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阅读理解题
真题资料详细分析
2015
复习资料
As
anyone
who
has
tried
to
lose
weight
knows,
realistic
goal-setting
generally
produces the best
results. That's partially because it appears
people who set realistic
goals actually
work more efficiently, and
exert
（发挥）
more
effort, to achieve those
goals.
What's far less
understood
（万万没想到）
by scientists, however, are the
potentially
harmful effects of goal-
setting.
Newspapers
relay
daily
accounts
of
goal-setting
prevalent
in
industries
and
businesses
up
and
down
both
Wall
Street
and
Main
Street,
yet
there
has
been
surprisingly little research on how the
long-trumpeted practice of setting goals may
have contributed to the current
economic crisis , and unethical
(
不道德的
) behavior
in general(
大体上
).
same
motivation
that
can
push
people
to
exert
more
effort
in
a
constructive
way
could also motivate
people to be more likely to engage in unethical
behaviors,
Maurice Schweitzer, an
associate professor at Penn's Wharton School.
turns
out
there's
no
economic
benefit
to
just
having
a
goal---you
just
get
a
psychological
benefit
Schweitzer
says.
in
many
cases,
goals
have
economic
rewards that make them more
powerful.
A prime example Schweitzer and
his colleagues cite is the 2004
collapse
倒闭
崩毁
of energy-
trading giant Enron, where managers used financial
incentives to motivate
salesmen to meet
specific revenue
收益
goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is
the
actual trades were not
profitable
无利可图的
.
Other studies have shown that saddling
employees with unrealistic goals can compel
them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was
the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed
a sales quota on its auto repair staff.
It prompted employees to overcharge for work
and to complete unnecessary repairs on
a companywide basis.
Schweitzer
concedes his research runs counter to a very large
body of literature that
commends the
many benefits of goal-setting.
Advocates of the practice have taken
issue
with
his
team's
use
of
such
evidence
as
news
accounts
to
support
his
conclusion that goal-setting is widely
over-prescribed.
In
a
rebuttal
(
反驳
)
paper,
Dr. Edwin
Locke
writes:
is
not going
away.
Organizations cannot thrive without
being focused on their desired end results any
more than an individual can thrive
without goals to provide a sense of
purpose.
But
Schweitzer
contends
the
causal
evidence
linking
goal-setting
and
harmful behavior should be studied to
help spotlight issues that merit caution and
further
investigation.
a
few
negative
effects
could
be
so
large
that
they
outweigh many positive
effects,
does
help
coordinate
and
motivate
people.
My
idea
would
be
to
combine
that with careful oversight, a strong
organizational culture, and make sure
the
goals
that
you
use
are
going
to
be
constructive
and
not
significantly
harm
the
organization,
阅读理解题
1/5
1
What message does the author try to
convey about goal-setting?
A. Its
negative effects have long been neglected.
B. The goals increase people's work
efficiency.
C. Its role has been
largely underestimated.
D. The goals
most people set are unrealistic.
Underestimate
低估
原则
看人看类型
做题看题型
题干中表明
author try to
convey
作者想表达什么
判断为主旨题
主旨题
看各段首句
这题
第二段有明显转折
你要是不斜视
都能明白什么意思
However
，
are
potentially harmful effects of goal-setting
答案
A
阅读理解题
2/5
2
What does Maurice Schweitzer want to
show by citing the example of Enron?
A.
Setting realistic goals can turn a failing
business into success.
B. Businesses
are less likely to succeed without setting
realistic goals.
C. Financial
incentives ensure companies meet specific revenue
goals.
D. Goals with financial rewards
have strong motivational power.
显然这题为例证题
题干中有
by citing
the example of Enron
则定位词为
Enron
，
Maurice
Schweitzer
在文中红色部分
显然巨大的安然能源公司，
由于管理人员使用财政的刺激销售人员去达到特殊的
收益目标
怎么样
collapse
倒闭了
后面
the
problem
，
he
says
，
is
the
actual
trades
were
not
profitab
le
无利可图的
.
这个人想表达什么？
很明显想去证明他的
观点
答案选
Dog
选项
阅读理解题
3/5
3
How did Sears' goal-
setting affect its employees?
A. They
were obliged to work more hours to increase their
sales.
B. They competed with one
another to attract more customers.
C.
They resorted to unethical practice to meet their
sales quota.
D. They improved their
customer service on a companywide basis.
细节题
定位
Sears
，
< br>employee
看蓝色部分
看
A
选项
说他们不得不去多工作增加自己的限售业绩
显然错了文中
Overcharge
不负责任
看
B
选项
compete
with
竞争
one
another
互相
这是积极的表现
大错特错
看
D
选项
也是积极的态度
看正确答案
词组
resort
to
使用
采取
unethical
practice
不道德的措施
为原文
中：
overcharge
for work and compete unnecessary repaired
同意替换
为
6
级阅读的重要考点
阅读理解题
4/5
（
注意：
此题为
6<
/p>
级考试中的青藏高原题）
步骤：
4
What do advocates of goal-setting think
of Schweitzer's research?
A. Its
findings are not of much practical value.
B. It exaggerates the side effects of
goal-setting.
C. Its conclusion is not
based on solid scientific evidence.
D.
It runs counter to the existing literature on the
subject.
1.
先看题干
做题原则
此题为文章某段细节题
2.
定位词为
Schweitzer's
research
，
advocate
（提倡）
见文章中
黄色部分。
3.
runs counter
to
背道而驰
首先文中的斜体部分意思为
支持者争
辩说
他提供的这样的新闻发布会的证据去支持他的结论
。首先
his
team
，
his
conclusion
，都指代是
Schweitzer
后面为
widely
over-prescribed
把设立目
标太过夸大了
S
是不支持设立目标的
所以他夸大的是消极的一面，而非
积
极的一面。
4.
分析
A
选项
not of much practice value
没太多的实施价值
偷换概念
C
选项
无中生有
D
选项这个选项你不觉得很可笑吗
Boy
选项正确
考查
exaggerate
夸大的
原文中为
over-
prescribed
的同
意替换
.
阅读理解题
5/5
5
What is Schweitzer's
contention against Edwin Locke?
A. The
link between goal-setting and harmful behavior
deserves further study.
B. Goal-setting
has become too deep-rooted in corporate culture.
C. The positive effects of goal-setting
outweigh its negative effects.
D.
Studying goal-setting can throw more light on
successful business practices.
细节题