-
2015
年托福考试专题
托福
词汇题精选及参考答案
001. Most of these leaders were
involved in
public life as reformers,
activists working for
women's right to
vote, or authors, and were not
representative
at all of the
great of ordinary
women.
The
word
meaning to which of
following?
(A) typical
(B) satisfied
(C) supportive
(D) distinctive
002. In the United States, Louis
Comfort
Tiffany (1843-1933) was the
most noted
exponent of this style,
producing a great variety
of glass
forms and surfaces, which were widely
copied in their time and are highly
prized
today.
The word
which of
following?
(A) valued
(B) universal
(C) uncommon
(D) preserved
003. The Art Nouveau style was a major
force
in the decorative arts from 1895
until 1915,
although its influence
continued throughout
the mid-1920's. It
was eventually to be
overtaken
by a new school of
thought known
as Functionalism that had
been present since
the turn of the
century.
The word
which of
following?
(A) surpassed
(B) inclined
(C) expressed
(D) applied
004.
During most of their lives, surge glaciers
behave like normal glaciers, traveling
perhaps
only a couple of inches per
day. However, at
intervals
of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers
move
forward up to 100 times faster than usual.
The word
which of
following?
(A) records
(B) speeds
(C) distances
(D) periods
005.
The increasing water pressure under the
glacier might lift it off its bed,
overcoming the
friction between ice and
rock, thus
freeing
the
glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill
surge
glaciers also might be influenced
by the climate,
volcanic heat, or
earthquakes.
The word
which
of following?
(A) pushing
(B) releasing
(C)
strengthening
(D) draining
006. A flood of ice would then surge
into the
Southern Sea. With the
continued rise in sea
level, more ice
would
plunge
into the ocean,
causing sea levels to rise even higher,
which in
turn would release more ice
and set in motion a
vicious cycle.
The word
which of
following?
(A) drop
(B) extend
(C) melt
(D) drift
007.
Group members look to instrumental
leaders to
leadership, on
the other hand, is leadership
that
emphasizes the
collective
well-being of a
social group's members.
The word
which of
following?
(A) necessary
(B) typical
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(C) group
(D)
particular
012. The ocean bottom --- a
region nearly 2. 5
times
greater than the total land area of the
008. They offer sympathy when someone
Earth --- is a vast frontier that even
today is
experiences difficulties or is
subjected to
largely unexplored and
uncharted, until about a
discipline,
are quick to lighten a serious
century
ago, the deep-ocean floor was
moment
with humor, and try to
resolve
issues
completely
inaccessible
, hidden beneath
that threaten to divide the group.
waters averaging over 3,600 meters
deep.
The word
The word
which of following?
to which of following?
(A) avoid repeating
(A)
unrecognizable
(B) talk about
(B) unreachable
(C) avoid
thinking about
(C) unusable
(D) find a solution for
(D)
unsafe
009.
Thousands of tons were extracted before
013. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar
1875, when it was first
noticed
that the tar
Challenger, was able to maintain a
steady
contained fossil remains. Major
excavations
position on the ocean's
surface and drill in very
were
undertaken that established the
deep
waters,
extracting
samples
of sediments
significance of this
remarkable site.
and rock from the
ocean floor.
The word
The
word
which of following?
which of following?
(A) predicted
(A) breaking
(B) announced
(B) locating
(C) corrected
(C) removing
(D) observed
(D) analyzing
010. Since
then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5
014. Today, largely on the
strength
of
million from vertebrates, 2.5 million
from
evidence gathered during the
Glomar
invertebrates, have been
recovered, often in
Challenger's
voyages, nearly all earth scientists
densely concentrated
tangled
masses.
agree on the theories of plate
tectonics and
The word
continental drift that explain many of
the
which of following?
geological processes that shape the
Earth.
(A) buried beneath
The word
(B) twisted
together
which of following?
(C) quickly formed
(A) basis
(D) easily dated
(B) purpose
(C) discovery
011. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to
the surface,
(D) endurance
especially in the summer, and forms
shallow
puddles that would
often have been
015. For every three
Canadians in 1945, there
concealed
by leaves and
dust.
were over five in 1966. In
September 1966
The word
Canada's population passed the 20
million
which of following?
mark. Most of this
surging
growth came from
(A) highlighted
natural
increase.
(B) covered
The
word
(C) transformed
which
of following?
(D)
contaminated
(A) new
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(B) extra
which of
following?
(C) accelerating
(A) Proponents
(D)
surprising
(B) Merchants
(C) Inspectors
016. When the
prairies were being settled,
(D)
Consumers
undoubtedly, the good
economic conditions of
the
1950's supported a growth in the
020.
There are numerous
unsubstantiated
population,
but the expansion also derived
reports
that natural vitamins are superior to
from a
trend
toward earlier marriages and an
synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs
are
increase in the average size of
families.
nutritionally superior to
unfertilized eggs, that
The word
untreated grains are better than
fumigated
which of
following?
grains, and the
like.
(A) tendency
The word
(B) aim
meaning to which of
following?
(C) growth
(A) unbelievable
(D)
directive
(B) uncontested
(C) unpopular
017. After the
peak
year of 1957, the birth
rate
(D) unverified
in
Canada began to decline. It continued falling
until in 1966, it stood at
the lowest level in 25
021. But in many
cases consumers are misled if
years.
they believe organic foods can
maintain
The word
health and provide better nutritional
quality
which of following?
than conventionally grown foods. So
there is
(A) pointed
real
cause for concern if consumers,
(B)
dismal
particularly those with limited
incomes,
(C) mountain
distrust the regular food supply and
buy only
(D) maximum
expensive organic foods instead.
The word
018.
Although the growth in Canada's
which
of following?
population had
slowed down by 1966 (the
(A) improve
increase the first half of the 1960's
was only
(B) monitor
nine
percent) , another large population wave
(C) preserve
was coming over
the horizon. It would be
(D) restore
composed of the children who were born
during the period of the
high birth rate
prior
022.
In addition, there were performers and
to
1957.
since
considerable
importance was
attached
The phrase
to
avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites,
which of following?
religious leaders usually assumed that
task.
(A) behind
The word
(B) since
to which of
following?
(C) during
(A) thoughtful
(D) preceding
(B) substantial
(C) relational
019.
Advocates
of organic foods
--- a term
(D) ceremonial
whose meaning varies greatly ---
frequently
proclaim that
such products are safer and more
023.
In addition, there were performers and
nutritious than others.
since considerable importance was
attached to
The word
avoiding mistakes in the
enactment
of rites,
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religious leaders usually assumed that
task.
unbroken columns that
extend
from the top of
The
word
a plant to its roots. The same
forces that create
which of
following?
surface tension
in any sample of water are
(A)
establishment
responsible for the
maintenance of these
(B) performance
unbroken columns of water.
(C) authorization
The word
(D) season
which of
following?
(A)
stretch
024.
Staggering
tasks confronted
the people
(B) branch
of the
United States, North and South, when
(C) increase
the Civil War
ended. About a million and a half
(D)
rotate
soldiers from both sides had to
be demobilized,
readjusted
to civilian life, and reabsorbed by
028. By opening
vast
areas of unoccupied
land
the devastated economy.
for residential expansion, the
omnibuses, horse
The word
railways, commuter trains, and electric
trolleys
which of following?
pulled settled regions outward two to
four
(A) specialized
times
more distant from city centers than they
(B) confusing
were in the
premodern era.
(C) various
The word
(D) overwhelming
of following?
(A) large
025. About a
million and a half soldiers from
(B)
basic
both sides had to be demobilized,
readjusted to
(C) new
civilian life, and reabsorbed by the
devastated
(D)
urban
economy.
The word
029. The new
accessibility of land around the
which
of following?
periphery of
almost every major city
sparked
(A)
developing
an explosion of real estate
development and
(B) ruined
fueled what we now know as urban
sprawl.
(C) complicated
Between 1890 and 1920, for example,
some
(D) fragile
250,000 new
residential lots were recorded
within the borders of Chicago, most of
them
026. Some botanists hypothesized
that the
located in outlying areas.
living cells of plants acted as pumps.
But many
The word
experiments
demonstrated
that the stems
of
which of following?
plants in which all the cells are
killed can still
(A) brought about
move water to appreciable heights.
(B) surrounded
The word
(C) sent out
meaning to
which of following?
(D)
followed
(A) ignored
(B) showed
030. Anxious to
take advantage of the
(C) disguised
possibilities of commuting, real estate
(D) distinguished
developers
added 800,000
potential
building
sites to the
Chicago region in just thirty
years-
027. As water is lost from the
surface of the
lots that could have
housed five to six million
leaves, a
negative pressure, or tension, is
people.
created. The
evaporated water is replaced by
The
word
water moving from inside the plant
in
which of following?
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(A) certain
century.
(B) popular
The words
(C) improved
in meaning to
(D) possible
(A) a
suggestion
(B) an
improvement
031. The quality of
preservation is
(C) a dominance
outstanding
, but what is
even more
(D) a development
impressive is the number of ichthyosaur
fossils
containing
preserved embryos.
035. A series of
mechanical improvements
The word
continuing well into the nineteenth
century,
to which of
following?
including the
introduction of pedals to sustain
(A)
extensive
tone or to soften it, the
perfection of a metal
(B) surprising
frame, and steel wire of the finest
quality,
(C) vertical
finally produced an instrument capable
of
(D) excellent
myriad
tonal effects from
the most delicate
harmonies
to an almost orchestral fullness of
032. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have
been
sound, from a liquid, singing tone
to a ship,
reported from 6 different
levels of the shale in a
percussive
brilliance.
small area around
Holzamden, suggesting that
The word
a specific
site
was used by large numbers of
which of
following?
ichthyosaurs
repeatedly over time.
(A) noticeable
The word
(B) many
of following?
(C)
loud
(A) example
(D) unusual
(B) location
(C)
development
036. Each one was virtually
a stone town,
(D) characteristic
which is why the Spanish would later
call them
pueblos, the
Spanish word for towns. These
033. The
quality of preservation is almost
pueblos represent one of the
Anasazis'
unmatched, and
quarry operations have been
supreme
achievements. At
least a dozen large
carried out
carefully with an awareness of the
stone houses took shape below the
bluffs of
value of the fossils. But
these factors do not
Chiaco Canyon in
northwest New Mexico.
account
for
the interesting question of how
The word
there came to be
such a concentration of
which of
following?
pregnant
ichthyosaurs in a particular place very
(A) most common
close to
their time of giving birth.
(B) most
outstanding
The phrase
(C)
most expensive
to which of
following?
(D) most
convenient
(A) record
(B) describe
037. They
functioned as sanctuaries where the
(C)
equal
elders met to plan festivals,
perform ritual
(D) explain
dances,
settle
pueblo affairs, and impart tribal
lore to the younger generation.
034. In the seventeenth century the
organ, the
The word
clavichord, and the harpsichord became
the
which of following?
chief instruments of the keyboard
group, a
(A) sink
supremacy
they maintained
until the piano
(B) decide
supplanted them at the end of the
eighteenth
(C) clarify
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(D) locate
which of
following?
(A)
adapts to
038. Then, to connect the
pueblos and to give
(B) benefits from
access to the surrounding tableland,
the
(C) consists of
architects laid out a system of public
roads with
(D) focuses on
stone staircases for
ascending
cliff faces.
The word
042.
These plates move over the semimolten
which of following?
lower mantle to produce all of the
major
(A) arriving at
topographical features of the Earth.
Active
(B) carving
zones
where
intense
deformation
occurs are
(C) connecting
confined to the narrow, interconnecting
(D) climbing
boundaries of
contact of the plates.
The
word
039. Within a very short time,
however, the
which of
following?
incongruity of
playing lively music to a
solemn
(A)
surface
film became apparent, and film
pianists began
(B) sudden
to
take some care in matching their pieces to
(C) rare
the mood of the
film.
(D) extreme
The word
which of
following?
043. New oceanic
crust is formed along one or
(A) simple
more
margins
of
each plate by material
(B) serious
issuing from deeper layers of the
Earth's crust,
(C) short
for
example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at
(D) silent
midocean ridges.
The word
040.
Certain films had music especially
which of following?
composed
for them. The most
famous of
(A) edges
these
early special
scores
was
that composed
(B) peaks
and
arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a
(C) interiors
Nation, which
was released in 1915.
(D) distances
The word
which
of following?
044. If at
such a spreading contact the two
(A)
selected
plates
support
continents, a rift
is formed that
(B) combined
will gradually widen and become flooded
by the
(C) played
sea. The
Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the
(D) created
American and
Afro-European plates move in
The word
opposite directions.
which
of following?
The word
(A) totals
which of
following?
(B) successes
(A) separate
(C) musical
compositions
(B) create
(D)
groups of musicians
(C) reduce
(D) hold
041.
The Earth
comprises
three
principal
layers: the
dense, iron-rich core, the mantle
045.
Coincident with concerns about the
made
of silicate rocks that are semimolten at
accelerating loss of species and
habitats has
depth, and the thin,
solid-surface crust.
been a growing
appreciation
of the
The word
importance of
biological diversity, the number
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of species in a particular ecosystem,
to the
about the little sea cucumber
seems unusual.
health of the Earth and
human well-being.
What else can be said
about a
bizarre
animal
The word
that, among other
eccentricities, eats mud,
to which of
following?
feeds almost
continuously day and night but
(A)
ignorance
can live without eating for
long periods, and
(B) recognition
can be poisonous but is considered
supremely
(C) tolerance
edible by gourmets?
(D)
forgiveness
The phrase
which of following?
046. An alien exploring Earth would
probably
(A) odd
give
priority to the planet's dominant,
most-
(B) marine
distinctive
feature-the ocean. Humans have a
(C)
simple
bias
toward land that
sometimes gets in the
(D) rare
way of truly examining global issues.
The word
050.
Its major enemies are fish and crabs,
of following?
when attacked, it squirts all its
internal organs
(A) concern
into the water. It also
casts off
attached
(B) disadvantage
structures
such as tentacles. The sea cucumber
(C)
attitude
will eviscerate and regenerate
itself if it is
(D) prejudice
attacked or even touched; it will do
the same if
the surrounding
water temperature is too high
047. The
prevailing
winds in the
Great Basin
or if the water becomes too
polluted.
are from the west. Warm,
moist air from the
The phrase
Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it
crosses the
which of
following?
Sierra Nevada.
(A) grows again
The word
(B) grabs
which of
following?
(C) gets rid of
(A) most frequent
(D) uses
as a weapon
(B) occasional
(C) gentle
051. A folk
culture is small, isolated, cohesive,
(D) most dangerous
conservative, nearly self-sufficient
group that is
homogeneous
in custom and
race, with a
048. There seem to have
been several periods
strong family or
clan structure and highly
within the
last tens of thousands of years when
developed rituals.
water
accumulated
in these basins.
The rise
The word
and fall
of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to
meaning to which of
following?
the advances and
retreats of the great ice sheets
(A)
uniform
that covered much of the
northern part of the
(B) general
North American continent during those
times.
(C) primitive
The
word
(D) traditional
to
which of following?
(A) dried
052. Unaltered
folk cultures no longer exist in
(B)
flooded
industrialized countries such
as the United
(C) collected
States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest
(D) evaporated
modern
equivalent in Anglo-America is the
Amish, a German American farming sect
that
049. All living creature,
especially human
largely
renounces
the products and labor
beings, have their peculiarities, but
everything
saving devices of the
industrial age.
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The phrase
programs and
video equipment capable of
meaning to
which of following?
transforming
raw
weather data into words,
(A) generally
rejects
symbols, and vivid graphic
displays that
(B) greatly modifies
forecasters can interpret easily and
quickly.
(C) loudly declares
The word
(D) often
criticizes
of following?
(A) stormy
053.
Secular institutions, of control such as the
(B) inaccurate
police and
army take the place of religion and
(C)
uncooked
family in maintaining order,
and a money-
(D) unprocessed
based economy
prevails
. Because of these
contrasts,
057. People in
the United States in the
different from
nineteenth century were haunted by the
The word
prospect
that unprecedented change in the
which
of following?
nation's
economy would bring social chaos.
(A)
dominates
The word
(B)
provides
which of following?
(C) develops
(A) regret
(D) invests
(B) possibility
(C) theory
054.
Conventional computer models of the
(D)
circumstance
atmosphere have limited
value in predicting
short-
lived local storms like the Edmonton
058. Although the birth rate continued
to
tornado, because the available
weather data are
decline from its high
level of the eighteenth and
generally
not detailed enough to allow
early
nineteenth century, the population
computers to discern the
subtle
atmospheric
roughly
doubled every
generation during the
changes that
precede these storms.
rest of the
nineteenth centuries. As the
The word
population grew, its makeup also
changed.
which of following?
The word
(A) complex
which of following?
(B) regular
(A) harshly
(C) imagined
(B)
surprisingly
(D) slight
(C)
slowly
(D) approximately
055. Communications satellites can
transmit
data around the
world cheaply and
059. Rapid
industrialization and increased
instantaneously, and modern computers
can
geographic mobility in the
nineteenth century
quickly
compile
and analyzing this
large
had special implications for
women because
volume of weather
information.
these changes tended to
magnify
social
The word
distinctions
. As the roles
men and women
which of
following?
played in society
became more rigidly defined,
(A) put
together
so did the roles they played
in the home.
(B) look up
The
word
(C) pile high
which of
following?
(D) work over
(A) solve
(B)
explain
056. Meteorologists and
computer scientists
(C) analyze
now work together to design computer
(D) increase
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(B) undeveloped
The word
(C) necessary
to which of following?
(D) uninteresting
(A)
differences
(B) classes
064. Aside from perpetuating itself,
the
sole
(C)
accomplishments
purpose of the American
Academy and
(D) characteristics
Institute of Arts and Letters is to
and sustain an
interest
060. In science, a theory is a
reasonable
and art.
explanation of observed events that are
The word
related.
A theory often involves an imaginary
of
following?
model that helps
scientists picture the way an
(A) only
observed event could be produced.
(B) honorable
The word
(C) common
which of
following?
(D) official
(A) connected
(B) described
065. One award
subsidizes
a promising
(C) completed
American
writer's visit to Rome. There is even
(D) identified
an award for
a very good work of fiction that
failed commercially-once won by the
young
061. If observations confirm the
scientists'
John Updike for The
Poorhouse Fair and, more
predictions,
the theory is
supported.
recently, by Alice Walker for In Love
and
The word
Trouble.
which of following?
The word
(A) finished
which of following?
(B) adjusted
(A) assures
(C) investigated
(B)
finances
(D) upheld
(C)
schedules
(D) publishes
062. The ice trade grew with the growth
of
cities. Ice was used in
hotels, taverns, and
066. Committee
membership
rotates
every
hospitals, and by some
forward-looking
city
year, so that new voices and opinions
are
dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish,
and butter.
constantly heard.
The phrase
The word
meaning to which of
following?
which of
following?
(A) progressive
(A) alternates
(B) popular
(B) participates
(C) thrifty
(C) decides
(D) well-
established
(D) meets
063. Making an efficient
icebox was not as easy
067. One
important line of evidence comes
as we
might now suppose. In the early
from
flaking patterns of stone cores used in
nineteenth century, the knowledge of
the
tool making:
implements
flaked with a
physics of heat, which was essential to
a science
clockwise motion (indicating
a right-handed
of refrigeration, was
rudimentary.
toolmaker) can be distinguished from
hose
The word
flaked with a
counter-clockwise rotation
to which of
following?
(indicating a
left-handed toolmaker) .
(A) growing
The word
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to which of following?
larvae.
(A) tools
The word
(B) designs
which of following?
(C) examples
(A) pierce
(D) pieces
(B) pinch
(C) surround
068. Even scratches found on fossil
human
(D) cover
teeth offer
clues.
Ancient humans are
thought
to have cut meat
into strips by holding it
072. Orchids
are unique in having the most
between
their teeth and slicing it with stone
highly developed of all blossoms, in
which the
knives, as do the present-day
Inuit.
usual male and female
reproductive organs are
The word
fused
in a single structure
called the column.
which of
following?
The word
(A) solutions
which of
following?
(B) details
(A) combined
(C) damage
(B) hidden
(D) information
(C) fertilized
(D) produced
069. The
variation between the
hemispheres
corresponds to which side of the body
is used
073. To
lure
their pollinators from afar,
to perform specific activities. Such
studies, as
orchids use appropriately
intriguing shapes,
well as studies of
tool use, indicate that right-or
colors, and scents. At least 50
different
left-sided dominance is not
exclusive to
aromatic compounds have
been analyzed in the
modern Homo
sapiens.
orchid family, each blended to
attract one, or at
The word
most a few, species of insects or
birds.
to which of
following?
The word
(A) differences
of
following?
(B) sides
(A) attract
(C) activities
(B) recognize
(D) studies
(C) follow
(D)
help
070. Plants are
subject
to
attack and infection
by a remarkable variety of symbiotic
species
074. Once the right insect has
been attracted,
and have evolved a
diverse array of
some orchids present
all sorts of one-way
mechanisms
designed to frustrate the potential
obstacle courses to make sure it does
not leave
colonists.
until
pollen has been accurately
placed
or
The
phrase
removed.
which of
following?
The word
(A) susceptible to
which of
following?
(B) classified by
(A) estimated
(C) attractive
to
(B) measured
(D)
strengthened by
(C) deposited
(D) identified
071. The external surfaces of plants,
in addition
to being
covered by an epidermis and a waxy
075.
By such ingenious adaptations to specific
cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known
as
pollinators, orchids have avoided
the hazards
trichomes, which either
prevent feeding by
of rampant
crossbreeding in the wild, assuring
insects or may even
puncture
and kill insect
the survival of species as
discrete
identities.
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At the same time they have made
themselves
(C) irrationally
irresistible to collectors.
(D) unavoidably
The word
which of
following?
079. Deeply
philosophical historians such as
(A)
complicated
Henry Adams
lamented
the role that the
new
(B) separate
frenzy for
business was playing in eroding
(C)
inoffensive
traditional values. A
distrust of industry and
(D) functional
business continued among writers
throughout
the rest of the
nineteenth century and into the
076.
The public school system suddenly found
twentieth.
itself
overtaxed
. While the number
of
The word
schoolchildren
rose because of wartime and
which of
following?
postwar
conditions, these same conditions
(A)
complained about
made the schools even
less prepared to cope
(B) analyzed
with the flood.
(C)
explained
The word
(D)
reflected on
which of
following?
(A)
well prepared
080. One thinks of
melodramas, boys' books,
(B)
plentifully supplied
thrillers,
romances, and the like rather than
(C)
heavily burdened
novels of the
first rank
.
(D)
charged too much
The phrase
which of following?
077. Therefore, in the 1950's and
1960's, the
(A) largest category
baby boom hit an antiquated and
inadequate
(B)
highest quality
school system.
Consequently, the
(C) earliest writers
rhetoric
(D) most difficult
language
longer made sense; that is,
keeping youths aged
sixteen
and older out of the labor market by
081. These writers, who can genuinely
be said
keeping them in school could no
longer be a
to have created a genre,
the
high priority for an institution
unable to find
are now mostly
forgotten, their names having
space and
staff to teach younger children aged
faded from
memory.
five to sixteen.
The words
The word
meaning to
which of following?
(A) grew in
(A) deficient
(B) disappeared from
(B)
expanded
(C) remained in
(C)
innovative
(D) developed from
(D) specialized
082. The engine that became standard on
078. With the baby boom, the focus of
western steamboats was of a different
and
educators and of laymen interested
in
novel
design. It was the
work primarily of an
education
inevitably
turned toward the
lower
unsung hero of American
industrial progress,
grades and back to
basic academic skills and
Oliver Evans
(1755-1819) .
discipline.
The word
The word
which of following?
which of following?
(A) fictional
(A)
unwillingly
(B) intricate
(B) impartially
(C)
innovative
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(D) powerful
applying thin
layers of egg tempera paint (egg
yolk in which pigments are suspended)
with
083. The self-educated son of a
Delaware
small brushes.
farmer, Evans early became obsessed by
the
The word
possibilities
of mechanized production and
which of
following?
steam power. As
early as 1802 he was using a
(A)
decisive
stationary
steam
engine of high-pressure
(B) careful
design in his mill. Engines of this
type were not
(C) natural
unknown, but before Evans they were
generally
(D) unusual
considered impractical and dangerous.
The word
087.
The quick-drying tempera
demanded
which of
following?
that the artist
know exactly where each stroke
(A)
single
be placed before the brush met
the panel, and it
(B) fixed
required the use of fine brushes.
(C) locomotive
The word
(D) modified
which of
following?
(A)
ordered
084. In shallow western rivers
the weight of
(B) reported
vessel
and engine was
important; a heavy
(C) required
engine added to the problem of
navigation.
(D) questioned
The word
which
of following?
088. The
painter or master who is credited
(A)
fuel
with having created the painting
may have
(B) crew
designed
the work and overseen its production,
(C) cargo
but it is highly
unlikely that the artist's hand
(D)
craft
applied every stroke of the
brush. More likely,
numerous assistants, who had been
trained to
085. The key concepts
emerged
about 1957.
imitate
the artist's style,
applied the paint.
Townes and Arthur
Schawlow, then at Bell
The word
Telephone Laboratories, wrote a long
paper
which of following?
outlining
the conditions
needed to amplify
(A) copy
stimulated emission of visible light
waves.
(B) illustrate
The
word
(C) promote
which of
following?
(D) believe in
(A) increased
(B) concluded
089. On the
other hand, when it comes to
(C)
succeeded
substantive-particularly
behavioral-
(D) appeared
information, crows are less well known
than
The word
many
comparably
common species
and, for
which of following?
that matter, not a few quite uncommon
ones:
(A) assigning
the
endangered California condor, to cite one
(B) studying
obvious
example. There are practical reasons
(C) checking
for this.
(D) summarizing
The word
to which of
following?
086. On this
perfect surface, the artist would
(A)
interestingly
sketch a composition with
chalk, refine it with
(B) similarly
inks, and then begin the
deliberate
process of
(C) otherwise
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(D) sometimes
(D) posed
090. Being so
educable, individual birds have
094. In
Kingston, New York, for example,
markedly different interests and
inclinations
,
evidence has been uncovered that
indicates
strategies and scams.
that English goods were being smuggled
into
The word
that city at a
time when the Dutch
supposedly
which
of following?
controlled
trading in the area.
(A) tricks
The word
(B) opportunities
which of following?
(C) preferences
(A)
ruthlessly
(D) experiences
(B) tightly
(C)
barely
091. The confusion and
congestion of
(D) seemingly
individual citizens looking for their
letters was
itself enough
to discourage use of the mail. It is
095. And in Sacramento an excavation at
the
no wonder that, during the years of
these
site of a fashionable nineteenth-
century hotel
cumbersome
arrangements, private letter-
revealed
that garbage had been stashed in the
carrying and express businesses
developed.
building's basement
despite
sanitation
laws
The word
to the contrary.
to which of following?
The word
(A) burdensome
which of following?
(B) handsome
(A) city
(C) loathsome
(B) housing
(D) quarrelsome
(C) health
(D) trade
092.
But this delivery service was at first
confined
to cities, and free
home delivery
096. When Jules Verne
wrote Journey to the
became a mark of
urbanism. As late as 1887, a
Center of
the Earth in 1864, there were many
town
had to have 10,000 people to be eligible
conflicting
theories about
the nature of the
for free home
delivery.
Earth's interior. Some
geologists thought that it
The word
contained a highly compressed ball of
which of following?
incandescent gas, while others
suspected that it
(A) granted
consisted of separate shells, each made
of a
(B) scheduled
different
material.
(C) limited
The
word
(D) recommended
which
of following?
(A) controlling
093. They
were, by training, social scientists,
(B) outdated
not historians,
and their work tended to reflect
(C)
opposing
this bias. The questions they
framed
and the
(D) important
techniques
they used were designed to help
them understand, as scientists, how
people
097. Beyond a depth of around
2,900
behaved.
kilometers, a
great change takes place and the
The
word
mantle
gives way
to
the core. Some seismic
which of following?
waves cannot pass through the core and
others
are bent by it. From
this and other evidence,
(B) read
geologists conclude that the outer core
is
(C) avoided
probably
liquid, with a solid center. It is almost
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certainly made of iron, mixed with
smaller
The word
amount of
other elements such as nickel.
which of
following?
The phrase
(A) increased
meaning to
which of following?
(B)
constructed
(A) runs along
(C) deepened
(B) rubs
against
(D) measured
(C)
turns into
(D) floats on
102. The answer
lay in a resource that
098. Although
scientists can
speculate
about
unknowing Americans had trampled
underfoot
its nature, neither humans
nor machines will
in their haste to
cross the
ever be able to visit it.
Desert
The word
barren.
In the eastern parts
of the United
which of
following?
States, the
preferred grass for forage was a
(A)
report
cultivated plant.
(B)
learn
The word
(C) worry
which of following?
(D) hypothesize
(A) lonely
(B) dangerous
099. Farmers could get better prices
for their
(C) uncomfortable
crops if the
alternative
existed of
sending
(D) infertile
them
directly eastward to market, and
merchants could sell larger quantities
of their
103. In the eastern parts of
the United States,
manufactured goods
if these could be
the
preferred
grass for forage
was a cultivated
transported more
directly and more
plant. It grew well
with enough rain, then when
economically to the west.
cut and stored it would cure and become
The word
nourishing hay for
winter feed.
which of
following?
The word
(A) option
which of
following?
(B) transition
(A) ordinary
(C) intention
(B) available
(D)
authorization
(C) required
(D) favored
100. The
distance was more than 350 miles,
and there were ridges to cross and a
wilderness
104. They were not juicy
like the cultivated
of woods and swamps
to
penetrate.
eastern grasses, but had short,
hard
stems.
The
word
The word
which of
following?
which of
following?
(A) cut down
(A) firm
(B) go through
(B) severe
(C) fill up
(C) difficult
(D) take over
(D) bitter
101. The range of the New York canal
system
105. Nevertheless, most domestic
architecture
was still further
extended
when the states of
of the first three-quarters of the
eighteenth
Ohio and Indiana, inspired
by the success of
century displays a
wide
divergence
of taste
the Erie Canal, provided water
connections
and freedom of application
of the rules laid
between Lake Erie and
the Ohio River.
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down in these books.
(A)
unplanned
The word
(B)
unusual
which of following?
(C) lengthy
(A) description
(D) lively
(B) development
(C) difference
109. Education, then, is a very broad,
inclusive
(D) display
term.
It is should be an
integral
part of one's
entire life.
106. New England still favored wood,
though
The word
brick houses
became common in Boston and
which of
following?
other towns,
where the danger of fire gave an
(A) an
equitable
impetus to the use of more
durable
material.
(B) a profitable
A few
houses in New England were built of
(C)
a pleasant
stone, but only in
Pennsylvania and adjacent
(D) an
essential
areas was stone widely used
in
dwellings
.
The word
110. For example,
the edge of the Pacific Ocean
which of
following?
has been called
the
(A) attractive
many
volcanic eruptions and earthquakes
(B)
expensive
happen there. Before the
1960's, geologists
(C) refined
could not explain why active volcanoes
and
(D) long-lasting
strong
earthquakes were
concentrated
in that
region.
The word
The word
which of
following?
to which of
following?
(A) houses
(A) allowed
(B) towns
(B)clustered
(C)
outbuildings
(C) exploded
(D) rural areas
(D)
strengthened
107. Doorways were larger and more
decorative.
111. In the United States
in the early 1800's,
Fireplaces became
decorative features of rooms.
individual state governments had more
effect
Walls were
made of plaster or wood, sometimes
on
the economy than did the federal
elaborately
paneled.
government. States chartered
manufacturing,
The word
banking, mining, and transportation
firms and
to which of
following?
participated in
the construction of various
(A) done in
great detail
internal improvements such
as canals,
(B) put together carefully
turnpikes, and railroads.
(C) using many colors
The
word
(D) reinforced structurally
which of following?
(A) value
108.
Whereas schooling has a certain
(B)
argument
predictability, education
quite often produces
(C) influence
surprises. A
chance
conversation with
(D) restraint
stranger may
lead a person to discover how
little is known of other religions.
People are
112. The states encouraged
internal
engaged in education from
infancy on.
improvements in two
distinct
ways: first, by
The word
actually
establishing state companies to build
which of following?
such improvements; second, by providing
part
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of the capital for mixed public-private
116. It turns out that some fossils can
be
companies setting out to make a
profit.
extracted
from these
sediments by putting the
The word
rocks in an acid bath. The technique
has
which of following?
uncovered new evidence from sediments
that
(A) separate
were
deposited near the shores of the ancient
(B) innovative
oceans-plant
microfossils and microscopic
(C)
alarming
pieces of small animals.
(D) provocative
The word
which of
following?
113. Finally,
state governments experimented
(A)
located
with direct labor and business
regulation
(B) preserved
designed to help the individual laborer
or
(C) removed
consumer,
including
setting
maximum
limits
(D) studied
on hours
of work and restrictions on price-
fixing by businesses.
117.
The technique has uncovered new evidence
The word
from sediments that
were deposited near the
which of
following?
shores of the
ancient oceans-plant microfossils
(A)
discussing
and microscopic pieces of
small animals. In
(B) analyzing
many
instances
the specimens are less than
(C)
establishing
one-tenth of a millimeter
in diameter.
(D) avoiding
The word
which
of following?
114. Although
the states dominated economic
(A)
methods
activity during this period,
the federal
(B) processes
government was not inactive. Its goals
were the
(C) cases
facilitation of western settlement and
the
(D) reasons
development
of native industries. Toward these
ends
the federal government
pursued several
118. In many instances
the specimens are less
courses of
action.
than one-tenth of a millimeter
in diameter.
The word
Although they were
entombed
in the rocks for
of following?
hundreds of millions of years, many of
the
(A) benefits
fossils
consist of the organic remains of the
(B) decisions
organism.
(C) services
The word
(D) goals
which of
following?
(A)
crushed
115. What forms of life were
able to make such
(B) trapped
a
drastic
change
in lifestyle? The traditional
(C)
produced
view of the first terrestrial
organisms is based
(D) excavated
on mega fossils-relatively large
specimens of
essentially
whole plants and animals.
119. Citizens
of prosperous, essentially middle-
The
word
class republics --- whether
ancient Romans,
which of
following?
seventeenth-
century Dutch burghers, or
(A)
widespread
nineteenth-century Americans
--- have always
(B) radical
shown a
marked
taste for portraiture.
(C) progressive
The word
(D) risky
which of following?
(A) pronounced
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(B) fortunate
manufacturing,
and trade and distribution.
(C)
understandable
The word
(D)
mysterious
which of
following?
(A)
fields
120. In 1839 the daguerreotype
was introduced
(B) locations
to America,
ushering
in
the age of
(C)
organizations
photography, and within a
generation the new
(D) occupations
invention put an end to the popularity
of
painted portraits. Once
again an original
123. The development
of the railroad and
portrait became a
luxury, commissioned by the
telegraph
systems during the middle third of
wealthy and
executed
by the
professional.
the nineteenth century
led to significant
The phrase
improvements in the speed, volume, and
to which of following?
regularity of shipments and
communications,
(A) beginning
making possible a
fundamental
(B)
demanding
transformation in the
production and
(C) publishing
distribution of goods.
(D)
increasing
The word
to which of following?
The word
(A) possible
which of following?
(B) basic
(A) sold
(C) gradual
(B) requested
(D) unique
(C) admired
(D) created
124.
To be sure, there were still small
workshops, where
skilled
craftspeople
121. Local crafts people-sign, coach,
and house
manufactured products ranging
from
painters-began to paint portraits
as a profitable
newspapers to cabinets
to plumbing fixtures.
sideline;
sometimes a talented man or woman
The
word
who began by
sketching
family members
which of following?
gained a local reputation and was
besieged with
(A) hardworking
requests for portraits; artists found
it worth
(B) expert
their
while to pack their paints, canvases, and
(C) well-paid
brushes and to
travel the countryside, often
(D)
industrial
combining house decorating
with portrait
painting.
125. And there were factories in
occupations
The word
such as
metalwork where individual
which of
following?
contractors
presided over
what were
(A) drawing
essentially
handicraft proprietorships that
(B)
hiring
coexisted within a single
building.
(C) helping
The
words
(D) discussing
in
meaning to
(A) managed
122. Both the number and the percentage
of
(B) led to
people in the
United States involved in
(C) worked in
nonagricultural pursuits expanded
rapidly
(D) produced
during
the half century following the Civil War,
with some of the most
dramatic increases
126. Objects in the
universe show a variety of
occurring in
the
domains
of
transportation,
shapes: round planets
(some with rings) , tailed
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comets, wispy cosmic gas and dust
clouds,
(D) unexpected
ringed nebulae, pinwheel-shaped spiral
galaxies, and so on. But
none of the shapes on
130. Desert
mammals also depart from the
this list
describes the largest single
entities
in
normal mammalian practice of
maintaining
a
the
universe.
constant body temperature.
Instead of trying to
The word
keep down the body temperature deep
inside
which of following?
the body, which would involve the
expenditure
(A) factors
of
water and energy, desert mammals allow
(B) processes
their
temperatures to rise to what would
(C)
objects
normally be fever height, and
temperatures as
(D) puzzles
high as 46 degrees Celsius have been
measured
in Grant's
gazelles.
127. Stone carvers engraved
their
motifs
of
The word
skulls and
crossbones and other religious icons
to
which of following?
of death
into the gray slabs that we still see
(A) measuring
standing today
in old burial grounds.
(B) inheriting
The word
(C) preserving
which of following?
(D) delaying
(A) tools
(B) prints
131.
Another strategy of large desert animals is
(C) signatures
to
tolerate
the loss of body
water to a point
(D) designs
that would be fatal for nonadapted
animals.
The camel can lose
up to 30 percent of its body
128.
Although they often achieved expression
weight as water without harm to itself,
whereas
and formal excellence in their
generally
human beings die after losing
only 12 to 13
primitive style, they
remained artisans skilled
percent of
their body weight.
in the craft of
carving and constituted a group
The
word
distinct
from what we
normally think of as
which of
following?
(A)
endure
The word
(B) replace
which of following?
(C) compensate
(A) separate
(D) reduce
(B) assembled
(C) notable
132. The tolerance of water loss is of
obvious
(D) inferior
advantage in the desert, as animals do
not have
to remain near a
water hole but can
obtain
129. On the
rare
occasion when a fine piece of
food from
grazing sparse and far-flung pastures.
sculpture was desired, Americans turned
to
The word
foreign
sculptors, as in the 1770's when the
which of following?
cities of New York and Charleston,
South
(A) digest
Carolina,
commissioned the Englishman
(B) carry
Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of
(C) save
William Pill.
(D) get
The word
of following?
133. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal
(A) festive
government
ordered landlords to
roll
back
(B) infrequent
their rents to the levels charged in
1978. Future
(C) delightful
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rents could only go up by two thirds as
much as
form, but even the subject
matter.
any increase in the overall
price level.
The word
which
of following?
(A) reads aloud
The phrase
(B) determines
meaning to
which of following?
(C) includes
(A) credit
(D) records
(B) measure
(C)
vary
138. In 1905 he was sent to Paris
as an
(D) reduce
apprentice
to an art dealer, and in the years
that followed he
witnessed
the birth of
134. In any housing market, rental
prices
Cubism, discovered primitive
art, and learned
perform three
functions: (1) promoting the
the
techniques of woodcarving from a frame
efficient maintenance of existing
housing and
maker.
stimulating
the construction
of new housing.
The word
The
word
which of following?
to which of following?
(A) influenced
(A)
experimenting with
(B) studied
(B) identifying
(C)
validated
(C) estimating
(D)
observed
(D) encouraging
139. The plank's form
dictated the rigidly
135. One result of
rent control is a decrease in
frontal
view and the low relief. Even its
the
construction of new rental units. Rent
irregular shape must have appealed to
Laurent
Controls have artificially
depressed
the most
as
a break with
a
long-standing tradition that
important
long-term determinant of
required a
sculptor to work within a perfect
profitability-rents.
rectangle or square.
The
word
The phrase
which of
following?
meaning to which
of following?
(A) saddened
(A) a destruction of
(B)
created
(B) a departure from
(C) lowered
(C) a collapse
of
(D) defeated
(D) a
solution to
136. In the same year, in San
Francisco,
140. In winter especially,
it is important for
California, only
2,000 units were built. San
birds to
keep warm at night and
conserve
Francisco has only a 1. 6 percent
vacancy rate
precious food reserves.
but
stringent
rent control laws.
The word
The word
which of
following?
which of
following?
(A) retain
(A) straightforward
(B)
watch
(B) strict
(C) locate
(C) expanded
(D) share
(D) efficient
141. One way to do this is to find a
sheltered
137. For example, sometimes
the shape or
roost. Solitary roosters
shelter in dense
veining in a piece of
stone or wood suggests,
vegetation or
enter a cavity-horned larks dig
perhaps
even
dictates
, not only the
ultimate
holes in the ground and
ptarmigan burrow into
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snow banks-but the effect of sheltering
is
(D) confine
magnified
by several birds
huddling together
in the
roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers,
145. The icebox became a
fixture
in most
bluebirds, and anis do.
homes and remained so until the
mechanized
The word
refrigerator replaced it in the 1920's
and 1930's.
which of
following?
Almost everyone
now had a more diversified
(A) caused
diet.
(B) modified
The word
(C) intensified
which of following?
(D) combined
(A) luxury item
(B) substance
142. The second possible benefit of
communal
(C) commonplace object
roots is that they act as
(D) mechanical device
During
the day, parties of birds will have
spread out to
forage
over a very large
area.
146. Some people continued to eat
mainly
When they return in the evening
some will have
foods that were heavy in
starches or
fed well, but others may
have found little to eat.
carbohydrates, and not everyone could
afford
The word
meat.
Nevertheless
, many families
could take
which of
following?
advantage of
previously unavailable fruits,
(A) fly
vegetables, and dairy products to
achieve more
(B) assemble
varied fare.
(C) feed
The word
(D) rest
to which of following?
(A) therefore
143. Finally, there is safety in
numbers at
(B) because
communal roosts since there will always
be a
(C) occasionally
few
birds awake at any given moment to give
(D) however
the alarm. But
this increased protection is
partially
counteracted
by the fact
that mass
readily
change its
orientation, or phase. Cats
roosts
attract predators and are especially
know this instinctively, but scientists
could not
vulnerable if they are on the
ground.
be sure how it happened until
they increased
The word
the
speed of their perceptions a thousand fold.
to which of following?
The word
(A) suggested
which of following?
(B) negated
(A) only
(C) measured
(B) easily
(D) shielded
(C) slowly
(D) certainly
144. Drying, smoking, and salting could
preserve meat for a short
time, but the
147. The changing profile
of a city in the United
availability of
fresh meat, like that of fresh milk,
States is apparent in the shifting
definitions
was very limited; there was
no way to
prevent
used by the United States Bureau of the
Census.
spoilage.
In 1870
the census officially
distinguished
The
word
the nation's
which of
following?
for the first
time.
(A) estimate
The word
(B) avoid
to which of
following?
(C) correct
(A) differentiated
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(B) removed
which of
following?
(C) honored
(A) discussions
(D)
protected
(B) arguments
(C) developments
148. Each
SMSA would contain at least (a) one
(D)
purchases
central city with 50,000
inhabitant or more or
(b)
two cities having shared boundaries and
152. This had a considerable effect on
cattle
constituting
, for
general economic and social
ranching,
since the herds no longer had
purposes,
a single community with a combined
unrestricted
use of the
plains for grazing, and
population of
at least 50,000, the smaller of
the
fencing led to conflict between the farmers
which must have a population of at
least
and the cattle ranchers.
15,000.
The word
The word
to which of
following?
to which of
following?
(A)
unsatisfactory
(A) located near
(B) difficult
(B) determined
by
(C) considerable
(C)
calling for
(D) unlimited
(D) making up
153. The steel wires used are
galvanized-coated
149. The Anasazi
lived in houses constructed of
with
zinc to make them rustproof. The two
adobe and wood. Anasazi houses were
wires that make up the line wire or
cable are
originally built in
pits
and were entered from
fed
separately into a
machine at one end. They
the roof.
leave it at the other end twisted
together and
The word
barbed.
of
following?
The word
(A) stages
of
following?
(B) scars
(A) put
(C) seeds
(B) eaten
(D) holes
(C) bitten
(D)
nourished
150. Each kiva had a fire pit
and hole that was
believed
to lead to the underworld. The largest
154. The pressure exerted on the human
body
pueblos had five
stories
and more than 800
increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10
meters
rooms.
of depth in
seawater, so that at 30 meters in
The
word
seawater a diver is
exposed to
a pressure of
which of following?
about 4 atmospheres.
(A)
articles
The words
(B) tales
meaning to
(C) levels
(A) leaving behind
(D)
rumors
(B) prepared for
(C) propelled by
151. The
village chief dealt with land
disputes
(D) subjected to
and religious affairs. The war chief
led the men
in fighting
during occasional conflicts that
155.
Deep dives are less dangerous if helium is
broke out with neighboring villages and
substituted for nitrogen, because under
these
directed the men in community
building
pressures helium does not
exert
a similar
projects.
narcotic effect.
The word
The word
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which of following?
(B) specifies
(A) cause
(C) expands
(B) permit
(D) allows
(C) need
(D) change
160.
Because of the wavelength of the x-rays
used, soft x-ray
microscopes will never match
156. As a
scuba diver descends, the pressure of
the highest resolution possible with
electron
nitrogen in the lungs
increases. Nitrogen then
microscopes.
Rather,
their special properties
diffuses
from the lungs to
the blood, and from
will make possible
investigations that will
the blood to
body tissues.
complement those
performed with light-and
The word
electron-based instruments.
which of following?
The word
(A) yields
which of following?
(B) starts
(A) significantly
(C) surfaces
(B) preferably
(D) travels
(C) somewhat
(D) instead
157.
During ascent from a depth of 10 meters,
the volume of air in the
lungs will double
161. What they do is
look at familiar conditions
because the
air pressure at the surface is only
from a perspective that makes these
conditions
half of what it was at 10
meters. This change in
seem foolish,
harmful, or affected. Satire jars us
volume may cause the lungs to distend
and
out of complacence into a
pleasantly shocked
even
rupture.
realization
that many of the
values we
The word
unquestioningly accept are false.
which of following?
The word
(A) hurt
which of following?
(B) shrink
(A) certainty
(C) burst
(B) awareness
(D) stop
(C) surprise
(D) confusion
158. In the twentieth century, electron
microscopes have provided
direct views of
162. It was the manner
of expression, the
viruses and
minuscule
surface
structures.
The
satiric
method, that made them interesting and
word
entertaining, satires
are read because they are
which of
following?
aesthetically
satisfying
works of art, not
(A) circular
because they are morally wholesome or
(B) dangerous
ethically
instructive.
(C) complex
The
word
(D) tiny
to which of
following?
(A)
artistically
159. Unlike conventional
electron microscopy,
(B) exceptionally
x-ray microscopy
enables
specimens to be
(C) realistically
kept in
air and in water, which means that
(D)
dependably
biological samples can be
studied under
conditions
similar to their natural state.
163.
They are stimulating and
refreshing
The
word
because with commonsense briskness
they
which of following?
brush away illusions and secondhand
opinions.
(A) constitutes
The word
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which of following?
which of following?
(A) popular
(A) protected
(B) ridiculous
(B) decorated
(C) meaningful
(C) purchased
(D) unusual
(D) enjoyed
164. Soldiers
rarely hold the ideals that movies
168.
Besides their wear ability, either as jewelry
attribute to them, nor do ordinary
citizens
or incorporated into articles
of
attire,
beads
devote
their lives to
unselfish service of
possess the
desirable characteristics of every
humanity.
collectible: they
are durable, portable, available
The
word
in infinite variety, and often
valuable in their
which of
following?
original cultural
context as well as in today's
(A)
distinguish
market.
(B) feel
affection
The word
(C)
prefer
which of following?
(D) dedicate
(A) ritual
(B) importance
165. Hotels were among the earliest
facilities
(C) clothing
that
bound
the United States
together. They
(D) history
were both creations and creators of
communities, as well as
symptoms of the
169. Beads are
miniature bundles of secrets
frenetic
quest for community.
waiting to be
revealed: their history,
The word
manufacture, cultural context, economic
role,
which of following?
and ornamental use are all points of
(A) led
information one
hopes to
unravel.
(B) protected
The word
(C) tied
which of
following?
(D) strengthened
(A) communicate
(B) transport
166. The
growing custom of regularly
(C) improve
assembling
from afar the
representatives of
(D) discover
all kinds of groups, not only for
political
conventions, but
also for commercial,
170. Even the most
mundane
beads may have
professional, learned, and avocational
ones... in
traveled great distances and
been exposed to
turn supported the
multiplying hotels.
many human
experiences.
The word
The
word
to which of following?
which of following?
(A) announcing
(A) carved
(B) motivating
(B) beautiful
(C) gathering
(C) ordinary
(D) contracting
(D) heavy
167. In the
past, as today, men, women, and
171.
The crossed mandibles enable the birds to
children
adorned
themselves with beads. In
exert a
powerful biting force at the bill tips,
some cultures still, certain beads are
often
which is critical for maneuvering
them between
worn from birth until
death, and then are
the scales and
spreading the scales apart. Next,
buried with their owners for the
afterlife.
the crossbill snakes its
long tongue into the
The word
gap
and draws out the seed.
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The word
which of
following?
of
following?
(A) influenced
(A) opening
(B) announced
(B) flower
(C) rejected
(C) mouth
(D) ignored
(D) tree
176. She was also the city's postmaster
from
172. Next, the crossbill snakes
its long tongue
1775 to 1789 ---
appointed by Benjamin
into the gap and
draws out the seed. Using the
Franklin
--- and is considered to be the first
combined action of the bill and tongue,
the
woman to hold a federal
position
.
birds cracks open
and
discards
the woody
The word
seed covering and
swallows the nutritious inner
which of
following?
kernel.
(A) job
The word
(B) election
which of
following?
(C) document
(A) eats
(D) location
(B) breaks
(C)
finds out
177. Galaxies are the
major
building blocks of
(D) gets rid of
the
universe. A galaxy is a giant family of many
millions of stars, and it
is held together by its
173. As a rule,
large billed crossbills are better
own
gravitational field.
at seeming seeds
from large cones while small
The word
billed crossbills are more
deft
at removing the
which of following?
seeds from small, thin scaled cones.
(A) intense
The word
(B) principal
of
following?
(C) lunge
(A) hungry
(D) unique
(B) skilled
(C)
tired
178. The elliptical galaxies have
a
(D) pleasant
symmetrical
elliptical or
spheroidal shape
with no
obvious
structure. Most of
their
174. This bird has a large,
robust
bill, yet most
member stars are very old and since
elliptical
of Newfoundland's conifers
have small cones,
are devoid of
interstellar gas, no new stars are
the
same kind of cones that the slender-billed
forming in them.
white-wings
rely on.
The word
The word
to which of following?
which of following?
(A) proportionally balanced
(A) strong
(B) commonly seen
(B) colorful
(C) typically
large
(C) unusual
(D)
steadily growing
(D) sharp
The word
175. It
was she, a Baltimore printer, who
which
of following?
published the
first official copies of the
(A)
discovered
Declaration, the first
copies that included the
(B) apparent
names of its signers and therefore
heralded
(C)
understood
the support of all thirteen
colonies.
(D) simplistic
The
word
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179. Their light was already halfway
here before
stated that without
government
subsidy
no
the Earth even formed. The light from
the
one would undertake so unpromising
a venture;
nearby Virgo galaxy set out
when reptiles still
yet it was a
national necessity to link East and
dominated
the animal world.
West together.
The word
The word
which of
following?
which of
following?
(A) threatened
(A) persuasion
(B) replaced
(B) financing
(C) were
developing in
(C) explanation
(D) were prevalent in
(D)
penalty
180.
This meant that wagon freighting, stage
184. However, the concept of number and
the
coaching and steam boating did not
come to an
counting process developed
so long before the
end when the first
train appeared; rather they
time of
recorded history (there is chaeological
became
supplements
or feeders.
evidence that counting was employed by
The word
humans as far back
as 50,000 years ago) that
to which of
following?
the manner of
this development is largely
(A)
extensions
conjectural.
(B) reformers
The word
(C) dependents
to which of
following?
(D) influences
(A) complex
(B)
based on guessing
181. Wagon freighters
continued operating
(C) unbelievable
throughout the 1870's and 1880's and
into the
(D) supported by careful
research
1890's,although over
constantly shrinking
routes, and coaches and wagons
continued to
185. Probably the earliest
way of keeping a
crisscross
the West wherever the rails had
count
was by some simple tally method,
not
yet been laid.
employing
the
principle of one-to-one
The word
correspondence. In keeping a count of
sheep,
which of following?
for example, one finger per sheep could
be
(A) lead the way
turned
under.
(B) separate
The word
(C) move back and forth
which of following?
(D) uncover
(A) using
(B) paying
182.
The primary reason was
skepticism
that
(C) focusing
a railroad
built through so challenging and
(D)
hiring
thinly settled a stretch of
desert, mountain, and
semiarid plain could pay a profit.
186. Counts could also be
maintained
by
The word
making scratches in the dirt or on a
stone, by
which of
following?
cutting notches
in a piece of wood, or by tying
(A)
doubt
knots in a string.
(B)
amazement
The word
(C)
urgency
to which of
following?
(D) determination
(A) justified
(B) asserted
183. In
discussing the Pacific Railroad bill, the
(C) located
chair of the
congressional committee bluntly
(D)
kept
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(A) photographed
187. Then, perhaps later, an
assortment
of
(B)
uncovered
vocal sounds was developed as
a word tally
(C) located
against the number of objects in a
small group.
(D) preserved
The word
to
which of following?
192. A
useful definition of an air pollutant is a
(A) instrument
compound
added directly or indirectly by
(B)
variety
humans to the atmosphere in
such quantities
(C) surplus
as to affect humans, animals,
vegetation, or
(D) symbol
materials
adversely.
The word
188. Their
products, primarily silver plates and
which of following?
bowls, reflected their
exalted
status and
(A) negatively
testified to
their customers' prominence.
(B)
quickly
The word
(C)
admittedly
which of
following?
(D) considerably
(A) unusual
(B)
uncertain
193. As the Earth developed,
the concentrations
(C) surprising
of these pollutants were
altered
by various
(D) superior
chemical
reactions; they became components
in biogeochemical cycles.
189. Colonial coppersmithing also
came of
The word
age
in the early eighteenth
century and
which of
following?
prospered in
northern cities.
(A) eliminated
The phrase
(B) caused
to which of following?
(C) slowed
(A) established
itself
(D) changed
(B)
declined
(C) became less
expensive
194. The result is an
increased concentration of
(D) was
studied
noxious
chemicals in
the air. The
concentrations
at which the adverse effects
190.
Fossils are the remains and
traces
(such
appear will be
greater than the concentrations
as
footprints or other marks ) of ancient plant
that the pollutants would have in the
absence
and animal life that are more
than 10,000
of human activities.
years old.
The word
The word
which of
following?
which of
following?
(A) harmful
(A) structures
(B)
noticeable
(B) importance
(C) extensive
(C) skeletons
(D) weak
(D) imprints
195. The actual
concentration need not be large
191.
The woolly mammoth, a long-haired
for a
substance to be a pollutant; in fact the
rhinoceros, and other mammals have been
numerical value tells us little until
we know
periodically
exposed
in the tundra of
Siberia,
how much of an increase this
represents over
the hair and red flesh
still frozen in cold storage.
the
concentration that would occur naturally in
The word
the area. For
example, sulfur dioxide has
which of
following?
detectable
health effects at
0. 08 parts per
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million (ppm) , which is about 400
times its
(C) encouraging
natural level.
(D) sudden
The word
which
of following?
199. It is
lightweight, impermeable to liquids,
(A) beneficial
readily
cleaned and reused,
durable
yet fragile,
(B) special
and
often very beautiful.
(C) measurable
The word
(D) separable
which of following?
(A) lasting
196.
The
acute,
growing public
awareness of
(B) delicate
the social changes that had been taking
place
(C) heavy
for some
time was tied to tremendous growth
(D)
plain
in popular journalism in the late
nineteenth
century,
including growth in quantity and
200.
In effect, as molten glass cools, it
circulation of both magazines and
newspapers.
progressively stiffens
until rigid, but does so
The word
without setting up a network of
interlocking
which of
following?
crystals
customarily
associated with
that
(A) useful
process.
(B) intense
The word
(C) genuine
to which of
following?
(D) controversial
(A) naturally
(B) necessarily
197.
Furthermore, the introduction in 1890 of
(C) usually
the first
successful linotype machine promised
(D) certainly
even further
growth. In 1872 only two daily
newspapers could claim a circulation of
over
201. This is why glass shatters so
easily when
100,000, but by 1892 seven
more newspapers
dealt a blow, why glass
deteriorates over time,
exceeded
that figure. A
world beyond the
especially when
exposed to
moisture, and
immediate community was rapidly
becoming
why glassware must be slowly
reheated and
visible.
uniformly cooled after manufacture to
release
The word
internal
stresses induced by uneven cooling.
which of following?
The words
(A) controlled
meaning to
(B) surpassed
(A) hardened by
(C) affected
(B) chilled with
(D) equaled
(C) subjected to
(D) deprived of
198.
Magazines as they are known today began
publication around 1882,
and, in fact, the
202. This is why
glass shatters so easily when
circulation of weekly magazines
exceeded that
dealt a blow, why glass
deteriorates over time,
of newspapers
in the period which followed. By
especially when exposed to moisture,
and why
1892, for example, the
circulation of the Ladies'
glassware
must be slowly reheated and
Home
Journal had reached an
astounding
uniformly cooled after manufacture to
release
700,000.
internal
stresses
induced
by uneven
cooling.
The word
The word
to which of following?
which of following?
(A) surprising
(A) joined
(B) estimated
(B) missed
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(C) caused
(C) critical
(D) lost
(D) complex
203. The best-
known specimens are the
207. A
multitude of microorganisms (including
remarkable
tracks discovered
at Lactoli,
viruses and bacteria) and
an army
of
Tanzania, by Mary Leakey.
invertebrates ---
The word
The expression
to which of
following?
meaning to which
of following?
(A)
extraordinary
(A) an illness
(B) enormous
(B) an attack
(C) various
(C) a large
number
(D) orderly
(D) a
distinct type
204. The pressures
exerted
along the foot,
208. Members of the animal kingdom have
together with the length of stride,
which
developed a variety of defense
mechanisms for
averaged 87 centimeters,
indicated that the
dealing with
parasites. Although these
hominids had
been walking slowly. In short, all
mechanisms
vary
considerably, all major
the detectable
morphological features implied
groups
of animals are capable of detecting and
that the feet that left the footprints
were very
reacting to the presence of
little different from those of
contemporary
The word
humans.
which of
following?
The word
(A) differ
which of
following?
(B) endure
(A) influenced
(C) balance
(B) applied
(D) contribute
(C) returned
(D)
lessened
209. Unimprovised, completely
structured jazz
does exist,
but the ability of the best jazz
205.
The study of fossil footprints is not
musicians to create music of great
cohesion
restricted
to examples from
such remote
and beauty during a
performance has been a
periods.
Hundreds of prints are known, for
hallmark of the music and its major
source of
example, in French caves
dating from the end
inspiration and
change.
of the last ice age,
approximately 10, 000 years
The word
ago.
which of
following?
The word
(A) sorrow
which of
following?
(B) fame
(A) limited
(C) unity
(B) improved
(D) vibration
(C) continued
(D) succeeded
210. The
second distinguishing characteristic of
jazz is a rhythmic drive
that was
initially
206. The livelihood of each species in
the vast
called
and
intricate
assemblage of
living things
The word
depends on the existence of other
organisms.
which of
following?
The word
(A) at first
which of
following?
(B) shortly
(A) difficult
(C)
alphabetically
(B) widespread
(D) in fact
28
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in animal-skin bags.
211. In playing hot, a musician
consciously
The
word
departs from strict meter to
create a relaxed
to which of
following?
sense of phrasing
that also emphasizes the
(A) decay
underlying rhythms.
(B)
planting
The word
(C) eating
to which of following?
(D) conversion
(A)
carelessly
(B) easily
216. With appropriate banking of the
extrafood,
(C) periodically
the Mandans protected themselves
against the
(D) purposely
disaster
of crop failure and
accompanying
hunger.
212. Not all jazz is hot, however; many
early
The word
bands played
unadorned
published
which of following?
arrangements of popular songs.
(A) control
The word
(B) catastrophe
which of
following?
(C) avoidance
(A) lovely
(D) history
(B) plain
(C)
disorganized
217. Helium nuclei have
also been found to be
(D) inexpensive
constituents
of cosmic rays
that fall on the
earth
(cosmic
213. The tight arrangement
enabled
the
radiation; they consist of rapidly
moving
Mandans to protect themselves
more easily
particles of numerous
different kinds) .
from the attacks of
others who might seek to
The word
obtain some of the food these highly
capable
to which of
following?
farmers stored
from one years to the next.
(A)
relatives
The word
(B)
causes
which of following?
(C) components
(A) covered
(D) targets
(B) reminded
(C) helped
218.
Its relative abundance never seems to
(D) isolated
vary
much. In some places, there may be
slightly more of it; in others,
slightly less, but
214. They had to
exercise
considerable
skill
the ratio of helium to hydrogen
nucleial ways
to produce the desired
results, for their
remains about the
same.
northern location meant fleeting
growing
The word
seasons.
which of following?
The word
(A) mean
to which of following?
(B) stretch
(A) planning
(C) change
(B) much
(D) include
(C) physical
(D) new
219.
However, the amount of helium that could
have been produced in this
manner can be
215. This green corn was
boiled, dried, and
calculated,
and it turns out
to be no more
shelled, with some of the
maize slated for
than a few percent.
immediate
consumption
and the rest
stored
The word
29
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which of following?
(C) more attractive
(A)
ignored
(D) rougher
(B)
converted
(C) increased
224. The linsey-woolsey covering was
found in
(D) determined
the
colder regions of the country because of the
warmth it
afforded.
220.
By the time the universe was a few
The
word
minutes old, helium production has
effectively
which of
following?
ceased.
(A)
provided
The word
(B) spent
which of following?
(C) avoided
(A) extended
(D) absorbed
(B) performed
(C) taken hold
225. Growing tightly packed together
and
(D) stopped
collectively
weaving a
dense
canopy of
branches, a stand of red
alder trees can totally
221. Wealthy
and socially
prominent
settlers
dominate a site to the
exclusion of almost
made quilts of the
English type, cut from large
everything
else.
lengths of cloth of the same
color and texture
The word
rather than stitched together from
smaller
which of following?
pieces.
(A) dark
The word
(B) tall
which of following?
(C) thick
(A) isolated
(D) broad
(B) concerned
(C) generous
226. Farm dwellers in their isolation
not only
(D) distinguished
found it harder to locate companions in
play
but also,
thanks to
the unending
demands
222. This term was usually
applied to
a fabric
and pressures of their work, felt it
necessary to
of wool and linen used in
heavy clothing and
combine fun with
purpose.
quilted petticoats worn in the
wintertime.
The phrase
The
phrase
to which of
following?
to which of
following?
(A) grateful for
(A) sewn onto
(B) help with
(B) compared to
(C) because
of
(C) used for
(D) machines
for
(D) written down on
227. The most
eagerly anticipated
social
223. Rather, they were made of a top
layer of
events were the rural fairs.
Hundreds of men,
woolen or glazed
worsted wool fabric,
women, and
children attended from far and
consisting of smooth, compact yarn from
long
near.
wool fibers, dyed
dark blue, green, or brown
The phrase
with a bottom layer of a
coarser
woolen
meaning to which of
following?
material, either
natural or a shade of yellow.
(A) well
organized
The word
(B) old-
fashioned
which of
following?
(C) strongly
opposed
(A) older
(D) looked
forward to
(B) less heavy
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