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托福语法试题及答案讲解
p>
托福语法试题
(
一
)
1. Frances
Perkins
,
_________ of the United States
cabinet
,
served
in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to
1945.
A. the first female member
B. was the first female member
C. the first female member who
D. of whom the first female member
答案:
A
分析:主语同位语结构。
B
中多了一个谓语
was
,因为后面
已经有一个谓语动词
served
,
一个句子中出现
2
个谓语且没有
连接词就一定错
; C
中
who
多余,
用法也
不正确
;D
中
of whom
多
余,不是定语从句,考的是同位语结构。
参考译文:
Frances Perkins
< br>,是美国内阁的第一为女性成员,
她从
1933
到
1945
年在内阁担任劳工部秘书。
2. When _________ to dough
and heated
,
carbon dioxide is
released
,
causing the dough to rise.
A.
is added baking powder
B. added baking
powder is
C. is baking powder added
D. baking powder is added
答案:
D
分析:
W
hen
为状语从句引导词
;
语序应该为
正常语序,
A
,
C
错
;B
语序混乱,
明显应该用被动
形式,
而且有固定结构
add to.
p>
参考译文:
当把烘烤用粉加到面团里加热的时候,
< br>会释放出
二氧化碳,使得面团涨开。
3. _________ the percentage of
individuals with similar traits in
succeeding
generations
,
geneticists use the theory of
probability.
A. The calculation of
B. To calculate
C. Is
calculating
D. Calculated
答案:
B
分析:
to calculate
,这
里用不定式表示目的,前半句的逻辑
主语是
geneticis
ts
,
只有
B
符合要求
;A
中只有主语,
句子不完整
。
参考译文:
遗传学家运用概率的理论
来计算在后代中拥有相
似特点个体占有的百分比。
补充:
如同
A
的形式,
逗号前面就是一个名词短语,
然
而正确的句子里,
名词短语要么作为主语的同位语,
要么本身
是主语,
如
11
题。
否则就是脱离句子成分,
成为错误。
4.
Big-band
uaaz
relies
on
fixed
arrangements
,
where_______than one instrument playing
some of the parts
,
rather
than on
improvisation.
A. is more
B.
whenever more
C. there is more
D. more
答案:
C
p>
分析:
where
引导状语从句,后面缺主
谓。
参考译文:
大型乐队爵士依赖于固定
的安排,
其中演奏相同
部分音乐的乐器超过一个,而不是现声发
挥。
5. Because of _________
diversity
,
seven
separate groupings
or divisions of
algae have been established by botanists.
A. them
B. so that
C. those
D. their
答案:
D
分析:
t
hose
是泛指,这里应该用
their
来特指
seven separate
groupings
or divisions of algae.
参考译文:因为海藻们的不同特性
,植物学家把他们分成
7
个不同的组别或分支。
6.
Chromosomes
are
regarded
today
as
the
major
carriers
of
genetic material
,
_________ of DNA and various types of
protein.
A. consisting
B.
as to consist
C. consist
D.
which consisting
答案:
A
p>
分析:分词作状语。如果用
consist
的话,应该用个
conj.
后
面加个完
整的句子。
参考译文:
染色体现今被认为是主要的遗传物质携带者,
这
些遗传物质由
DNA
和各种各样的蛋白质组成。
7.
The
leopard
seal
is
the
only
pinniped
_________
preys
on
penguins and other seals.
A. that normally
B.
of which it normally
C. normally
D. that it normally
答案:
A
分析:
句
中出现
is
和
preys
两个谓语动词,
一定是个复合句
;
< br>用
that
引导定语从句,
pi
nniped
为先行词,
that
后为
不完整句。
参考译文:
美洲虎海豹是仅有的捕食企鹅和其他海豹的鳍足
类动物。
8. _________ nova means
new
,
novas are
actually stars that
have existed for a
long time and suddenly flare into brilliance.
A. That
B. Why
C. Although
D. It is
答案:
C
分析:空格后有
< br>2
个完整句,空格处需要一个
conj.
p>
参考译文:尽管
nova
意味着新的,但其
实新星们是存在了
很久而突然闪耀出光辉的恒星。
9.
Because
Mars
is
farther
from
the
Sun
than
_________
,
Mars takes longer to complete a
revolution.
A. Earth is
B.
is from Earth
C. what is Earth
D. is it Earth
答案:
A
分析:比较结构的对称性:
Mars is farther
than Earth is
,
p>
is
后省略了
from the Sun
p>
参考译文:
因为火星比地球离太阳要远,
火
星绕太阳转一圈
的时间要比地球长。
10.
A social system is _________ of social relations
that draws
the behavior of its members
toward the core values of the group.
A.
a complex network
B. how a
complex network
C. a complex
network and
D. a network that is
complex
答案:
A
分析:
缺宾语。
B
中的从句只有主语,句子不完整,错
;C
中
and
作为连词,后面
缺谓语,错
;D
错,因为
of
前应该为名词。
参考译文:
社会系统就是一个社会关系的复杂网络,
这个网
络里把成员的
行为方式向核心价值观靠拢。
托福语
法试题
(
二
)
1. Bubbles
,
flaws
,
and other irregularities diffuse the
light
that passes through stained
glass
,
_________
the glass sparkle.
A. which making
B. and making
C. making
D. to making
答案:
C
p>
分析:空格前的句子结构完整,这里的分词作状语。
A
中用
which
来引导非限制性定语从句,而句中无
谓语,错
;B
中
and
作
为连接词,而
and
后的句
子不完整,没有谓语,错
;D
错,不定
式的结构应该是
to do.
参考译文:
气泡,
裂纹和其他的不规则会使光线穿过受损的
玻璃时发散开
,使得玻
?
辽练⒐狻
?BR
补充:
stained
glass
常指
教堂的彩色玻璃
2. Fog is common near ________ _ inland
bodies of water and
along coasts in
temperate zones.
A. there are
large
B. large
C.
either large
D. where large
答案:
B
分析:
A
使得句中出现两个谓语动词,
且中间无连接词,
错
;C
应该是
either
or
结构,
但句中没有出现
or;D<
/p>
中
where
引导的句子
不完整,错。
参考译文:
雾通常在靠近大型内陆水体和沿着温和地带边缘
的地方发生。
3. The portrayal of everyday life in
the objects of folk art makes
it
_________ valuable source of history.
A.
and a
B. so that a
C.
a
D. is a
答案:
C
p>
分析:
make
结构,
make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.
参考译文:
描述日常生活的民间艺术品使它们本身成为有价
值的历史来源。
4. _______ by the United States
governments Bureau of Labor
Statistics
,
the
Consumer
Price
Index
compares
current
costs
of
goods
and services with past costs.
A.
To prepare
B. As it prepared
C. When preparation
D.
Prepared
答案:
D
分析:
由后半句可以知道句子的逻辑主语应该是
Consumer
Price
Index
,
而且空格后是
by
,所以应该用被动形式,只能选
D.
参考译文:消费者价格索引是美国政府劳工统计部完成的,<
/p>
它把现在的物品价格跟以前的做了比较。
5.
_________
carries
the
genes
,
which
determine
the
hereditary
characteristics of the cell or organism.
A. The chromosome
B.
The chromosome that
C. Whereas the
chromosome
D. There is a chromosome
答案:
A
分析:
该
句是非限制性定语从句,
前半句已经有谓语和宾语,
缺主语,选
A.
参考译文:
染色体携带了遗传物质,
这些遗传物质决定了细
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