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中国双语教育网资料
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双
语
数
学
概
念
用
语
（上）
本文来自
:
疯狂英语
详细出处参考：
/zhuanyeyingyu/kejiao
/2009/0310/
(
资料引用共享，本站尚未校订
)
一、
运
算
1
、各种符号
．
period
句号
，
comma
逗号
：
colon
冒号
；
semicolon
分号
！
exclamation
惊叹号
？
question mark
问号
￣
hyphen
连字符
'apostrophe
省略号；所有格符号
—
dash
破折号
‘
’
single quotation marks
单引号
“
”
double quotation marks
双引号
... ellipsis
省略号
(
) parentheses
圆括号
[ ] square brackets
方括号
《
》
French quotes
法文引号；书名号
¨
tandem colon
双点号
同上
‖
parallel
双线号
／
virgule
斜线号
＆
ampersand = and
～
swung dash
代字号
§
section; division
分节号
→
arrow
箭号；参见号
plus sign
加号
minus sign
减号
＋
plus
加号；正号
－
minus
减号；负号
±
plus or minus
正负号
×
is multiplied
by
乘号
÷
is divided by
除号
＝
is
equal to
等于号
≠
is not equal to
不等于号
= is equivalent to
全等于号
≌
is equal to or
approximately equal to
等于或约等于号
≈
is
approximately equal to
约等于号
＜
is less than
小于号
＞
is more than
大于号
≦
is not less
than
不小于号
≧
is not more
than
不大于号
≤
is less than or
equal to
小于或等于号
is more than or equal to
大于或等于
号
等于
equals, is equal to, is equivalent to
大于
is
greater than
；小于
is lesser than
大于等于
is equal or
greater than
；小于等于
is equal or lesser than
运算符
operator
2.
“
加”用
plus
，
and
或
add
表示；
“等于”用
is
，
make
，
equal
等词表示。
adding the following:
求和
加
plus(
介词
.),
add(
动词
),
addition(
名词
)
；被加数
augend,
summand
；加
数
addend
；和
sum
2+3=?
可表示为：
How much is
two plus three?
1
/
10
中国双语教育网资料
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2+3=5Two plus three is
five
．
Two and
three are equal to five
．
Two and three make
five
．
Two added
to three equals five
．
If we add two to/and three, we get
five
．
commutative
property
of
addit
ion
加
法
交
换
率
:changing
the
order
of
the
addends does not change the sum..
associative
property
of
addition:
If
a,b
and
c
are
real
numbers
,then
(a+b)+c=a+(b+c).changing
the
manner
of
combining
adde
nds
doesn’t
change
the sum.
3.
“减”用
minus
或
take
from
表示
minuend
被减数
,subtrahend
减数
difference
差
减
minus(
介词
),
subtract(
动词
),
subtraction(
名词
)
10
－
6
＝<
/p>
?
How much is ten
minus six?
10-6=4 Ten minus six is
four
．
Take six
from ten and the remainder is four.
Six
(taken) from ten is
four
．十减去六等于四
4.
“乘”用
time
（动词）或
multiply
表示
< br>
乘
times(
介词
),
multiply(
动词
),
multiplication(
名词
)
；被乘数
multiplicand,
faciend
；因数
factor
s,
乘数
multiplicator;
multiplier
；积
product
3X4
＝
? How much is
three times four?
3X4=12 Three times
four is twelve
．
Multiply three by
four
，
we get
twelve
．
Three
multiplied by four makes
twelve
．
三乘以四等于十二
In
a
multiplication
equation,
these
are
the
two
(or
more)
numbers
which
are
multiplied together.
Any
number multiplied by 1 is itself.
To
multiply
a
number
by
ten,
simply
add
a
zero
at
the
end
of
the
original
number.
0
和任何数相乘都得
0
。
Commutative property of
multiplication
乘法交换率
:If a and
b are real numbers,
then a
×<
/p>
b=b
×
a
，<
/p>
changing the order of the factors does
not change the product.
Is addition
commutative ?
Is subtraction
commutative ?
Is multiplication
commutative ?
Is division commutative ?
associative property of
multiplication
结合率
:If a,b and
c are real numbers ,then
a(bc)=(ab)c.
changing the grouping of multiplying factors does
not change the
product.
distributive property of multiplication
over addition
乘法对加法的分配率：
If
a,b and c are real numbers ,then
a(b+c)=ab+ac.
For every real number
”a”:a+0=a.0 is the identity element for
addition.
For every real
number “a”:a×1=a. 1 is the identity element for
multiplication.
5.
“除”用
divide
的过去分词形式表示
2
/
10
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除
divided
by(
介词
.),
divide(
动词
),
division(
名词
)
可被整除的数
divisible<
/p>
；被整除
divided
evenly
；被除数
dividend
；除数
divisor
；余数
remain
der
；商
quotient
16÷
4=? How much
is sixteen divided by four?
16
÷
4
＝
4 Sixteen
divided by four is four
．
Sixteen divided by four
equals/gives/makes four
．
6.
表示“
n
次方”的说法：指数用序数词，底数用基数词。
10
的
7
次方
the seventh power of
ten
（
ten to the seventh
power
）
6
的
10
次方
the tenth power of
six
（
six to the tenth
power
）
A zero
factor always gives a zero product.
The
product of two real numbers may be 0 only if one
factor is 0.
Dividing by zero is not
difined.a/0 and a÷
0 are not defined.
Zero divided by any non-zero real
number equals zero .
For the pair of
numbers ,select the correct symbol
(=,
≤
greater than
or equal to
≥
less
than
倍。 <
br>— 100million
than>approximately
equal
to
≈
not
equal
to
≠
)
fill
in
the
blank.
One is less than one
hundred.
Forty-four is greater than
six.
Nine equals three times three.
7
、
The
order of operations regarding addition,
subtraction, multiplication
etc
运
算顺序：
1) parentheses: do calculations within
grouping symbols such as: ()[]{}.
2)
Multiplication
&Division
from
left
to
right.
3)Addition
&Subtraction
from
left to right.
记“
Please Excuse My Dear Aunt
Sally
”
（括号、指数、乘法、除法、加法、
减法）
Hint: Remember
“Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally”
(parentheses;Exponents;Multiplication;Divis
ion;Addition;Subtraction)
Express the
following, using mathematical
phrases:
用数学语言表达
1) Ten increased by the product of six
and three
2) Eight decreased by the
quotient of four and two.
3) The
product of six and five decreased by the sum of
eight and four.
8
、
explain how to
round numbers.
解释如何四舍五入
近似值
approximation
估算
estimation
To give an approximate value
.
即取一个近似值。
将一个整数四舍
五入到所要求的位数值，若所要求位数右边的数字小于
5
，
则将其约去，
若大于或等于
5
，
则进一位。
When rounding a
number to a given
place
value
:if
the
digit
to
the
right
of
the
one
given
is
less
than
or
equal
to
five
,you round up.
Example:
round
67
to
the
nearest
ten’s
place .”7”is
greater
than
“5”,so
round
“67”up to “70”.
3
/
10
中国双语教育网资料
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Round
the
number
5842
to
the
nearest
hundred.
The
four
in
the
ten’s
place
is
less than five, so you
round down to 5800.
进位
carry
截尾
truncation
四舍五入
round
下舍入
round down
上舍入
round up
有效数字
significant
digit
无效数字
insignificant digit
9
、验算
How
can
you
use
multiplication
to
check
the
result
of
a
division
problem?example:41/9=
1)
multiply the quotient by the divisor4x9=36
2)add the remainder to the product of
item 1 above 36+5=41
二、整
数
1
、数
数字
digit
；零
null, zero, nought, nil
数
number
；整数
whole number
，
integer
正
positive
；正数
positive
number
；正整数
positive whole
number
负
negative
（
a
number that is less than
zero
）
；负数
negative
number
；非负
的
nonnegative
；负整数
negative whole number
;opposite numbers
相反数；
real numbers
实数
;number line
数轴
;
origin
原点
Arithmetic
算术
algebra
代数
geometry
几何
generated
旋转
average
平均数
natural
number
自然数：
The same as a
counting number . It is a member of the
set
｛
0
，
1
，
2
，<
/p>
3
，
4
??｝<
/p>
rational
number
有理数：
A number that can
be represented by a
fraction(
分数
).
This includes all terminating and
repeating decimals.
整数
intege
r
：
Any
positive
or
negative
number
or
zero.
A
member
of
the
set
｛?
,-3,-2,-1,0
，
1
，
2
，
3
，?
｝
.
整数
whole
numbers
：
All the
“
natural
numbers
”
plus
zero.
irrational
number
无理数
: A non-repeating
（无限）
,non-
terminating
（不循环）
decimal.
实数
real
number
：
Any rational or
irrational number.
连续整数
consecutive number
Counting(
连续的数
) or
natural numbers
（自然数）
:
The numbers you count
with.:1,2,3,…(etc)
Even
numbers
；
even
integer,
偶数
:
Whole numbers divisible by two
.0,2,4,
?
Odd
numbers
；
odd
integer,
奇数
:
Whole numbers
not divisible by two.
prime
number
质数：
A number which has
no factors other than itself or 1.
List
all of the non-prime
numbers(
合数
) between 15 and
30
prime
number
质
数
：
A
number
which
has
exactly
two
whole
number
factors ?one and
itself.
prime
factor
质因数
:A
factor
of
a
number
which
is
also
a
prime
number.
49
4
/
10
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has factors of 1,7,49.
合数
Composite number e.g.
4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15
?
list the digits in our numbers
system
列出数字系统中的阿拉伯数字。
There
are
ten:0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
。
Combinations of these are
used to make up all numbers
这些阿拉伯数字构成
了所有的数。
２、十进制
decimal
system
二进制
binary system
十六进制
hexadecimal
system
一位数
1-digit number
两位数
2-digit number
list place values for the following num
ber:123456789
列出下面这个数各位数
字的位值。
Place values tell us by
which power of 10 to multiply a digit
位值
的意思是，一
个数的相邻两位之间相差
10
9
—
one
’
s
place
个位
8
ten
’
s
place
十位，
8 is in
the tens place
7
—hundred’s place
6
—thousand’s
place
5
—ten
thousand’s place, 5 is in the ten
thous
ands place
4
—100thousand’s
place
3
—million’s
place
2
—10million’s
place
1
—
’
s
place
亿位
3
、正负数
如何用正负数来表示相反的情况？
How are signed numbers used to
represent opposing situations?
1)
Opposites
such
as
up
and
down
or
left
and
right
can
be
represented
by
“+”and “
-
”.If up
is represented by “+”, then down can be
represented by
“
-
”.
2)
Even
though
the
distance
is
represented
as
+25
and
?15
,the
total
miles
traveled is 40(25+15).
(+25)
→
←（
-15
）
3) A deposit or increase is represented
as +
4) Street level is considered zero
.Traveling down one level would be expressed
as ?1.
将下列正负数按从小到大顺序排列
Place these signed numbers in order
from most negative to most positive .
On a number line the values of negative
numbers decrease from the origin (0) to
the left . the values of positive
numbers increase from the origin (0) to the right.
absolute
value
绝对值：
The
distance
(always
positive)between
a
number
and
zero
(the
origin)on
a
number line.
5
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10