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重要热力学概念及定理英文表述
(
Key thermodynamic Concepts
and Laws
)
?
Energy and
Specific Energy
能量和比能量
?
Energy Transfer
Rate(1W=1J/s, kW)
功率
?
Thermodynamics
热力学
?
Mass and Density
质量和密度
?
Length
长度
?
Velocity
速度
?
Volume
(Specific Volume)
体积(比体积)
?
Force
力
?
Pressure
压强
?
Specific Heat
比热
?
Universal Gas Constant(8.314
kJ/kmol?K)
通用气体常数
?
Temperature
温度
?
System,
Surroundings, Boundary
热力系,外界,界面
?
Closed System,
Isolated System, Control Volume
闭口系,孤立系,控制体积
?
Property,
State, Process, Steady
state, Extensive property, Intensive property
状态参数,状态,过程,
稳态,
广延量,
强度量
?
Equilibrium,
Equilibrium state
平衡,平衡状态
?
Base unit/mass,
time, length, force
基本单位
/
质量,时间,长度,力
?
Specific volume
比容
?
Molar basis
基于摩尔的
?
Pressure/Absolute pressure, Gage
pressure, Vacuum pressure
压力
/
绝对压力,
表压力,
真空度
?
Temperature/Thermal(heat) interaction,
Thermal equilibrium
温度
热交换
热平衡
?
Zeroth law of
thermodynamics
热力学第零定律
?
Kelvin scale,
Celsius scale, Fahrenheit
scale, Triple point
开尔文温度,摄氏度,
华氏温标,
三相点
?
Thermometers
温度计
?
Work, kinetic energy, gravitational
potential energy
功,动能,重力势能
?
Thermodynamic
definition of work, sign convention for work
功的热力学定义,
?
W > 0: work
done by the system
热力系对外界做功
?
W < 0: work
done on the system
外界对热力系做功
?
Work is not a
property
功不是状态参数
?
Power(the rate
of energy transfer), units for
power(J/s)
功率(能量转换率)
?
Expansion or
Compression Work δW = pAdx=pdV
膨胀功,压缩功
?
Quasi-
equilibrium process
准平衡态过程
?
Energy transfer
by heat, Sign convention for heat transfer
?
Q > 0, heat
transfer to the
system
热量传递给热力系
?
Q < 0, heat
transfer from the
system
热力系放出热量
?
Heat is not a
property
热量不是状态参数
?
First Law of Thermodynamics
热力学第一定律
?
Energy balance
能量守恒
?
Internal energy
内能
?
Thermodynamic cycle
热力学循环
?
Power cycle
动力循环
?
Thermal efficiency
热效率
?
Refrigeration and heat pump cycle
制冷和热泵循环
?
coefficient of
performance for refrigeration and heat pump
制冷系数,供热系数
?
Phase
相
?
State principle
?
Simple
compressible systems
简单可压缩系统
?
p-v-T surface
p-v-T
面
?
Two-phase
regions
两相区
?
Saturation
state
饱和状态
?
Saturation
temperature
饱和温度
?
Saturation
pressure
饱和压力
?
Critical point
临界点
?
p-v diagram P-V
图
?
T-s
diagram
T-S
图
?
Subcooled
liquid, compressed liquid
过冷液体
?
Two-phase liquid-vapor mixture
气液两相混合
?
Quality x
干度
?
Superheated vapor
过热蒸汽
?
Enthalpy
焓
?
Reference state
对应状态
?
Reference values
对应状态值
?
Ideal gas model
理想气体模型
?
Specific heat
比热
?
Compressibility
factor (Z)
压缩因子
?
Reduced
pressure (p
r
=p/p
c
)
相对压力
?
Reduced
temperature (T
r
=T/T
c
)
相对温度
?
Generalized
Compressibility Chart
[Z=f(p
r
,
T
r
)]
通用压缩因子图
?
Ideal gas
equation of state
理想气体状态方程
?
Polytropic
process
多变过程
?
Conservation of
mass
质量守恒
?
Mass flow rate
质量流量
?
Mass rate balance
稳流
?
Volumetric flow rate
体积流量
?
Flow work
流动功
?
One-dimensional
flow
一元流动
?
Time-dependent
(transient) state
和时间相关的状态
?
Energy rate
balance
?
Nozzle
喷管
?
Diffuser
扩压管