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Roman Cultural Influence on Britain

After the Roman Empire

’

s conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., the

presence of administrators, merchants, and troops on British soil, along with

the natural flow of ideas and goods from the rest of the empire, had an enormous

influence on life in the British Isles. Cultural influences were of three types:

the bringing of objects, the transfer of craft workers, and the introduction of

massive civil architecture. Many objects were not art in even the broadest sense

and comprised utilitarian items of clothing, utensils, and equipment. We should

not underestimate the social status associated with such mundane possessions

which had not previously been available. The flooding of Britain with red-gloss

pottery form Gaul (modern-day France), decorated with scenes from Classical

mythology, probably brought many into contact with the styles and artistic

concepts of the Greco-Roman world for the first time, whether or not the

symbolism was understood. Mass-produced goods were accompanied by fewer more

aesthetically impressive objects such as statuettes. Such pieces perhaps first

came with officials for their own religious worship; others were then acquired

by native leaders as diplomatic gifts or by purchase. Once seen by the natives,

such objects created a fashion which rapidly spread through the province.

In the most extreme instances, natives literally bought the whole package

of Roman culture. The Fishbourne villa, built in the third quarter of the first

century A.D., probably for the native client king Cogidubnus, amply illustrates

his Roman pretensions. It was constructed in the latest Italian style with