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英美国家概况名词解释（转载）
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英语国家概况名词解释系列
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Amerigo Vespucci----Amerigo Vespucci, a
navigator, proved that the land was not India,but
a new
continent. Therefore, the land
was named America after.
The Puritans
----The Puritans were wealthy, well-educated
gentlemen. They wanted to purify the
Church of England and threatened with
religious persecution, the Puritans leaders saw
the New
world as the a refuge provided
by God for those He meant to save.
英语国家
概况名词解释系列（
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The Bill of Rights----In
1789, James Madison introduced in the House of
Representatives a series
of amendments
which later were drafted into twelve proposed
amendments and sent to the states
for
ratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791
and the first ten amendments to the constitution
were called the Bills of Rights because
they were to insure individual liberties.
The
Emancipation
Proclamation----After
the
Civil
war
began,
Lincoln
issued
the
Emancipation
Proclamation to win more support at
home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves
in areas
still controlled by the
Confederacy.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（<
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Pilgrims Thanksgiving Day----The
Pilgrims in 1620, 201 of them sailed to the New
World in a
ship called Mayflower. The
first winter after their arrival was very cold and
when spring came,
half of them were
dead. Then the Indians came to their help and
taught them how to grow corn.
They
had
a
good
harvest
that
year.
So
they
invited
the
Indians
and
held
the
first
Thanksgiving
celebration in
America to give thanks to God.
The
Chunnel----In
1985
the
British
government
and
French
government
decided
to
build
a
channel tunnel, which is
called “Chunnel”, under the Straits of Dover so
that England and France
could be joined
together by road. The Chunnel was open to traffic
in May 1994.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（<
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Eisteddfod----
Eisteddfod is
the Welsh word for “sitting” National Eidteddfod
is the most famous
festival of music
and verse in Wales. It takes place each August and
lasts for about a week. The
highlight
of
the
festival
is
competition
for
the
best
epic
poem
about
Wales
written
and
read
in
Welsh.
The winner is crowned Board, considered the
supreme honour in Wales. In this way the
Welsh people keep the Welsh language
and culture alive.
Cockney----A cockney
is a Londoner who is born within the sound of Bow
Bells-the Bells of the
church of St.
Mary-LeBow in east London.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（
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Stonehenge----It
is
a
group
of
huge
monuments
of
grant
rock
Slabs
on
salisbury
plain
in
Southwest
England
built
as
long
ago
as
the
New
Stone
Age.
It
is
generally
believed
that
stonehenge served some
sort of religious purposes.
The Celts
----The Celts came to Britain in three main waves.
The first wave were the Gales, the
second
wave
were
the
Brythons
and
the
Belgae
came
about
150BC.
The
Celts
were
practised
farmers. The
Celtic tribes are ancestors of the Highland Scots,
the Irish and the Welsh, And their
languages are the basis of both Welsh
and Gaelic. They religion was Druidism.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（
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Norman Conquest----The
Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known
event in English
history. William the
conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave
it to his Norman followers.
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He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a
strong Norman government. So the feudal syAlfred
the
Great----He was king of Wessex, one
of the seven Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms. It was he who
led the
Anglo-Saxon to flight against
the invading Danes and maintained peace for a long
time. Alfred
was not only a brave king
at wartime, but also a wise king at peacetime. He
encouraged education
and introduced a
legal system. He is known a
s “the
father of the British navy”.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（
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St.
Augustine----
In 597,Pope Gregory I sent
St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew’s Monastery
in
Rome, to England to convert the
heathen English to Christianity. That year, St.
Augustine became
the first Archbishop
of Canterbury. Augustine was remarkably successful
in converting the king
and
the
nobility,
but
the
conversion
of
the
common
people
was
largely
due
to
the
missionary
activities of the monks in the north.
Domesday
Book----It
is
a
book
compiled
by
a
group
of
clerks
under
the
sponsorship
of
King
William the First in
1086. The book was in fact a property record. It
was the result of a general
survey of
England. It recorded the extent, value, state of
cultivation, and ownership of the land. It
was
one
of
the
important
measures
adopted
by
William
I
to
establish
the
full
feudal
system
in
England. Today, it is kept in the
Public Records Office in London.
英语国家概况
名词解释系列（
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Geoffrey Chaucer----He was
an important English poet in the fourteenth
century. His best known
is
The
Canterbury
Tales,
which
describes
a
group
of
pilgrims
travelling
to
Canterbury
to
visit
Thomas Becket’s tomb.
Because he was the first important English poet to
write in English. He
has been known as
the “Father of English Poetry”.
The Black Death----It is a modern name
given to the dearly bubonic plague, an epidemic
disease
spread
through
Europe
in
the
fourteenth
century
particularly
in
1348-1349.
It
came
without
warning,
and
without
any
cue.
In
England,
it
killed
almost
half
of
the
total
population,
causing
far-reaching
economic consequences.
英语国家概况名词解释系列（
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The Wars of
Roses
玫瑰战争
----the name Wars
of the Roses was refer to the battles between the
House of Lancaster, symbolized by the
read rose, and that of York, symbolized by the
white, from
1455 to 1485. Henry Tudor,
descendant of Duke of Lancaster won victory at
Bosworth Fireld in
1485
and
put
ht
country
under
the
rule
of
the
Tudors.
From
these
Wars,
English
feudalism
received its death blow. The great
medieval nobility was much weakened.
The Glorious Revolution of
1688
光荣革命
---- In 1685 Charles
II died and was succeeded by his
brother
James
II.
James
was
brought
up
in
exile
in
Europe,
was
a
Catholic.
He
hoped
to
rule
without giving up his personal
religious vies. But England was no more tolerant
of a Catholic king
in
1688
than
40
years
ago.
So
the
English
politicians
rejected
James
II,
and
appealed
to
a
Protestant
king,
William
of
Orange,
to
invade
and
take
the
English
throne.
William
landed
in
England in 1688. The takeover was
relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any
execution of the
king. This was known
as the Glorious Revolution.
英语国家概况名词解释系
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The Gunpowder Plot of
1605
火药阴谋案
----The Gunpowder
Plot of 1605 was the most famous
of the
Catholic conspiracies. On Nov. 5,1605, a few
fanatical Catholics attempted to blow King
James and his ministers up in the House
of Parliament where Guy Fawkes had planted barrels
of
gun-powder
in
the
cellars.
The
immediate
result
was
the
execution
of
Fawkes
and
his
fellow-conspirators and
imposition of severe anti-Catholic laws. The long-
term result has been an
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