-
1. Psychiatrists (
精神病专家
) who work with older
parents say that maturity can be an asset in
child rearing - older parents are more
thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend
more time with
their children. But
raising kids takes money and energy. Many older
parents find themselves balancing
their
limited financial resources, declining energy and
failing health against the growing demands of an
active child. Dying and leaving young
children is probably the older parents' biggest,
and often unspoken,
fear. Having late-
life children, says an economics professor, often
means parents, particularly fathers,
up
retiring much later.
Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old
journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids.
But he's also worried
that his energy
will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes
with his athletic fifth grader, but he's learned
that young at heart doesn't mean young.
Lately he's been taking afternoon naps
(
午睡
) to keep up his
energy.
ou can't get away
from that.
Often, older parents hear
the ticking of another kind of biological clock.
Therapists who work with
middle-aged
and
older
parents
say
fears
about
aging
are
nothing
to
laugh
at.
worry
they'll
be
mistaken for
grandparents, or that they'll need help getting up
out of those little chairs in nursery
school,
says Joann Galst, a New
Y
ork psychologist. But at the core of
those little fears there is often a much
bigger one:
Many late-life
parents, though, say their children came at just
the right time. After marrying late and
undergoing years of fertility
(
受孕
) treatment, Marilyn
Nolen and her husband. Randy, had twins.
both wanted children,
what
they desired for years,
sociable
because their fathers are more involved in their
lives. 'The dads are older, more
mature,
Silber,
1
．
Why do
psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child
rearing?
C
A
、
Older parents
can better balance their resources against
children's demands.
B
、
Older parents
are usually more experienced in bringing up their
children.
C
、
Older parents
are often better prepared financially.
D
、
Older parents
can take better care of their children.
2
．
What does the
author mean by saying
A
A
、
They have to go
on working beyond their retirement age.
B
、
They can't get
full pension unless they work some extra years.
C
、
They can't
obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed
of.
D
、
They are
reluctant to retire when they reach their
retirement age.
3
．
The author
gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that
____.
C
A
、
many people are
young in spirit despite their advanced age.
B
、
taking
afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy.
C
、
older parents
tend to be concerned about their aging bodies.
D
、
older parents
should exercise more to keep up with their
athletic children.
4
．
What's the
biggest fear of older parents according to New
Y
ork psychologist Joan Galst?
D
A
、
Being laughed
at by other people.
B
、
Slowing down of
their pace of life.
C
、
Being mistaken
for grandparents.
D
、
Approaching of
death.
5
．
What do we
learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?
B
A
、
They thought
they were an example of successful fertility
treatment.
B
、
Not
until they had the twins did they feel they had
formed a family.
C
、
They believed
that children born of older parents would be
smarter.
D
、
Not
until they reached middle age did they think of
having children.
2
、
Many people
would agree that, although our age exceeds all
previous ages in knowledge, there
has
been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But
agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define <
/p>
―
wisdom
‖
and consider means of promoting it.
There are several factors that
contribute to wisdom. Of course I should put first
a sense of proportion;
the capacity to
take account of all the important factors in a
problem and to attach to each its due weight.
This
has
become
more
difficult
than
it
used
to
be
owing
to
the
extent
and
complexity
of
the
special
knowledge
required
of
various
kinds
of
technicians.
Suppose,
for
example,
that
you
are
engaged
in
research in scientific medicine. The
work is difficult and is likely to absorb the
whole of your mind. Y
ou
have
not time to consider the effect which your
discoveries or inventions may have outside the
field of
medicine. Y
ou
succeed (let us say), as modern medicine has
succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant
death-rate, not only in Europe and
America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the
entirely unintended
result of making
the food supply inadequate and lowering the
standard of life in the parts of the world that
have the greatest populations. To take
an even more dramatic example, which is in
everybody
’
s mind at
the present time; you study the makeup
of the atom from a disinterested desire for
knowledge, and by
chance place in the
hands of a powerful mad man the means of
destroying the human race.
Therefore
with
every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom
becomes more necessary, for every such increase
augments (
增加
) our
capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore
augments our capacity for evil, if
our
purposes are unwise.
B
1
．
Disagreement arises when
people try to decide ______.
A
、
how much more
wisdom we have now than before
B
、
what wisdom is
and how to develop it
C
、
if there is a
great increase of wisdom in our age
D
、
Whether wisdom
can be developed or not
D
2
．
According to the author,
―
wisdom
‖
is
the ability to ______.
A
、
carefully
consider the bad effects of any kind of research
work
B
、
give each
important problem some careful consideration
C
、
acquire a great
deal of complex and special knowledge
D
、
give suitable
consideration to all the possible elements in a
problem
B
3
．
Lowering
the infant death-rate may ______.
A
、
prove to be
helpful everywhere in the world
B
、
give rise to an
increase in population in Europe
C
、
cause food
shortages in Asia and Africa
D
、
raise the
living standard of the people in Africa
A
4
．
The
author uses the examples in the passage to
illustrate his point that _____.
A
、
it
’
s
extremely difficult to consider all the important
elements in a problem
B
、
success in
medical research has its negative effects
C
、
scientists may unknowingly cause
destruction to the human race.
D
、
it
’
s unwise to be totally absorbed in
research in scientific medicine
C
5
．
What is the main
idea of the passage?
A
、
It is unwise to
place the results of scientific research in the
hands of a power
B
、
The more
knowledge one has, the wiser one becomes.
C
、
Any
increase of knowledge could lead to disastrous
results without the guidance
D
、
wisdom
increases in proportion to
one
’
s age.
3
、
The current
energy security system was created in response to
the 1973 Arab oil embargo to
ensure
coordination among the industrialized countries in
the event of a disruption in supply, encourage
collaboration on energy policies, and
deter any future use of an
―
oil
weapon
‖
by
exporters. Its key
elements are the
Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA),
whose members are the industrialized
countries;
strategic
stockpiles
of
oil,
including
the
U.S.
Strategic
Petroleum
Reserves;
continued
monitoring
and
analysis
of
energy
markets
and
policies;
and
energy
conservation
and
coordinated
emergency sharing of supplies in the
event of a disruption. The emergency system was
set up to offset
major
disruptions
that
threatened
the
global
economy
and
stability,
not
to
manage
prices
and
the
commodity cycle. Since the
system
’
s inception in the
1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of
strategic stockpiles has occurred only
twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in
the autumn of
2005 after Hurricane
Katrina.
Experience has shown that to maintain
energy security countries must abide by several
principles.
The first and most familiar
is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago:
diversification of supply.
Multiplying
one
’
s
supply
sources
reduces
the
impact
of
a
disruption
in
supply
from
one
source
by
providing alternatives, serving the
interests of both consumers and producers, for
whom stable markets
are
a
prime
concern.
But
diversification
is
not
enough.
A
second
principle
is
resilience,
a
―
security
margin
‖
in the energy supply system that
provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates
recovery after
disruptions.
Resilience
can
come
from
many
factors,
including
sufficient
spare
production
capacity,
strategic reserves, backup supplies of
equipment, adequate storage capacity along the
supply chain, and
the
stockpiling
of
critical
parts
for
electric
power
production
and
distribution,
as
well
as
carefully
conceived plans
for responding to disruptions that may affect
large regions. Hence the third principle:
recognizing the reality of integration.
There is only one oil market, a complex and
worldwide system that
moves and
consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every
day. For all consumers, security resides in the
stability of this market. Secession is
not an option.
A
fourth
principle
is
the
importance
of
information.
High-quality
information
underpins
well-functioning markets. On an
international level, the IEA has led the way in
improving the flow of
information about
world markets and energy prospects. That work is
being complemented by the new
International Energy
Forum,
which
will seek
to
integrate
information from
producers
and consumers.
Information is no less
crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be
instigated by a mixture of actual
disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such
situations, governments and the private sector
should collaborate to
counter panics
with high-quality, timely information.
As important as
these principles are, the past several years have
highlighted the need to expand the
concept
of
energy
security
in
two
critical
dimensions:
the
recognition
of
globalization
of
the
energy
security
system,
which
can
be
achieved
especially
by
engaging
China
and
India,
and
the
acknowledgement of the
fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to
be protected.
energy security system was established
for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT
__
A_
___.
A
、
protecting
profits of industrialized countries during Arab
oil embargo
B
、
making
effective coordination among those industrialized
countries
C
、
promoting
cooperation in making policies about energy
D
、
preventing oil exporters from using oil
as a weapon against other countries
2
．
Which of the
following statements about International Energy
Agency is NOT true?
B
A
、
Its headquarter
is located in Paris.
B
、
Its members
include developed and developing countries.
C
、
It
monitors and analyzes the energy market and
policies.
D
、
It makes great
efforts to save energy and deal with oil
disruption.
3
．
The first and
foremost thing that both consumers and producers
are concerned about is
___
B
___.
A
、
various supply
sources
B
、
stable energy
markets
C
、
the largest
profits
D
、
reasonable prices
4
．
Integration,
the third principle to maintain energy security,
means to __
C
____.
A
、
recognize the
reality of energy shortage
B
、
guarantee the
stability of energy market
C
、
realize the
unity of the worldwide market
D
、
protect
one
’
s independent interests
5
．
The main
purpose of this passage is to
___
C
___.
A
、
convince
readers that energy security is important
B
、
introduce the major energy
organizations of U.S.
C
、
inform readers what the energy security
system is like
D
、
present principles for ensuring energy
security
4
、
A few common
misconceptions. Beauty is only skin deep. One's
physical assets and liabilities
don't
count
all
that
much
in
a
managerial
career.
A
woman
should
always
try
to
look
her
best.
Over
the
last
30
years,
social
scientists
have
conducted
more
than
1,000
studies
of
how
we
react
to
beautiful and not so beautiful people.
The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do
matter, more than
most of us realize.
The data suggest, for example, that physically
attractive individuals are more likely to
be
treated
well
by
their
parents,
sought
out
as
friends,
and
pursued
romantically.
With
the
possible
exception
of
women
seeking
managerial
jobs,
they
are
also
more
likely
to
be
hired,
paid
well,
and
promoted. Once again, the scientists
have caught us mouthing
pieties(
虔诚
) while acting
just the contrary.
Their
typical
experiment
works
something
like
this.
They
give
each
member
of
a
group
—
college
students,
or
teachers
or
corporate
personnel
mangers
—
a
piece
of
paper
relating
an
individual's
accomplishments. Attached to the paper
is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly
the same thing
the pictures are
different. Some show a strikingly attractive
person, some an average-looking character,
and some an unusually unattractive
human being. Group members are asked to rate the
individual on
certain
attributes,
anything
from
personal
warmth
to
the
likelihood
that
he
or
she
will
be
promoted.
Almost invariably, the better looking
the person in the picture, the higher the person
is rated. In the phrase,
borrowed from
Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up
the common perception, what is beautiful
is good.
In business,
however, good looks cut both ways for women, and
deeper than for men. A Utah State
University professor, who is an
authority on the subject, explains: In terms of
their careers, the impact of
physical
attractiveness on males is only modest. But its
potential impact on females can be tremendous,
making it easier, for example, for the
more attractive to get jobs where they are in the
public eye. On
another
note,
though,
there
is
enough
literature
now
for
us
to
conclude
that
attractive
women
who
aspire(
追求
) to
managerial positions do not g et on as well as
women who may be less attractive.
B
1
．
According to the
passage, people often wrongly believe that in
pursuing a career as a manager _____.
A
、
a
person's property or debts do not matter much
B
、
a person's
outward appearance is not a critical qualification
C
、
women should
always dress fashionably
D
、
women should
not only be attractive but also high minded
D
2
．
The
result of research carried out by social
scientists show that ______.
A
、
people do not
realize the importance of looking one's best
B
、
women in
pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be
paid well
C
、
good looking
women aspire to managerial positions
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