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英语句子结构有五种(主谓,主谓宾,主系表,主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补)
主谓:
I
study.
主谓宾
:I
like
banana.
主系表
:I
am
a
student.
主谓双宾
:I
give
a
pencil
to
him.
主谓复合宾语
:I
make
him
happy.
1.
主语
+
谓语
(
不及物动词
< br>)
[S
+
V]
如:
The
children
are
playing
happily.
孩子们正在高兴地玩。
2.
主
语
+
谓语
(
及
物动词
)+
宾语
[S+V+O]
如:
The
Greens
enjoy
living
in
China.
格林一家喜欢住在中国。
3.
主语
+
谓语
+
表语
[S+V+P]
该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动
词有:
be(
是
)
;
get(
变得
),
become(
成为
),
turn(
变得
),
look(
看起
来
),
feel(
感到
),
smell(
闻起来
),
taste(
尝起来
),
sound(
听起
来
),
seem(
似乎
)
等。如:
①
He
became
a
famous
doctor.
他成为了一名著名的医生。
②
The
apple
pie
tastes
really
delicious.
苹果派吃起来真是好
吃。
4.
主语
+
谓语
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语
< br>
[S+V+InO+DO]
这种句型中的及物动
词后跟双宾语,
既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。
也可以把间接宾语放在直
接宾语之后,但要加介词
for
或
p>
to
。如:
①
My
aunt
bought
me
a
computer.
=
My
aunt
bought
a
compu
ter
for
me.
我阿姨买给我一台电脑。
②
I
passed
him
the
salt.
=
I
passed
the
salt
to
him.
我把盐递给他。
5.
主
语
+
谓语
+
宾
语
+
宾语补足语
[S+V+O+OC]
如:
We
must
keep
our
school
clean.
我们必须保持我们的学校清
洁。
1.
Subject
(
主语
)
+
Verb
(
谓语
)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及
物动词
,这些动词常见的有:
appear,
apologize,arrive,
come,
die,
disappear,
exist,
fall,
h
appen,
rise,
等等。如:
The
students
work
very
hard.
学生们学
习很努力。
She
apologized
to
me
again.
她再次向我道
歉。
The
accident
happened
yesterday
evening.
事故是昨天晚上发
生的。
2.
Subject
(
主语
)
+
Link.
V(
系动词
)
+
Predicate(
表语
)
这
种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列
两类:
(1)
表示状态的连系动词。这些词
有:
be,
look,
seem,
appear,
smell,
taste,
sound,
keep,
remain,
等等。如:
Several
players
lay
flat
on
the
playground.
几个
队
员平躺在操场上。
We
should
remain
modest
and
prudent
any
time.
我们在任何时候都
应该保持谦虚谨慎。
This
kind
of
food
tastes
terrible.
这
种食物吃起来很糟糕。
The
picture
looks
more
beautiful
at
a
certain
distance.
这幅画
在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。
(2)
表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:
become,
get,
grow,
turn,
go,
come,
prove,
等等。如:
Spring
comes.
It
is
getting
warmer
and
warmer.
春天到了,天
气变
得越来越暖和。
Don't
have
the
food.
It
has
gone
bad.
不要吃那种食物,已经变质
了。
The
facts
prove
true.
事实证明是正确的。
3.
Subject(
主语
)
+
Verb
(
谓语
)
+
Object
(
宾语
)
这种句型
中的动词应为及物动词或者
可以后接宾语的动词短语。
同时,
句子中有时含有与
宾语有关的状语。
作宾语的成分常是:
名词、
p>
代词、
动词不定式、
动名词或从句。
如:
You
can
put
the
books
in
your
bag.
你可以把书放在书包里。
Farmers
in
our
area
grow
lots
of
vegetables.
我们这
里的农民种很
多种蔬菜。
She
lost
the
chance
to
make
her
appearance
on
the
stage.
她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。
< br>
I
prefer
to
make
web
pages.
我更喜欢做网页。
4.
S
ubject(
主语
)
+
Verb(
谓语
)
+
Indirect
object(
间接宾语
)
+
Dir
ect
object
(
直接宾语
)
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,
直接
宾语常常指“物”。
如:
Yesterday
her
father
bought
her
a
bicycle
as
a
bir
thday
present.
昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
The
old
man
is
telling
the
children
stories
in
the
Long
March.
老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句
型:
1)
动词
+
宾语
+
for
sb.
;
2)
动词
+
宾语+
to
sb.
。如:
Please
show
me
your
picture.
/Please
show
your
picture
to
m
e.
请把你的画给我看一下。
I'll
offer
you
a
good
chance
as
long
as
you
don’t
lose
h
eart.
—
I'll
offer
a
good
chance
for
you
as
long
as
you
don't
lose
heart.
只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的。
5.
S
ubject(
主语
)
+
Verb
(
动词
)
+
Object
(
宾语
)
+
Complement(
p>
补
语
)
这种句型中的宾语+
补语可统称为“
复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是
名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。
如:
Keep
the
children
quiet,
please.
请让孩子们安静下来。
He
painted
the
wall
white.
他把墙漆成白色。
We
found
him
an
honest
person.
我们发
现他是一个诚实的人。
His
mother
told
him
not
to
play
on
the
street.
他母亲告诉他
不
要在街上玩。
注意:动词
have,
make,
let,
see,
hear,
notice,
feel,
observe,
wa
tch
等后
面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带
to
。如:
The
boss
made
him
do
the
work
all
day.
老板让他整天做那项
工
作。
1
.
主语
+
不及物动词
例:
It
is
raining
heavily.
/My
tooth
aches.
2
.
主语
+
及物动词
+
宾语
例:
They
enjoy
the
play.
/I
met
John
in
the
street
yesterday.
3
.
< br>
主语
+
系动词
+
表语
例:
He
is
out.
/Jenny
is
fine.
/It
looks
like
rain,
soon.
4
主语
+
及物动词
+
双宾语
例:
He
bought
her
a
watch.
/The
sun
gives
us
light.
注意:双宾语一个指人(即间接宾
语),另一个指物(即直接宾语)。一般间接
宾语位于直接宾语的前面,
有时它们也可交换位置,
这是需要在间接宾语的前面
加
上介词
to
或
for
。
常见的双宾语结构:
bring
sb.
sth
(bring
sth
to
sb).
give
sb.
sth
(give
sth
t
o
sb.)
hand
sb.
sth
(hand
sth
to
sb.)
leave
sb.
sth
(leave
sb)
lend
sb.
sth
(lend
sth
to
sb)
pass
sb
sth
(pass
sth
to
s
b)
return
sb.
sth
(return
sth
to
sb)
send
sb
sth
(send
sth
t
o
sb)
show
sb
sth
(show
sth.
to
sb.)
tell
sb
sth
(tell
sth
to
sb
)
write
sb
sth
(write
sth
to
sb
)
buy
sb
sth
(buy
sth
for
sb
)
do
sb
sth
(do
sth
for
sb
)
get
sb
sth
(get
sth
for
sb
)
make
sb.
sth
(make
sth
for
sb)
pay
sb.
sth
(pay
sth
for
sb)
sing
sb
sth
(sing
sth
for
sb
)
5
.
主语
+
及物动词
+
宾语
+
补足语
例:
She
found
him
a
very
clever
student.
/
I
make
it
a
rule
to
get
up
early
in
the
morning.
(
S
+
p>
V
+
P
)
The
bike
is
new.
/The
map
is
on
the
wall.
第二种
主语+不及物动词
(
S
+
V
)
He
swims.
第三种
主语+及物动词+宾语
(
S
+
V
+
O
)
Children
often
sing
this
song.
第四种
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
(
S
+
V
+
IO
+
DO
)
She
showed
her
friends
all
her
pictures.
第五种
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
(
S
+
V
+<
/p>
O
+
C
)
week/month/year/... after next;
on/in +
将来的时间;
in+
一段时间;
. Will they live a
five-star hotel?
2 is/am/are+going
to+V
原形,表示计划打算做什么事情。
陈述句:
I
’
m going
to go to Kongkong by air.
否定句
:We are not going to buy
a house here.
一
般疑问句
:Are they
going to change their jobs?
特殊疑问句
:How are you going to
tell him?
过去
将来时
was/were going to
+V
原形
多用在宾语从句中
在过去将会发生的动作。
陈述句:
I was going to buy a
computer.
They told me that they were
not going to
goabroad.
否定句
:I was not going to buy a
computer.
任何人称
+would
+V
原形
He said he
would come in in Shanghai.
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