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英语常规语句

作者:高考题库网
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2021-01-30 11:04
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2021年1月30日发(作者:一点一点)


英语句子结构有五种(主谓,主谓宾,主系表,主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补)





主谓:


I


study.





主谓宾


:I


like


banana.


主系表


:I


am


a


student.





主谓双宾


:I


give


a


pencil


to


him.




主谓复合宾语


:I


make


him


happy.




1.


主语


+


谓语


(


不及物动词

< br>)


[S


+


V]



如:


The


children


are


playing


happily.



孩子们正在高兴地玩。






2.


主 语


+


谓语


(


及 物动词


)+


宾语



[S+V+O]



如:


The


Greens


enjoy


living


in


China.



格林一家喜欢住在中国。




3.


主语


+


谓语


+


表语



[S+V+P]




该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动


词有:


be(



)




get(


变得


),


become(


成为


),


turn(


变得


),


look(


看起



),


feel(


感到


),


smell(


闻起来


),


taste(


尝起来


),

< p>
sound(


听起



),


seem(


似乎


)


等。如:






He


became


a


famous


doctor.



他成为了一名著名的医生。







The


apple


pie


tastes


really


delicious.



苹果派吃起来真是好


吃。






4.


主语


+


谓语


+


间接宾语


+


直接宾语

< br>


[S+V+InO+DO]




这种句型中的及物动


词后跟双宾语,


既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。


也可以把间接宾语放在直


接宾语之后,但要加介词


for



to


。如:








My


aunt


bought


me


a


computer.


=


My


aunt


bought


a


compu


ter


for


me.


我阿姨买给我一台电脑。






I


passed


him


the


salt.


=


I


passed


the


salt


to


him.



我把盐递给他。






5.


主 语


+


谓语


+


宾 语


+


宾语补足语



[S+V+O+OC]



如:


We


must


keep


our


school


clean.



我们必须保持我们的学校清


洁。





1.


Subject


(


主语


)




Verb


(


谓语


)




这种句型中的动词大多是不及


物动词 ,这些动词常见的有:


appear,


apologize,arrive,


come,


die,


disappear,


exist,


fall,


h


appen,


rise,


等等。如:





The


students


work


very


hard.


学生们学


习很努力。




She


apologized


to


me


again.


她再次向我道


歉。





The


accident


happened


yesterday


evening.


事故是昨天晚上发


生的。





2.


Subject


(


主语


)




Link.


V(


系动词


)




Predicate(


表语


)




种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列 两类:







(1)


表示状态的连系动词。这些词 有:


be,


look,


seem,


appear,


smell,


taste,


sound,


keep,


remain,


等等。如:




Several


players


lay


flat


on


the


playground.


几个 队


员平躺在操场上。






We


should


remain


modest


and


prudent


any


time.


我们在任何时候都


应该保持谦虚谨慎。





This


kind


of


food


tastes


terrible.


这 种食物吃起来很糟糕。






The


picture


looks


more


beautiful


at


a


certain


distance.


这幅画


在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。







(2)


表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:


become,


get,


grow,


turn,


go,


come,


prove,


等等。如:





Spring


comes.


It


is


getting


warmer


and


warmer.


春天到了,天 气变


得越来越暖和。





Don't


have


the


food.


It


has


gone


bad.


不要吃那种食物,已经变质


了。





The


facts


prove


true.


事实证明是正确的。






3.


Subject(


主语


)




Verb


(


谓语


)




Object


(


宾语


)




这种句型


中的动词应为及物动词或者 可以后接宾语的动词短语。


同时,


句子中有时含有与

< p>
宾语有关的状语。


作宾语的成分常是:


名词、


代词、


动词不定式、


动名词或从句。


如:





You


can


put


the


books


in


your


bag.


你可以把书放在书包里。






Farmers


in


our


area


grow


lots


of


vegetables.


我们这 里的农民种很


多种蔬菜。






She


lost


the


chance


to


make


her


appearance


on


the


stage.


她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。

< br>



I


prefer


to


make


web


pages.


我更喜欢做网页。





4.


S ubject(


主语


)



Verb(


谓语


)




Indirect


object(


间接宾语


)



Dir ect


object


(


直接宾语


)



这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,

直接


宾语常常指“物”。


如:





Yesterday


her


father


bought


her


a


bicycle


as


a


bir


thday


present.


昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。





The


old


man


is


telling


the


children


stories


in


the


Long

< p>
March.


老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。




这种句型还可转换为其他两种句


型:



1)


动词





宾语





for


sb.




2)


动词





宾语+


to


sb.


。如:





Please


show


me


your


picture.


/Please


show


your


picture


to


m


e.



请把你的画给我看一下。






I'll


offer


you


a


good


chance


as


long


as


you


don’t



lose


h


eart.




I'll


offer


a


good


chance


for


you


as


long


as


you


don't


lose


heart.


只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的。





5.


S ubject(


主语


)



Verb


(


动词


)



Object


(


宾语


)



Complement(




)



这种句型中的宾语+



补语可统称为“ 复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是


名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。 如:






Keep


the


children


quiet,


please.


请让孩子们安静下来。





He


painted


the


wall


white.


他把墙漆成白色。






We


found


him


an


honest


person.


我们发 现他是一个诚实的人。






His


mother


told


him


not


to


play


on


the


street.


他母亲告诉他 不


要在街上玩。





注意:动词


have,


make,


let,


see,


hear,


notice,


feel,


observe,


wa tch


等后


面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带


to


。如:






The


boss


made


him


do


the


work


all


day.


老板让他整天做那项 工


作。





1




主语


+


不及物动词





例:


It


is


raining


heavily.



/My


tooth


aches.




2




主语



+


及物动词



+


宾语





例:


They


enjoy


the


play.



/I


met


John


in


the


street


yesterday.


3


< br>


主语



+


系动词



+


表语





例:


He


is


out.



/Jenny


is


fine.



/It


looks


like


rain,


soon.


4


主语



+


及物动词



+


双宾语





例:


He


bought


her


a


watch.



/The


sun


gives


us


light.




注意:双宾语一个指人(即间接宾 语),另一个指物(即直接宾语)。一般间接


宾语位于直接宾语的前面,


有时它们也可交换位置,


这是需要在间接宾语的前面


加 上介词


to



for






常见的双宾语结构:


bring


sb.


sth


(bring


sth


to


sb).


give


sb.


sth


(give


sth


t


o


sb.)




hand


sb.


sth


(hand


sth


to


sb.)


leave


sb.


sth


(leave



sb)




lend


sb.


sth


(lend


sth


to


sb)


pass


sb


sth


(pass


sth


to


s


b)




return


sb.


sth


(return


sth


to


sb)


send


sb


sth


(send


sth


t


o


sb)




show


sb


sth


(show


sth.


to


sb.)


tell


sb


sth


(tell


sth


to


sb


)




write


sb


sth


(write


sth


to


sb


)


buy


sb


sth


(buy


sth


for



sb


)




do


sb


sth


(do


sth


for


sb


)



get


sb


sth


(get


sth


for


sb


)





make


sb.


sth


(make


sth


for


sb)



pay


sb.


sth


(pay


sth


for


sb)




sing


sb


sth


(sing


sth


for


sb


)





5




主语



+


及物动词



+


宾语



+


补足语





例:


She


found


him


a


very


clever


student.



/


I


make


it


a


rule



to


get


up


early


in


the


morning.




S



V



P







The


bike


is


new.



/The


map


is


on


the


wall.




第二种



主语+不及物动词




S



V




He


swims.


第三种



主语+及物动词+宾语



< p>
S



V



O



Children


often


sing


this


song.





第四种



主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语




S



V



IO



DO





She


showed


her


friends


all


her


pictures.





第五种



主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语




S



V


+< /p>


O



C





week/month/year/... after next;


on/in +


将来的时间;


in+


一段时间;


. Will they live a five-star hotel?


2 is/am/are+going to+V


原形,表示计划打算做什么事情。



陈述句:


I



m going to go to Kongkong by air.


否定句


:We are not going to buy a house here.



般疑问句


:Are they going to change their jobs?


特殊疑问句


:How are you going to tell him?


过去


将来时




was/were going to +V


原形



多用在宾语从句中



在过去将会发生的动作。



陈述句:


I was going to buy a computer.


They told me that they were not going to


goabroad.


否定句


:I was not going to buy a computer.


任何人称


+would +V


原形



He said he would come in in Shanghai.

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