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3 ,
. s
,
, ,
双
语
数
学
概
念
用
语
本文来自
:
疯狂英语
（上）
详细出处参考：
/zhuanyeyingyu/kejiao/2009/0310/
(
资料引用共享，本站尚未校订
)
一、
运
算
1
、各种符号
．
period
句号
，
comma
逗号
：
colon
冒号
；
semicolon
分号
！
exclamation
惊叹号
？
question mark
问号
￣
hyphen
连字符
'apostrophe
省略号；所有格符号
—
dash
破折号
‘
’
single quotation marks
单引号
“
”
double quotation marks
双引号
... ellipsis
省略号
(
) parentheses
圆括号
[ ] square brackets
方括号
《
》
French quotes
法文引号；书名号
¨
tandem colon
双点号
同上
‖
parallel
双线号
／
virgule
斜线号
＆
ampersand = and
～
swung dash
代字号
§
section; division
分节号
→
arrow
箭号；参见号
plus sign
加号
minus sign
减号
＋
plus
加号；正号
－
minus
减号；负号
±
plus or minus
正负号
×
is multiplied
by
乘号
÷
is divided by
除号
＝
is
equal to
等于号
≠
is not equal to
不等于号
= is equivalent to
全等于号
≌
is equal to or
approximately equal to
等于或约等于号
≈
is
approximately equal to
约等于号
＜
is less than
小于号
＞
is more than
大于号
≦
is not less
than
不小于号
≧
is not more
than
不大于号
≤
is less than or
equal to
小于或等于号
is more than or equal to
大于或等于
号
等于
equals, is equal to, is equivalent to
大于
is
greater than
；小于
is lesser than
大于等于
is equal or
greater than
；小于等于
is equal or lesser than
1
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运算符
operator
2.
“
加”用
plus
，
and
或
add
表示；
“等于”用
is
，
make
，
equal
等词表示。
adding the following:
求和
加
plus(
介词
.),
add(
动词
),
< br>addition(
名
词
)
；被加数
augend,
summand
；加
数
addend
；和
sum
2+3=?
可表示为：
How much is
two plus three?
2+3=5Two plus three is
five
．
Two and
three are equal to five
．
Two and three make
five
．
Two added
to three equals five
．
If we add two to/and three, we get
five
．
commutative
property
of
addit
ion
加
法
交
换
率
:changing
the
order
of
the
addends does not change the sum..
associative
property
of
addition:
If
a,b
and
c
are
real
numbers
,then
(a+b)+c=a+(b+c).changing
the
manner
of
combining
addends
doesn’t
change
the sum.
3.
“
减”
用
minus
或
take
from
表
示
minuend
被
减
< br>数
,subtrahend
减
数
difference
差
减
minus(
介词
),
subtract(
动词
),
subtraction(
名词
)
10
－
6
＝<
/p>
?
How much is ten
minus six?
10-6=4 Ten minus six
is four
．
Take six fro
m ten and the
remainder is four.
Six
(taken) from ten is
four
．
十减去六等于四
4.
“乘”用
time
（动词）或
multiply
表示
乘
times(
介
词
),
multip
ly(
动
词
),
multip
lication
(
名
词
)
；<
/p>
被乘数
multiplicand,
faciend
；因数
factor
s,
乘数
multiplicator;
multip
lier
；积
product
3X4
＝
? How much is
three times four?
3X4=12
Three times four is twelve
．
Multip
ly three by
four
，
we get
twelve
．
Three
multip
lied by four makes
twelve
．
三乘以
四等于十二
In
a
multiplication
equation,
these
are
the
two
(or
more)
numbers
which
are
multip
lied together.
Any number multiplied by 1 is
itself.
To
multip
ly
a
number
by
ten,
simply
add
a
zero
at
the
end
of
the
original
number.
0
和任何数相乘都
得
0
。
Commutative property
of multip
lication
乘
法
交换率
:If a and b are real
numbers,
then a
×
b
=b
×
a
，
c
hanging the order of the factors does not change
the product.
Is addition commutative ?
Is subtraction commutative ?
Is multiplication commutative ?
Is division commutative ?
associative property of multip
lication
结
合率
:If
a,b and c are real numbers ,then
a(bc)=(ab)c.
changing
the
grouping
of
multiplying
factors
does
not change
the
2
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product.
distributive
property
of
multip
lication
over addition
乘
法对加法的分配率：
If
a,b and c are real numbers ,then
a(b+c)=ab+ac.
For every real number
”a”:a+0=a.0 is the identity element
for
addition.
For every real
number “a”:a×1=a. 1 is the identity element
for
multip
lication.
5.
“除”用
divide
的过去分词形式表示
除
divided
by(
介
词
.),
divide(
动词
),
division(
名
词
)
可被整
除的数
divisible
；
被整除
div
ided
evenly
；
被
除数
dividend
；除数
divisor
；余
数
remainder
；
商
quotient
16÷
4=? How much
is sixteen divided by four?
16
÷
4
＝
4 Sixteen
divided by four is four
．
Sixteen divided by four
equals/gives/makes four
．
6.
表示“
n
次方”的说法：指数用序数词，底数用基数词。
10
的
7
次方
the seventh power of
ten
（
ten to the seventh
power
）
6
的
10
次方
the tenth power of
six
（
six to the tenth
power
）
A zero
factor always gives a zero product.
The
product of two real numbers may be 0 only
if one factor is 0.
Dividing
by zero is not difined.a/0 and a÷
0 are
not defined.
Zero divided by
any non-zero real number equals zero .
For the pair of numbers ,select the
correct symbol (=,
≤
greater than or equal to
≥
less
than
<
br>则将其约去， ；
than>approximately
equal
to
≈
not
equal
to
≠
)
fill
in
the
blank.
One is less than one
hundred.
Forty-four is greater than
six.
Nine equals three times three.
7
、
The
order of operations regarding addition,
subtraction, multiplication
etc
运
算顺序：
1) parentheses: do calculations within
group
ing symbols such as: ()[]{}.
2)
Multip
lication
&Division
fro
m
left
to
right.
3)Addition
&Subtraction
from
left to right.
记“
Please Excuse My Dear Aunt
Sally
”
（括号
、指数、乘法、除
法、加法、
减法）
Hint:
Remember “Please Excuse My Dear Aunt
Sally”
(parentheses;Exponent
s;Multip
lication;Division;Addition;Subt
raction)
Express the
following, using
mathematical
phrases:
用
数学语言表达
1) Ten increased by the product of six
and three
2) Eight decreased by the
quotient of four and two.
3) The
product of six and five decreased by the sum of
eight and four.
8
、
explain how to
round numbers.
解释如何四舍五入
近似值
approximation
估算
estimation
3
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To give an approximate value
.
即取一个近似
值。
将一个整数四
舍五入到所要求的位数值，若所
要求位数
右边的数字小
于
5
，
若大于或等
于
5<
/p>
，
则进一位。
When
rounding a number to a given
place
value
:if
the
digit
to
the
right
of
the
one
given
is
less
than
or
equal
to
five
,you round up.
Examp
le:
round
67
to
the
nearest
ten’s
place .”7”is
greater
than
“5”,so
round
“67”up to “70”
.
Round
the
number
5842
to
the
nearest
hundred.
The
four
in
the
ten’s
place
is
less than five, so you
round down to 5800.
进位
carry
截尾
truncation
四舍五入
round
下舍入
round down
上舍入
round up
有效数字
significant
digit
无效数字
insignificant digit
9
、验算
How
can
you
use
multiplication
to
check
the
result
of
a
division
problem?example:41/9=
1)
multip
ly the quotient by the
divisor4x9=36
2)add the remainder to
the product of item 1 above 36+5=41
二、整
数
1
、数
数字
digit
零
null, zero,
nought, nil
数
number
；整
数
whole number
，
integer
正
positive
；正
数
positive numbe
r
；正整
数
positive
whole number
负
negative
（
a
number that is less than
zero
）
；负数
negative
number
；非负
的
nonnegative
；负整数
negative whole number
;opposite
numbers
相反数
；
real numbers
实数
;number
line
数
轴
;
origin
原
点
Arithmetic
算术
algebra
代数
geometry
几何
generated
旋转
average
平均数
natural
number
自然数：
The same as a
counting
number . It is a member of the
set
｛
0
，
1
，
2
，<
/p>
3
，
4
??｝<
/p>
rational
number
有
理数：
A
number that can be represented by a
fraction(
分数
).
This includes all terminating and
repeating decimals.
整数
intege
r
：
Any
positive
or
negative
number
or
zero.
A
member
of
the
set
｛?
,-3,-2,-1,0
，
1
，
2
，
3
，?
｝
.
整数
whole
numbers
：
All the
“
natural
numbers
”
plus
zero.
irrational
number
无
理数
: A non-
repeating
（无限）
,non-terminati
ng
（
不循环
）
decimal.
实数
real
number
：
Any rational or
irrational number.
连续整
数
consecutive
number
Counting(
连
续的数
) or natural
numbers
（自然数）
:
The
numbers you count with.:1,2,3,…(etc)
4
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Even numbers
；
even
integer,
偶数
:
Whole numbers divisible by two
.0,2,4,
?
Odd
numbers
；
odd
integer,
奇数
:
Whole numbers
not divisible by two.
prime
number
质数：
A number which has
no factors other than itself or 1.
List
all of the non-prime
numbers(
合数
) between 15 and
30
prime
number
质
数
：
A
number
which
has
exactly
two
whole
number
factors ?one and
itself.
prime
factor
质因数
:A
factor
of
a
number
which
is
also
a
prime
number.
49
has factors of 1,7,49.
合数
Composite number e.g.
4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15
?
list the digits in our numbers system
列
出数字系统中的阿拉伯数字
。
There are
ten:0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
。
Combinations
of
these
are
used
to
make
up
all
numbers
这些
阿拉伯数字构成
了所有的数。
２、十进制
decimal system
二进制
binary system
十六进制
hexadecimal
system
一位数
1-digit number
两位数
2-digit number
list
place
values
for
the
fo
llowing
number:
123456789
列出下
面这个数各位数
字的位值。
Place values tell us
by which power of 10 to multip
ly a digi
t
位
值的意思是，一
个数的相邻两
位之间相差
10
倍。
9
—
one
’
s
place
个
位
8
—
ten
’
s
place
十
位，
8 is in the tens place
7
—hundred’s
place
6
—thousand’s
place
5
—ten
thousand’s place, 5 is in the ten thousands
place
4
—100thousand’s
place
3
—million’s
place
2
—10million’s
place
1
—
100million
’
s
place
亿位
3
、正负数
如何用正负数
来表示相反的情况？
How are signed numbers used to
represent opposing situations?
1)
Opposites
such
as
up
and
down
or
left
and
right
can
be
represented
by
“+”and “
-
”.If up
is represented by “+”, then down can be
represented by
“
-
”.
2)
Even
though
the
distance
is
represented
as
+25
and
?15
,the
total
miles
traveled is 40(25+15).
(+25)
→
←（
-15
）
3) A deposit or increase is represented
as +
4) Street level is considered zero
.Traveling down one level would be expressed
as ?1.
5
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