中石化职称英语资料-简化版

2021年1月30日发(作者：魆)

- 1 -

例文

答案

:The development of modern industry and commodity economy in China has promoted occupational (mobility) and population

In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive psychologist Martin Seligman,where

mobility,

H(happiness)=S(your biological set point for feeling happy)+C(the conditions of your life)+V(the voluntary choices you make).

短文翻译

This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient

．

A report, based on United Nations projections showing slow, steady growth of economies and populations, suggests that by

Step 1

：

Peace and quiet

mid-century,

humanity

’

s

demand

on

nature

will

be

twi

ce

the

biosphere’s

productive

capacity

.

At

this

level

of

ecological

deficit,

Jonathon Haidt in his excellent book

，

The Happiness Hypothesis

，

notes that research shows that we can never completely

exhaustion of ecological assets and large-scale ecosystem collapse will become real.

adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses(the other is the fear

Moving

towards

sustainability

depends

on

significant

action

now.

Population

size

changes

slowly,

and

human-made

capital

of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and

–

homes,

cars,

roads,

factories,

or power

plants

-

can

last

for

many

decades.

This

implies

that

po1icy

and

investment decisions

quiet

every

day

．

If

you

are

unfortunate

enough

to

live

somewhere

noisy,

persist

with

complaining

to

your

local

made today will continue to determine resource demand throughout much of the 21st century.

council

．

Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respite. If you need your TV, radio or music up loud

，

wearing

一 份以联合国所作的经济和人口缓慢增长的预期为基础的报告显示，到本世纪中叶，人类对自然界的需求将达到生态 圈自身生产能力的两

headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours

，

which will make you and them feel good

．

倍。在这样的生态“赤字”水平下，生态资源的枯竭和大规模的生态系统崩溃将会成为事实。

Step 2

：

Relationships

向 可持续发展的转变取决于现在所采取的重大行动。人口数量变化缓慢，而人类创造的资本，如住宅、汽车、道路、 工厂或发电站等会持

This

is

the

most

important

of

all

the

external

conditions

that

can

improve

your

happiness

quotient

．

Often

our

deepest

sources

续几十年。这意味着，今天所作的政策和投资 决策将决定我们在

2l

世纪的大部分时间里对资源的持续需求。

of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves

例文：

us

feeling

betrayed

and

abandoned.

A

relationship

with

our

parents

or

children

which

is

not

based

on

compassionate,

unconditional

Earthquakes may be ranked as one of the most devastating force known to men; since records began to be written down, it

regard creates isolation and misery. When faced with such relationships

，

the most positive thing we can do is to either mend

has been estimated that earthquake- related fatalities have numbered in milllons and that earthquake-related destruction has

the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on.

been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and effects

Step 3

：

Share

of

rock

slides,

floods,

fire,

disease

and

other phenomena

resulting

from

earthquakes,

rather

than

from

the

quakes

themselves.

If you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing

，

remember to share

The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area encompasses the Pacific Ocean

them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others.

and its contiguous land masses. The other extends from the East Indians to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran,

Turkey and the Alpine regions. They may happen anywhere at any time.

’

s the happiness formula according to the passage?

This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent

答案

:The formula refers to H(happiness)=S(your biological set point for feeling happy)+C(the conditions of your life)+V(the

times

there

have

been

indications

that earthquake

prediction

may

be

possible.

By

analyzing

changes

in

animal

behavior,

patterns

voluntary choices you make).

of movements in the earth

’

s crust, variations in the force of gravity and the

earth’s magnetic field and the frequency with

can we never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution?

which minor earth tremors are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in anticipating when and where earthquakes

答案

:Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by

will strike. As a result, worldwide eathquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for the vast

intrusive noise.

destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected.

could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good?

It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and eliminate their destructiveness altogether. but as

答案

:If we need our TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates our kindness and consideration to our

how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their potential

neighbors

．

devastation before it occurs.

does the unhappiness come from?

答案

:Our unhappiness often comes from poor relationships with others

．

1

．

What are the causes of the great part of the damage and loss of life?

is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual relationship?

答案

:

Collapse of buildings and the effects of rock slides

，

floods

，

fire

，

disease and other phenomena from earthquakes.

答案

:What you can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on.

2

．

Where are the two most active earthquake belts in the world?

短句翻译

答案

:The area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses, East Indians to the Atlas Mountains.

1

．吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和

(domestic upset)

有很大影响。

3

．

What fact does

“

element of the unknown

”

in paragraph 3 refer to?

答案

:Noisy neighbors are one of the major causes of domestic upset

．

答案

:It refers to the fact the earthquakes can happen anywhere at any time.

2

．在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难 以言表的抑郁情绪

(unwretchedness)

。

4

．

What four ways are used to anticipate earthquake activity?

答案

:A colleague at work who bullies or dismisses US creates untold wretchedness

．

答案

:a) analyzing changes in animal behavior.

3

．我们不可能适应这种 敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。

b)

patterns of movements in the earth’

s crust.

答案

:We can never fully adapt to hostile relationships

，

which inevitably damage our wellbeing

．

c)

variations in the force of gravity and the earth’

s magnetic field.

4

．如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。

d) observation of the frequency of minor earth tremors.

答案

:If this bad mood stays inside our mind

，

it will lead US to an unresolved

5

．

What is the author

’

s attitude toward the possibility of earthquake predictions?

destructive depression

．

答案

:Earthquake prediction is beconaing more and more possible.

5

．我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。

短句翻译

答案

:We should not avoid these problems but face them instead

．

1

．会议的准备工作正在顺利地进行着。

翻译短文

答案

:Preparations for the meeting are proceeding smoothly.

There are many benefits to being happy

．

Happier people tend to be healthier

，

live longer and earn more. They also tend

2

< br>．科技发展在解决老问题的同时也带来一些新问题。

to volunteer more

，

be better at relationships and smile more of what psychologists call

“Duchenne”

or genuine smiles. What

答案

:As technological advancement solves old problems, it also creates new ones.

is 1ess well understood is why happiness is contagious.

3

．

1976

年唐山大地震是历史上最严重的自然灾害之一。

According to James Fowler and Nicholas Christakis, authors of the international bestseller Connected, people surrounded

答案

:The 1976 earthquake in Tangshan was one of the greatest natural disasters in history.

by many happy friends, family members and neighbours who are central to their social network become significantly happier

4

．近几年来，中国、日本和美国对地震发生的时间、地点的预 测取得了一定的进步。

in the future. More specifically, they say we will become 25 per cent happier with our life if a friend who lives within a

答案

:In

recent

years,

China,

Japan

and

the

U.S

have

made

certain

progress

in

forecasting

when

and

where

earthquakes

will

occur.

mile of us becomes significantly happier with his or her life.

5

．地震能造成惨重的人员伤亡，毁坏建筑物，如大楼、桥梁、大坝等设施。

Similar effects are seen in co-resident spouses (8 per cent happier); siblings who live within a mile of each other (14

答案

:Earthquakes cause severe casualties and destroy constructions like buildings, dams and bridges.

per cent); and next-door neighbours (34 per cent). What this implies is that the magnitude of happiness spread seems to depend

短文翻译

more

on

frequent

social

contact

(due

to

physical

proximity)

than

on

deep

social

connections

．

Alas,

for

some

reason

this

doesn

’

t

Our

weather

surely

is

getting

strange.

There

seem

to

be

more

tornadoes

than

in

living

memory,

longer

droughts

，

bigger

downpours

translate to the workplace.

and record floods. Unprecedented fires are burning in some areas. Scientists tell us that for every one degree increase in

So

，

why is happiness contagious? One reason may be that happy people share their good fortune with their friends and family

temperature, lightning strikes will go up another 10

％

. And it is lightning, after all, that is principally responsible for

(for

example

，

by

being

pragmatically

helpful

or

financially

generous).

Another

reason

could

be

that

happy

people

tend

to

change

ligniting the conflagration in some areas today.

their

behaviour

for

the

better

by

being

nicer

or

less

hostile

to

those

close

to

them.

Or

it

could

just

be

that

positive

emotions

天气的确越来越反常。在人们记忆中，龙卷 风似乎更加频繁、旱灾持续更久、暴雨更大、洪灾也创下纪录、在一些地区火灾史无前例。科学

< br>are highly contagious.

家告知我们，气温每升高一度 ，闪电数量就会增加

10

％。毕竟，在一些地区闪电至今仍然是 引起特大火灾的主要原因。

幸福有许多好处。越幸福的人往往 越健康、越长寿、挣的钱越多。他们通常也会从事更多的志愿工作、更善于处理人际关系、发出更多

例文

心理学家所说的“杜兴微笑”

，即真诚的微笑。我们了解不深的是，为什么幸福可以传染。

In the aftermath ofthe BP oil spill, President Obama voiced the concerns of countless scientists, environmentalists, and

全球畅销 书《关联》的作者詹姆斯·福勒和尼古拉斯·克里斯塔基斯发现，如果你身边那些重要的人际网络中有许多幸福的 朋友、家人

Gulf

Coast

residents

when

he

declared,

“We're

dealing

with

a

massive

and

potentially

unprecedented

enviro

nmental disaster.

”

与邻居，那么 你将也会很幸福。他们表示，更准确地说，如果居住在离你

1

英 里内的一个朋友生活幸福感得到显著提升，你的生活幸福感就

The sheer size of the oil spill - 210,000 gallons a day contaminating the Gulf of Mexico - has many people worried about the

会增加

25

％。

short and long-term environmental harm it is causing.

具有同样效果的还有同居配偶

(

幸福感提升

8

％

)

、居住在

1

英里之内的兄弟姐妹

(14

％

)

和邻居

(34

< p>
％

)

。这意味着，幸福传播的强度似乎更取

The

oil

spill

could severely

damage

fragile

ecosystems

for

years,

possibly decades.

Beaches

fouled

by

oil spills

are

very

决 于交往的频繁度

(

与地域邻近相关

)< /p>

，而不是社会关系的深度。可惜由于某种原因，这并不适用于工作场合。

< br>

difficult to clean up. To make matters worse, the spill threatens beaches just as shorebirds are nesting and sea turtles are

那么，为什么幸福能够传染

?

一个原因或许是 ，幸福的人会与亲朋好友分享好运气

(

例如，提供实际的帮助， 或在经济上慷慨解囊

)

。另一个

com ing ashore to lay their eggs.

原因可能是，幸福的 人往往会改善自己的行为，会对周围的人更加友好，或减少敌意。又或许只是因为正面情绪具有高度传染性。

Even worse is the effect the oil spill could have on sensitive salt marshes and mangrove coastlines, which would be

practically

impossible

to

clean

and

that

some fear

might

be

permanently

destroyed.

These

wetlands

are

considered

the

nurseries

例文：

When I

’

m being driven through a city from our hotel to a conference center

，

I couldn't help but note the overwhelming

for the fishing and seafood industry and are a vital habitat and breeding ground for many species of wildlife. Because they

presence of cars and parking lots. The

world’s cities are

in trouble. In hundreds of cities, the life of daily life is

cover much more land area than beaches, the risk oftheir exposure to damage is greatly increased.

deteriorating.

Breathing

the

air

in

some

cities

is

equivalent

to

smoking

two

packs

of

cigarettes

per day. The

number

of

hours

Fully 98 percent of the fish and shellfish harvested in the Gulf of Mexico depend on estuaries, which are coastal waters

commuters spend going nowhere sitting in traffic-congested streets and highways climbs higher each year, raising frustration

where freshwater from rivers and streams mix with sea water. Estuaries are dependant on wetlands for their water quality and

levels.

to provide a basis for aquatic food chains. Many species depend on wetlands for food, shelter and breeding.

In response to these conditions, we are seeing the emergency of a new urbanism. In just a few years, many cities banned

The waters of the Gulf of Mexico are homes to hundreds of species of aquatic life. The longer the oil fouls the water,

the parking of cars on side walks, created or renovated more parks, introduced a highly successful bus-base rapid transit

the more polluted the food chain becomes, which could result in large fish kills and seafood too contaminated for consumption.

system, built hundreds of kilometers of bicycle paths and pedestrian streets reduced rush hour traffic, planted more trees

and involved local citizens directly in the improvement of their neighborhoods

．

The quality of urban life in these cities has

1

．

In

the

first

sentence

“

President

Obama

voiced

the

concerns

of

countless

scientists?’’what

does

the

word

“voice”

mean?

been greatly enhanced with the vision of a city designed for people.

答案

:Voice here means

“to express an idea of

?”

Now government planners everywhere are experimenting

，

seeking ways to design cities for people not cars. Cars promise

2

．

How long could the damage to the ecosystem last?

mobility.

But

in

an urbanizing

world

there

is

an inherent

conflict

between

the

automobile

and

the city.

After

a

point,

as

their

答案

:The damage to the ecosystem could last decades.

numbers multiply, automobiles provide not mobility but immobility.

3

．

How important are the wetlands to the wildlife?

Based on this perspective, some cities in industrial and developing countries alike will dramatically increase urban

答案

:

The wetlands are a vital habitat and breeding ground for many species of wildlife.

mobility by moving away from the car. Let me remind you once more, cities are built for people

，

not for cars. A city full

4

．

Why are estuaries dependent on wetlands?

of

cars

is

like

what

the

horrifying

sci-fi

depicted

-

all

mechanism

and

no

human.

In

order

to avoid

this

disaster,

we

’

d

better

答案

:Estuaries are dependant on wetlands for their water quality and to provide a basis for aquatic food chains.

start designing sustainable cities.

5

．

How will the oil spill affect the seafood in the Gulf of Mexico?

答案

:Many fish will die and the seafood will be too contaminated for consumption

．

1

．

What means of transportation does the author take to the conference center?

答案

:

( He takes) a bus.

短句翻译

2

．

According to the first paragraph what is happening in cities where there are more cars?

1

．如何尽快处理墨西哥湾的原油泄漏是

BP

公司最为关注的问题 。

答案

:

Cars not only do harm to people

’

s health but also cause heavy traffic jam.

答案

:How to urgently deal with the oil spill at the Gulf of Mexico remains the biggest concern for BP.

3

．

What does the last sentence

“

the vision of a city designed for people

”

in paragraph 2 mean?

2

．这起事故使环保人士对生态环境有了不小的担忧。

答案

:

Design cities for people not (for) cars.

答案

:This accident has many environmentalists concerned about the damage it does to the ecosystem.

4

．

Why is there an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city in urban areas?

3

．原油泄漏不 仅会污染海洋环境，更糟糕的是它还会给多种海洋生物带来很大的威胁。

答案

:

Because people depend largely on cars.

答案

:Oil spills do not just pollute the ocean, to make things worse, they pose great threat to many species of aquatic life

5

．

How would a city look like if cars were everywhere?

as well.

答案

:

There would be a11 cars (mechanism) no human

．

4

．所有小动物都要依靠妈妈给它们提供食物和保护。

A

．

Translate the following sentences into English

．

答案

:All baby animals are dependent on their mothers for food and protection.

短句翻译：

5

．南极洲是多种企鹅的家。

1.

随着大量市民被迫迁到遥远的郊外，汽车的需求量正在飞涨。

答案

:Antarctica is the natural habitat for many species of penguins.

答案

:The demand for cars is soaring as growing numbers of citizens are pushed into distant suburbs.

短文翻译

2.

生态城市

(eco- city)

将把传统设计要素同最先进的绿色技术相结合。

An

oil

spill

is

the

accidental

petroleum

release

into

the

environment.

on

land,

oil

spills

are

usually

localized

and thus

their

答案

:The eco- city will combine elements of traditional design with the latest green technologies.

impact can be eliminated. Relatively easily. In contrast, marine oil spills may result in oil pollution over large areas and

3 .

预计到

2010

年将有一千辆燃料电 池车

(fuel-cell vehicles)

投入使用，而 到

2012

年将增至一万辆。

present

serious

environmental

hazards.

The

primary

source

of

accidental

oil

input

into

seas

is

associated

with

oil

答案

:One thousand fuel-cell vehicles will be estimated to put to use by 2010 and increase to l0,000 by 2012.

transportation by tankers and pipelines (about 70

％

), whereas the contribution of offshore drilling and production activities

4.

如今，各地方政府几乎无一不在探 讨有关生态农村、生态城镇或生态城市计划的话题。

is minimal (less than 1

％

). Large and catastrophic spills releasing more than 30,000 tons of oil are relatively rare events

答案

:These days, there is hardly a local government that does not talk about plans for an eco-village, town or even city.

and

their

frequency

in

recent

decades

has

decreased

perceptibly.

Yet,

such episodes

have

the

potential

to

cause

the

most

serious

5.

全世界大约一半 的人口居住在城市、所以研究能缓解城市对环境影响的途径势在必行。

ecological risk (primarily for sea birds and mammals) and result in long-term environmental disturbances (mainly in coastal

答案

:It

is

fairly

necessary

to

search

for

ways

to

reduce

the

environmental

impact

of

cities

because

around

half

of

the

world’s

zones) and economic impact on coastal activities (especially on fisheries and mariculture

海洋生物养殖

).

population is now city-dwellers(is now living in cities).

Public concern over marine oil spills has been clearly augmented since l967. More recently, the highly publicized l989

短文翻译

spill of the Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound, Alaska caused unprecedented damage to the fragile Arctic system. Since

Once at a supermarket, I read a thought-provoking sign at the check-out counter. It said the store was using only plastic

then, impressive technical, political and legal experience in managing the problem has been gained in many countries and at

bags. The supermarket claimed that the energy and exhaust fumes expelled to produce and transport the same number of paper

the international level, mainly through a number of Conventions initiated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

bags

outweighed

the

fact

that

plastic

wasn

’

t

biodegradable.

Paper

bags

take

up

more

space

and

require

more

trucks

for

transport.

原油泄漏是指由于事故导致石油泄漏到 环境中的事件。

在陆地上，

由于原油泄漏发生在局部地区，

因此其造成的影响相对来说容易清理。

so

the

store

believed

it

was

lessening

its

carbon

footprint

by

using

plastic.

It

got

me

thinking

further.

Why

not

ask

for

plastic

相比之下，

海上原油泄漏会造成大范围的石油污染并带来严重的环境危害。

约有

70

％的海上原油泄漏事故的主要原因与油轮和原油运输管 道

and bring your used plastic bags each time you visit the grocery store? If you use them five or six times, or until they start

有关，而海上钻井和采油活动引发的原油泄漏事件则占很小的比例

(

在

1

％以下

)

。泄漏三万吨以上的重大灾难性原油泄漏事故并不多见，而

falling apart. you have really done a good thing. You can also use them to line your small wastebaskets, instead of purchasing

且近几十年来这些重大事故也在逐步减 少。尽管如此，这类事故的发生依然会对生态系统，尤其是海鸟和哺乳动物，造成最严重的危害，并

plastic trash bags.

且导致海岸地区长期环境失调， 对海岸商业活动

(

如捕鱼业和海洋生物养殖业

< br>)

带来经济损失。

有一次在一 家超市的收银处，我看到了一则发人深思的广告，上面写着：本店只用塑料袋。超市声称：事实上生产和运输同量 纸袋所消耗

公众对于海上原油泄漏事件的关注从

1967

年开始明显上升。较近的一次原油泄漏事故，即众所周知的

1989< /p>

年埃克森公司“瓦尔德斯”号油

的能源和所排放的废气的危害大大 超过塑料袋不能进行生物降解的危害。而且纸袋占用的空间更大，需要更多的卡车运送。因此，超市认为

轮在阿拉斯加州威廉王子湾搁浅事件。这次事故对脆弱的北冰洋生态系统造成了有史以来最为严重 的破坏。从那之后，国际海事组织召开了

使用塑料袋可以减少碳足迹。该告示促使我作了 进一步的思考。为什么使用了塑料袋后，不能每次再去杂货店时带上重复使用呢

?

如果能用

众多会议，帮助很多国家以及国际社会在处理这一问题上获得 了很好的技术、政治和法律上的经验。

上五六次，或者用到破 了为止，你岂不是做了一件大好事。你也可以把塑料袋铺在小垃圾筐里盛垃圾，而不用再买垃圾专用塑料袋。

例文：

Computer manufacturers, chipmakers and software companies are developing

例文

consumers. While some tech companies are developing more energy-efficient product lines, others are releasing software to

A very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet. The limited amount of

make existing computers consume less. And electronics manufacturers are expanding ways to make new computers out of recycled

land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.

materials, as well as encourage customers to recycle old machines. Consumers may pay a slight premium for some eco-friendly

So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of

electronics, but many prices will be comparable with traditional offerings.

what

is

becoming

known

as

“Death

Control

”

.

You

have

no

doubt

heard

of

the

term

“

Birth

Control

”

.

“

Death

Control

”

is

something

Several factors are pushing companies to be greener. Many want to stay ahead of environmental legislation and to garner

rather difierent. It recognizes the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would

favor with green investors. And with energy prices high, they are trying to appeal to people who are looking for ways to chip

have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological innovations that

“

include farming

away at expenses.

methods and the control of deadly diseases

．

we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is

The computer industry has been working on improving energy consumption for years. The newer focus has been on toxins and

the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind.

recycling. For example, Lenovo Group Ltd. uses 10

％

to 25

％

recycled plastics harvested from water bottles. Last month, Intel

If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begain to see the problem. If every on

Corp. introduced new chips that it says will speed up computing performance without sucking up additional power. The company

the

planet

had

an

equal

share

of

land,

We

would

each

have

about

50,000

square

meters.

This

figure

seems

to

be

quite encouraging

also developed technology, called Remote Wake, to keep computers in a low- energy mode until users need them for retrieving

until we exanine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths of the world

’

s land cannot produce food.

files over the Internet. Hewlett-Packard Co

．

has developed a new feature called Auto-On/Auto-Off that puts inactive printers

Obviously,

with

so

little

land

to

support

us.

we

should

be

taking

great

care

not

to

reduce

it

further.

But

we

are

not!

Instead,

into

a

sleep

mode

and

can

quickly power

back

up

once

they

are

used

again.

This

feature

has

been

added

to

HP’s

personal

desktop

we are consuming its

“

capital

”

< br>

–

its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to

laser printers in 2009. Attention to manufacturing materials is a priority HP introduced an ink-jet printer that is made of

form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought

83

％

recycled plastics.

of as being nonrenewable, such as fertile soils. groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us.

Experts say that keeping your old computer out of the landfill is better for the environment than buying a new one.

1

．

What can be learnt about the population growth at present?

1

．

Why are computer manufacturers considering developing greener products?

答案

:It continues to increase/grow at its present rate.

答案

:Because they want to meet the requirements of environmentally conscious consumers

2

．

According to the article

，

what contributes to the population increase?

2

．

Compared to the old computer, the price of the greener machine is .

答案

:Death Control

答案

:A little/slightly/a little bit more expensive.

3

．

What is the doctors

’

job according to paragraph 2?

3

．

From the three examples, Lenovo, Intel and HP, we can know that .

答案

:They keep people who suffer from incurable diseases alive.

答案

:

Companies

want

to

stay

ahead

of

environmental

legislation

and

to

get

good

impression

from

(garner

favor

with)

green

investors.

4

．

Why isn

’

t there enough land to support human beings?

On

the

other

hand

they

are

trying

to

appeal

to

people

who

want

to

save

their

expenses

because

of

high

energy

price(

或

With

energy

答案

:Because the world

’

s land has already been taken up/occupied by the ever-increasing population.

prices high

，

they are trying to appeal to people who are looking for ways to chip away at expenses).

5

．

In paragraph 4 the fertile soils are considered as .

4

．

What is the function of Auto-On/Auto-Off ?

答案

:nonrenewable

答案

:It can put inactive printers into a sleep mode and can quickly power back up once used again.

短句翻译

5

．

What does the last sentence in the last paragraph mean?

< br>1

．亚洲大陆面积占世界陆地面积的

29

％。

答案

:Don

’

t throw your old computer away as trash in order to keep the environment clean.

答案

:Asia makes up twenty-nine per cent of

the world’

s land area.

短句翻译

2

< p>
．人口的增加使土地必须生产更多的粮食。

1< /p>

．许多政府机构继续执行鼓励使用绿色电脑的标准和规定。

答案

:The increasing population makes it necessary for the earth to produce more grain.

答案

:Many governmental agencies have continued to implement standards and regulations that encourage green computing.

3

．我们应该先进行抽样调查再写报告。

2

．绿色设计是指设计节能和对环境无害的零件。

答案

:We should conduct a sampling investigation before we write the report.

答案

:Green design means designing energy-efficient and environmentally sound components.

4

．我承认我在工 作中因缺乏经验犯过这样那样的错误。

3

．今年该公司将实行

(carry out)

公司范围内的成本消减计划。

答案

:I admit that due to lack of experience I have made mistakes of all kinds.

答案

:The company will carry out (embark on) its company-wide cost-cutting plan this year.

5

．中国的现代化工业和商品经济的发 展，促进了职业流动和人口流动。

4

．环保、慈善

(philanthropy)

和良好的员工关 系是该公司成长壮大的重要因素。

1

- 2 -

< br>答案

:Environmentalism

，

< p>
philanthropy and good employee relations have been important factors (tenets) during the growth of

through the force of the wind and waves (an example is the tidal-power station on the Rance in France) or by utilizing the

the company.

difierence in temperature between the surface and bottom of the oceans or between any two points on the Earth

’

s

5

．绿色使用是指减少计算机和其它信息系统的能源消耗，并尽量以环保的

(en vironmentally sound)

方式来使用。

latter is known as geothermal energy.

答案

:Green use means reducing the energy consumption of computers and other information systems as well as using them in

Other forms of energy are nonrenewable. These include fossil fuels such as coal, oil, oil sands, oil shale and natural

an environmentally sound (harmless) manner.

gas.

These

fuets

can

in

fact

be

considered

to

be

the product

of

the

work

of

solar

energy

during

millions

of

years

and

represent

短文翻译

a kind of stored solar energy.

Over

the

last

few

decades,

with

their

fast

development

western

civilizations

have

busily

sown

the

seeds

of

their

own

destruction.

能源的形式多种多样。有些能源可再生，如重力势能可转化为水电。另一种可再生能源，如太阳能可直接用于加热 水和给住房供暖，也

Our modem way of life, with its reliance on technology, has unwittingly exposed us to an extraordinary danger

：

plasma balls

可通过光电方法

(

直接转化

)

或者利用一组反射镜系统产生蒸汽而转化成电力。太阳能也可借助风和波浪

(

例如法国兰斯的潮汐发电站

)

，或者

spewed from the surface of the sun could wipe out our power grids

，

with catastrophic consequences. The projections of just

利 用海底和海面或地壳任意两点之间的温差而被间接利用。后者又被称作地热能。

how

catastrophic

make

chilling

reading.

It

is

hard

to

conceive

of

the

sun

wiping

out

a

large

amount

of

our

hard-earned progress. < /p>

其它形式的能源是不可再生的，包括化石燃料如煤、石油、油砂、油页岩和天然气。这些燃 料其实可看作是经过几百万年太阳能作用的

Nevertheless, it is possible. The surface of the sun is a roiling mass of plasma - charged high energy particles - some of

产物，是一种储存的太阳能。

which escape the surface and travel through space as the solar wind. From time to time, that wind carries a billion-ton glob

例文

of plasma. If one should hit the Earth

’

s magnetic shield, the result could be truly devastating.

The task- in which carbon emissions are pumped into underground reservoir rather than released - is challenging for any

在过去的几十年里，西方文明在迅速发展的同时也埋下了毁灭的种子。现代的生活方式以及所依赖 的科学技术悄然把人们推向极其危险

fuel source, but particularly so for coal. which produces more carbon dioxide than oil or natural gas.

的境地——来自太阳表面喷射的等离子球将摧毁我们的电网，造成毁灭性的后果。单单想想这一大灾难就令人 毛骨悚然。很难想象太阳就这

Under optimal current conditions, coal produces more than twice as much carbon dioxide per unit of electricity as natural

么抹杀了我们含辛茹苦创造出来的大量成果。但是，这是很可能发生的。太阳表面释放着 大量的等离子体——高能量粒子，一些从太阳表面

gas, the second most common fuel used for electricity generation. In the developing world, where even new coal plants use

逃逸，以太阳风的形式存太空中穿梭。有时太阳风携带着

10

亿吨的等离子球，即使一颗进入地球磁场，结果就可能是毁灭性 的。

lower grade coal and less efficient machinery, the equation is even worse.

例文

Without

carbon

capture

and

storage,

coal

cannot

be

green.

But

solving

that problem

will

take

global

coordination

and

billions

What would life look like without cell phones?

Today’

s hottest selling mobile phones are now loaded with features such

of dollars in investment. which no one country or company seems inclined to spend.

as MP3 music players, TV, music and wireless photo printing. Cell phones have changed so much in the past few years that with

There

are

a

few

dozen

small

demonstration

projects

in

Europe

and

in

the

United States,

most

in

the

early

stages.

But

progress

every new product launch comes another big dilemma for the cellular manufacturers. How do you create the next big hit? How

has not been promising.

does the manufacturer separate the hits from the gimmicks, while trying to decipher what cell phone users really want or

The European Union had pledged to develop 12 pilot carbon-capture projects for Europe. Many have likened carbon capture's

need

in

the

near

future?

Industry

insiders

say

the

most

popular

phones will

have

advanced

functions

that

are

simple

to

customize

road

from

the

demonstration

lab

to a

safe,

cheap,

available

reality

as

a

challenge

equivalent

to

putting

a

man

on

the moon.

for individual tastes.

Norway, which is investing heavily to test the technology, calls carbon capture its

“

moon landing

”

.

Manufacturers believe that the success of the cell phone lies in the building and development of high-speed networks to

Then there is the problem of storing the carbon dioxide. which is at some level an inherently local issue. Geologists

deliver services like video, music and high speed Intemet. While these networks are now in operation, the industry insiders

have to determine if there is a suitable underground site. calculate how much carbon dioxide it can hold and then equip it

are considering radical redesigns to phones, displays and services to ensure the new features are simple to use. Such

in a way that prevents leaks and ensures safety. A large leak of underground carbon dioxide could be as dangerous as a

developments, combined with software that allows users to customize their cell phone browser for services such as sports

leak of nuclear fuel.

scores or news, could replace PDAs and other gadgets. Cellular companies are also betting consumers will soon use phones

for everything from watching TV to studying and writing school exams. Developers should now concentrate on designing exciting

1

．

In paragraph 1

，

what does the underlined w ord

“

so

”

refer to?

new looks for phones, since few things have more direct influence over a consumer's fickle buying behavior than the emotional

答案

:The word

“

so

”

refers to

“

challenging

”

.

response that the shape, color or look of a phone evokes.

2

．

What can be learned about carbon emissions in the coal plants in developing countries?

答案

:The coal used in the coal plants is low grade and the machineries there are less efficient. As a result, produce much

1

．

What are the features of today

’

s mobile phones?

more carbon dioxide per unit of electricity,

答案

:They are loaded with (features such as) MP3 music players, TV, music and wireless photo printing.

3

．

How can the use of coal become

“

green

”

?

2

．

What will manuthctures face if they produce a new product?

答案

:Coal can become

“green”

through carbon capture and storage.

答案

:They will face a big dilemma.

4

．

According to the text

，

what has Norway been doing?

3

．

What should the most popular phones have?

答案

:Norway has been investing heavily in developing carbon capture technology

．

答案

:The most popular phones should have advanced functions to customize for individual tastes.

5

．

What is the biggest concern of storing carbon at an underground site?

4

．

What will people do with cell phones in the future?

答案

:The carbon stored at an underground site could leak

．

and a large leak of underground carbon dioxide could be as dangerous

答案

:People will use phones for everything from watching TV to studying and writing school exams.

as a leak of nuclear fuel.

5

．

Why does the writer mention

短句翻译

答案

:Because he thinks that it affects customers

’

buying behavior.

1

．在很多以煤为主要能源的发展中国家 ，减少碳排放是一件极具挑战的工作。

短句翻译

答案

:Reducing carbon emission is a great challenge to developing nations where coal is a major source of energy

．

1

< br>．如今不管男女老少几乎都拥有手机。

2

．

20

世纪末的世界人口是

20

世纪六十年代的两倍。

答案

:Today almost everyone, men and women, old and young has a cell phone.

答案

:The world population by the end of the 20

?

century was twice as much as that ofthe 1960s

．

2

．这种新的网络连接形式能使大量的数据得以快速地传输。

3

．如果没有先进的技术，环境污染无法得以改善。

答案

:The new type of Internet connection could carry much data at a very high speed.

答案

:Without advanced technology

，

environmental pollution could not be improved

3

．电子邮件正在取代

(edge o ut)

传真、电话、快速邮递。它缩短了科学合作者

(scie ntific collaborators)

之间的距离。

4

．过量饮食对人体带来的危害与过量饮酒带给人体的伤害一样 严重。

答案

:E-mail

is

starting

to

edge

out

the

fax,

the

telephone,

express

mail,

which

shrinks

distance

between

scientific

collaborators.

答案

:Excessive eating could be as harmful tO health as excessive drinking

．

4

．手机从发明到现在已有很长的历史，而且在技术方面有了长足的

(by leaps and bounds)

进步。

5

．该公司正在就如何有效减少二氧化碳排放做一项实验性研究。

答案

:Mobile phones have come a long way since their invention and have advanced by leaps and bounds in regard to technology.

答案

:The company has been working on a pilot study in an effort tO cut carbon emission efficiently

5

．快速的数据传输速度可以帮助解决网络传输量巨大增长的问题。

短文翻译

答案

:The high speed of data transmission can help solve the problem of how to handle the enormous growth in the Intemet.

Many chemical com

pounds found in the Earth’s atmosphere act as

“

greenhouse gases.

”

These gases allow sunlight to enter

短文翻译

the

atmosphere

freely.

When

sunlight

strikes

the

Earth's

surface,

some

of

it

is

reflected

back

towards

space

as

infrared

radiation

A group of scientists looked for many health threats from mobile phones. They found that radio waves may affect biological

(heat). Greenhouse gases absorb this infrared radiation and trap the heat in the atmosphere. Over time, the amount of energy

cells but this may not necessarily lead to any particular harm to the adult mobile user. This can

’

t be said for small children

sent from the sun to the Earth

’

s surface should be about the same as the amount of energy radiated back into space, leaving

though. Because their skulls and cells are still growing, it is easier for radio waves from mobile phone to enter their heads

the temperature of the Earth's surface roughly constant.

and their skin tends to absorb more radiation compared to adults

．

Many gases exhibit these

“

greenho use

”

properties. Some of them occur in nature (water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane,

The hands-free phone has many benefits including the decrease in strength of radio wave radiation due to the increase in

and nitrous oxide), while others are exclusively human-made.

distance of your head to the handset. Rather than holding your mobile phone against your ear, which increases your exposure

Levels of several important greenhouse gases have increased by about 25 percent since large-scale industrialization began

to radio waves, you can now place it on your lap and still talk to someone with an ear-piece cable.

around 150 years ago. During the past 20 years, about three-quarters of human-made carbon dioxide emissions were from burning

科学家们发现了手机对健康的多种危害。他们发现电磁波可以影响细胞 ，但是未必会对使用手机的成年人带来特别严重的危害，然而对

fossil fuels.

小孩却并非如此。因为他们的头骨和细胞还在生长，手机的电磁波较容易 进入他们的头颅，他们的皮肤比成年人更容易吸收辐射。

World

carbon

dioxide

emissions

are

expected

to

increase

by

1.9

percent annually

between

2001

and

2025.

Much

of

the

increase

免提式手机有很多好处，因为它使话机和头 之间的距离更远，降低了电磁波的辐射强度。你不用把手机放到耳朵上通话，避免增加与电

in these emissions is expected to occur in the developing world where emerging economies, such as China and India, fuel their

磁波的接触，只需要把手 机放在膝盖上通过耳机就能与对方通话。

economic development with fossil energy. Developing countries' emissions are expected to grow above the world average at 2.7

例文

percent annually between 2001 and 2025.

For mobile touch technology, it's only the beginning Apple lnc

．

's phone revolutionized the mobile phone with easy- to-use

地球大气中的很多化合物都具有“温室气体”效果。这些气体可使太阳的 光线没有任何阻碍地进入到大气中。阳光到达地球表面时，其

touch-screen

technology

that

allows users

to

surf

the

Web,

tap

out

messages

or

control

any

number

of

inventive applications.

中的一 部分会变为红外线辐射

(

即热量

)

被反射同太空。温室气体吸收这些红外辐射并把热量圈在大气当中。日复一日，从太阳发射到 地球表

Developers

are

working

on

new

applications

for

“

multi- touch

”

screens.

These screens

can

process

commands

the

user

gives

面的能量与反射同太空的能量应是相等的，这样即可使地球表面的温度基本保持恒定。

with more than one finger, which broadens the possibilities for application. Other developers are working on advances in

< p>
许多气体都具备这些“温室气体”的特征。这种气体就存存于自然界中，如水蒸气、二氧化碳、甲烷 和氮氧化物，而其它的“温室气体”

“haptic”

feedback - vibrations and other physical sensations that are now used, for instance, to let a gamer know she

’

s

则完全是人类制造的。

reached a new level, but that can also be used to communicate emotions and may soon give a touch-screen keyboard the feel

150

年前开始的大规模工业化使主要温室气体的数量增加了

25

< p>
％。在过去的

20

年中，由人类活动排放的二氧化 碳约

75

％都是由燃烧化

of a physical keyboard. And for those who still prefer to work with keys on their phones, even some traditional keyboards

石燃料造成的。

will perform certain functions in response to touch commands.

人们预测

2001

年至

2025

年全球二氧化碳排放将会以

1.9

％的年增长率增加。这其中大部分的增长将会发生在以燃烧化石能源促进经济 发展

Software developers set to work on multi-touch applications. Some, for instance, allow users to play virtual musical

的新兴 经济体中，例如中国印度。

2001

年至

2025

年这些发展中国家的碳排放将会以平均每年

2.7< /p>

％的比例增长，这个数字大大超过了世界

instruments on the phone. But multi-touch developers have largely focused on games.

的年平均增长率。

Haptic

technology

already

has

many

non- mobile

applications.

In

videogames, for

instance,

it

can

give

gamers

the

sensation

of actually steering a car they're controlling on the screen. In medical training, it can make procedures like endoscopy

例文：

performed on a simulator feel real, so that medical personnel can develop a better sense of how to perform them

．

The use of

By the year 2050 it is estimated that the world’s population could

have increased to around 12 billion. Of these, some

haptics in mobile phones is still in its infancy. but the wider deployment of haptic enabled phones will open the door to

60 percent will live within 60km of the sea. The agricultural and industrial activities required to support this population

new applications.

will increase the already significant pressures on fertile coastal areas.

For

now,

at

least

many

mobile

users

prefer

the

accuracy

of

a

physical

keyboard rather

than

a

touch

screen.

A

new

technology

One significant impact of human activity is marine pollution. The most visible and familiar is oil pollution caused by

is being designed to allow the best of both worlds: a keyboard that can also respond to touch commands.

tanker accidents and tank washing at sea.

Despite the scale and visibility of such impacts, the total quantities of pollutants entering the sea from the long line

1

．

Why do we say Apple

’

s iPhone is a revolution?

of catastrophic oil spills appeared small compared with those of pollutants introduced directly and indirectly from other

答案

:Because Apple is the first to develop a new technology called easy-to- touch-screen.

sources (including domestic sewage, industrial discharges, leakages, urban and industrial run-off, accidents, spillages,

2

．

What is the advantage of multi-touch screen?

explosions, sea dumping operations, oil production, mining, agriculture nutrients and pesticides, waste heat sources and

答案

:The scteens can process commands the user gives with more than one finger,

radioactive discharges).

3

．

What is the haptic feedback technology?

Nutrient

pollution

from

sewage

discharges

and

agriculture

can

result

in unsightly

and

possibly

dangerous

of

algae

答案

:It is vibrations and physical sensations.

in coastal waters. As these blooms die and decay they use up the oxygen in the water, this led, in some areas,to

4

．

What do gamers feel if they use haptic technology in videogames?

dead zones

答案

:The gamers feel that they have the actual sensation when they play games.

Radioactive pollution has many causes, including the normal operation of nuclear power stations. Radioactive elements

5

．

Why do many people like a physical keyboard nowadays?

traceable to reprocessing can be found in seaweeds as far away as the West Greenland Coast.

答案

:Because they like the accuracy of a physical keyboard.

Trace metal pollution from metal mining, production and processing industries can damage the health of marine plants and

短句翻译

animals and render some sea foods unfit for human consumption.

1

．这项技术使移动通讯行业产生 了突破性变革。

答案

:This technology revolutionized mobile communication.

1

．

Why is it difficult to support the population on fertile coastal areas by the year 2050?

2

．多触摸功能是其最大的卖点之一

(eye-catching feature)

。

答案

:Because 60

％

of the world

’

s population will live with in 60km of the sea.

答案

:The multi-touch capability is among its most eye-catching features

．

2

．

How many kinds of sea pollutions are mentioned in the passage?What are they?

3

．戴 尔是一家跨国技术公司，总部设在德克萨斯州。

答案

:There are four

：

marine pollution, nutrient, pollution, radioactive pollution, trace metal pollution.

答案

:Dell Inc

．

based in Texas, is a multinational company.

3

．

What is mentioned as the most visible and familiar marine pollution?

4

．制造商经常在用户购买新电脑的时 候提供免费更换服务。

答案

:Oil pollution.

答案

:Manufactures often offer a free replacement service when users purchase a new PC.

4

．

Marine life dies in creeping dead zones because of the lack of .

5

．很多多点触控界面

(inte rfaces)

的产品已经出现，而且正在广泛地应用。

答案

:Oxygen.

答案

:Many products for multi- touch interfaces have already existed and are being widely applied.

5

．

The West Greenland Coast has been polluted by

．

短文翻译

答案

:Radioactive elements.

The keyboard, being developed by the researchers, responds normally when a letter or number is pressed. But a user could

短句翻译

scroll down a Web page by running a finger lightly across the key board; pressing a little harder might be the command to

1

．一些污染源已经通过立法得到控制 。

scroll taster or zoom in on a page. The technology is expected to start being employed in mobile phones in 2010 or 2011.

答案

:Some sources of pollution have been brought under control by legislation.

研究人员在研制这样一种键盘，当用户按下一个字母或者数字的时候，它可以作出正常反应。 用户可以通过手指轻轻地上下触摸键盘来

2

．用电动车来取代汽 油和柴油车可减少城市污染。

滑动网页：如果用力稍重一点， 则表明滑动得更快或者放大页面的指令。这项技术有望于

2010

年或者

2011

年运用在手机上。

答案

:Replacing petrol and diesel vehicles with electric cars can free our cities from pollution.

3

．要从源头

(at Source)

来规范危险化学品的生产和使用。

例文

答案

:The production and use of dangerous chemicals should be regulated at source

．

Oil and natural gas are an important part of our everyday life. Not only do they give us mobility, they heat and cool

4

．最近所发生的一切除了会造 成明显可见的短期影响外，也会导致严重的长期问题。

our

homes

and

provide

electricity.

Millions

of products

are

made

from

oil

and

gas,

including

plastics,

life-saving

medications,

答案

:In addition to the visible short-term impacts. what has happened recently can also cause

／

result in severe long- term

clothing, cosmetics, and many other items you may use daily.

problems.

In

the

United

States

，

97

％

of

the

energy

that

drives

the

transportation

sector

(cars,

buses,

subways,

railroads,

airplanes,

5

．污染的海 岸水域引发的死亡和疾病每年要耗费全球经济

128

亿美元。< /p>

etc.) comes from fuels made from oil.

答案

:Death and disease caused by polluted coastal waters cost the global economy US$$12.8 billion a year.

Auto manufacturers are developing cars to run on alternate fuels such as electricity, hydrogen and ethanol. However, the

短文翻译

electric batteries need to be charged and the fuel to generate the electricity could be oil or gas. The hydrogen needed for

In

addition

to

the

sewage

，

cities

produce

many

tons

of

trash

and

junk

each

day.

Bottles,

garbage,

plastic

bags,

waste

paper,

fuel cells could also be generated from natural gas or petroleum-based products. Even as alternative fuels are developed, oil

cans and even junked cars make up much of this waste. Solid waste is an increasing problem. If it is dumped on land. it breeds

will be crucially important to assuring that people can get where they need to be and want to go for the foreseeable future.

rats, flies and mosquitoes and produces odors. One way to handle it is to make sanitary landfills. Here the trash is crushed

In

areas

of

the

world

that

are

still

developing.

businesses

and

individuals

are demanding

greater

mobility

for

themselves

and covered with soil.

and their products. World vehicle ownership is projected to increase from 122 vehicles per thousand people in 1999 to 144

< p>
除了污水外，城市每天还要产生很多吨的垃圾及废弃物。垃圾堆里大部分东西是瓶子、残羹剩饭、塑 料袋、废纸、罐头盒，甚至还有报

vehicles per thousand in 2020, with the growth occurring in developing nations. Airports are being added in these countries

废的汽车。固体垃圾的问题越来越大。随地倒垃圾会滋生老鼠、苍 蝇和蚊子并产生臭味。有一种处理垃圾的方法就是进行卫生填埋，将垃圾

as well, expanding jet fuel demand. Oil is expected to remain the primary fuel source for transportation throughout the world

压碎之后用土盖上。

for the foreseeable future, and transportation fuels are projected to account for almost 57

％

of total world oil consumption

by 2020.

例文：

World population is currently around 6 billion people, but is expected to grow to approximately 7.6 billion by 2020. That

China's

unprecedented

growth

in

recent

years

has

come

at

a

terrible

price.

Two-thirds

of

its

rivers

and

lakes

are

too

polluted

will mean a huge increase in the demand for transportation fuels, electricity, and many other consumer products made from

for industrial use, let alone agriculture or drinking. Just 1 in 100 of China's nearly 600 million city dwellers breathes

oil and natural gas.

air that would be considered safe in Europe. At a time when arable land is in short supply, poisoned floodwaters have ruined

many productive fields.

1

．

According to the text

，

how important is oil to our life?

The immensity of these troubles has produced a result that may surprise many outside China

：

The nation has emerged as

答案

:Oil

and

gas

give

us

mobility,

they

heat

and

cool

our

homes

and

provide electricity.

They

can

also

be

made

into

many

products

an

incubator

for

clean

technology,

vaulting to

the

forefront

in

several

categoies.

Among

all

countries,

China

is

now

the

largest

that we use every day.

producer of photovoltaic solar panels, thanks to such homegrown manufacturers as Suntech Power.

The country is the world’s

2

．

What is a disadvantage of electric batteries used in automobiles?

second largest market for wind turbines

．

In car- making, China

’

s BYD Auto has leapfrogged global giants, launching the first

答案

:They must be charged and the fuel to generate the electricity could be oil or gas.

mass-produced hybrid that plugs into an electrical outlet.

3

．

Can alternate energy completely replace oil and gas in the foreseeable future?Why?

Understanding they are in a global race, China's leaders are supporting businesses with policies and incentives. Beijing

答案

:No

，

it can

’

t. Oil and gas will still be crucially important to assuring that people can get where they need to be and

recently hiked China's auto mileage standards to a level the U.S. is not expected to reach until 2020. Beijing also says it

want to go for the foreseeable future.

will boost the country's share of electricity created from renewable sources to 23

％

by 2020, from 16

％

today, on par with

4

．

Where in the world can we see the big increase in car ownership?

similar

targets

in

Europe.

Beijing's

green intentions

will

soon

be

put

to

the

test.

China

is

in

the

midst

of

the

biggest

building

答案

:In the developing world.

boom in history. A study estimates that over 350 million people will migrate from the countryside into cities by 2025. Five

5

．

What will the increase of world population indicate?

million buildings will be added, including 50,000 skyscrapers-equal to 10 New York Cities. And as new offices and houses

答案

:That will mean a huge increase in the demand for transportation fuels, electricity, and many other consumer products made

multiply, they are filled with energy- hungry computers, TVs, air conditioners, and the like, sharply increasing demand for

from oil and natural gas.

electricity, which comes mainly from coal-powered plants

．

短句翻译

1

．大多数替代能源不仅可以给我们带来清洁空气，它们还是可再生的。

1

．

What are some of the downsides to China

’

s growth?

答案

:Not only do the majority of the alternative energies give us clean air, they are renewable as well.

答案

:Rivers, lake and air are seriously polluted. Water and agricultural land have been poisoned.

2

．许多生活日用 品都是由石油制成的。

2

．

According to the passage

，

how many people in China breathe safe air?

答案

:Many of the products we use daily are made from petroleum.

答案

:6 million.

3

．尽管许多国家在研发并开始使用不同的替代能源，在未来很长的一段时间化石燃料仍将是占 据主导地位的能源。

3

．

What can be learned about Suntech Power?

答案

:Though many countries are researching and developing and are applying different alternative energy, fossil fuels will

答案

:1t is a domestic (homegrown) manufacturer of photovoltaic solar panels.

remain crucially important for a long time in the future.

4

．

What are Beijing

’

s green intentions?

4

．专家预计：北京的汽车占有量将超过每干人

200

辆。

答案

:Beijing will boost the country

’

s share of electricity created from renewable sources to 23

％

by 2020.

答案

:It is estimated (projected) that the car ownership in Beijing will exceed 200 per thousand people.

5

．

What will be increased sharply by the year 2025 in China?

< p>
5

．在未来几十年，世界人口仍将持续增长。这意味着能源需求将进一步增 加。

答案

:City population

．

答案

:World population will continue to grow in the next few decades

．

This will mean an increasing in the demand for energy.

短句翻译

短文翻译

1

．环境污染和自然灾害是经济发展应付出的代价。

Energy

is

available

in

many

forms.

Some

are

renewable

such

as

gravity,

which

can

be

converted

to

hydroelectricity.

Another

答案

:Environmental pollution and natural disasters are the price we have to pay for developing the economy.

renewable,

such

as

solar

energy,

can

be

used

directly

to

heat

water

and

dwellings

or

be

converted

into

electricity

by

photovoltaic

2

．化石 能源的紧缺促使很多能源公司去开发替代能源。

methods

(direct

conversion)

or

by

the

production

of

steam

using

a

system

of

mirrors.

Solar

energy

can

also

be

employed

indirectly

答案

:The shortaage of fossil fuels has made many energy companies develop alternative energy sources.

2

- 3 -

< br>3

．丰田汽车公司已经开始大规模生产其混合动力车

Pr ius

，这在很大程度上超过了其它汽车制造大企业。

out tomorrow

’

s weather, and even do translation work.

答案

:Toyota Auto has begun mass-producing its hybrid model Prius, which has leapfrogged other auto giants.

短文翻译

4

．政府通过政策激励来促使国有企业节能减排。

The Internet is a giant network of computers located all over the world that communicate with each other.

答案

:Governments are boosting (promoting) energy conservation and emission reduction through policies and incentives.

The goal of your use of the Intemet is exchanging messages or obtaining information. What you need to know is that you

5

．随着人口的成倍增长

(multiply )

，世界将会对能源有如饥似渴般的需求。

can exchange message with other computers on the Intemet and use your computer as a remote terminal on distant computers.

答

案

:As population multiplies, the world will become energy-hungry.

But the intemal details of the link are 1ess important. as long as it works. If you connect computers together on a network,

短文翻译

each

computer

must

have

a

unique

address,

which

could

be

either

a

word

or

a

number.

For

example,

the

address

of

Sam

’

s computer

China’

s investments in renewable energy in 2009 exceeded those made by the United States for the first time. With its

could be Sam, or a number.

investments growing 50 percent in 2009, China committed $$34.6 billion to wind power, solar energy and other forms of renewable

Although all these services can well satisfy the needs of the users for information exchange, a definite requirement is

energy,

making

it

the

world

’

s

biggest

investor

in

such

projects.

China

invested

nearly

double

the

United

States

’

$$18.6

billion.

needed

for

the

users.

Not

only

should

the

users

know

where

the

resources

locates,

but

also

he

should

know

some

operating

commands,

while the United Kingdom, which has a much smaller population, was the third largest investor with $$11.2 billion in 2009. The

concerned to ease the searching burden of the users, recently some convenient searching tools appear, such as Gopher, WWW and

study of investments by G-20 nations also found that China

’

s installed renewable energy capacity surged to 52.5 gigawatts,

Netscape.

putting it just behind the United States. which had 53.4 gigawatts of capacity in 2009.

互联网是由位于世 界各地相互通信的计算机连接而成的巨大的计算机网络。

China is emerging as the world

’

s clean energy powerhouse. Having built a strong manufacturing base and export markets,

使用互联网的目的是交换讯息或 获得信息。

你只须知道你可以与互联网上的其它计算机交换讯息并将你的计算机用作远端 计算机的远程

China is working now to meet domestic demand by installing substantial new clean energy-generating capacity to meet ambitious

终端，而网络链接的内部细节并不太重要，只要网络能工作就行。若将多台计算机连接到 网络上，每台计算机须有唯一的地址，地址可以是

renewable energy targets. Over the past six months alone, China has signed deals with American solar companies to build solar

一个文字或一个数字。例如

Sam< /p>

的计算机地址可以是

Sam

或一个数字。

power plants that would generate 4,000 megawatts ofelectricity.

虽然所有这些服务可以很好地满足用户对信息交换的需要，但 用户仍需具备一些特定的条件。用户不仅要知道信息资源所处的位置，

2009

年中国在可再生能源上的投资首次超过了美国。

2009

年中国政府为开发风电、太阳能和其它可再生资源共投资

346

亿美元，同比

而且还要知道一些有关的操作命令。为了减轻用户寻找信息的负担 ，近来出现了一些方便的搜索工具，如

Gopher

，

www

和

Netscape

。

增长了

50

< br>％，这也使得中国成为世界上最大的可再生能源的投资者。中国的这项投资几乎相当于美国

186

亿美元投资的两倍，而英国，虽然

< p>
人口数量要比中国和美国小很多，但在可再生能源上的投资却排在世界第三位，他们

2009

年的投资额为

112

亿美元。

20

国集团

(G-20)

对可

例文

再生能 源投资所做的研究还表明，目前中国已安装完善的可再生能源发电总量已飞速发展到

52 5

亿瓦特，仅次于美国

2009

年的< /p>

534

亿瓦特

The launch of Apple

’

s iPad in the US is a polarising moment. The television news lingers on the queues outside Apple

发电总量。

stores,

and

fans

are

seen

drooling

over

these latest

shiny

objects

of

techno-lust.

Doubters,

meanwhile,

point

out

that

general

中国已成为世界新兴的清洁能源发电站。拥有强大的生产基地 和庞大的出口市场，中国目前正致力于大批安装清洁能源发电设施以满

purpose

tablet-style

computers

such

as

this

have

always

bombed

before

-

and

if

the touch-screen

interface

is

so

revolutionary,

足国内对可再生能源不断增加的需求。仅仅在过去的六个月中，中国就已经和一些美国的太阳能公司签署了建造 拥有

4000

兆瓦发电能力的

why is Apple going to sell an old-fashioned keyboard to plug into it?

太阳能发电站的协议。

To focus on issues such as these, though, would be to miss the point. This launch is about much more than just another

piece of personal technology hardware, no matter how desirable. For the iPad is an extension of the most significant new

例文

development in computing since the birth of the personal computer. If it takes off, it would seal Apple's rebound to the very

There are pros and cons for command and market economies.

top of the heap in the computing world. Starting with the iPhone in 2007 and followed by the iPod Touch the same year, Apple

Let's

look

at

the

command

economy

first.

The

foundation

of

it

is

that

it

is

directed

and

controlled

by

a

centralized

government.

has been changing the way people relate to intelligent portable devices. Touch has become the interface and connected

“app

A command economy means that the government is involved in every step. There are other downsides to a command economy. Often

stores”

the new place to find services and content

．

factories don

’

t meet quotas, needs are underestimated, and a product could sell too quickly, and so on. Basically things have

Between

them,

the

iPhone

and

the

Touch

already

represent

the

fastest-growing new

computing

platform

in

history,

according

to be adusted. Production and prices might have to be increased or decreased; there might be restrictions on the number of

to Mary Meeker, internet analyst with Morgan Stanley. With the iPad, Apple is now staking out a big piece of extra territory

items a person could buy.

for this l purpose, tablet-style devices have proved a graveyard for technology companies before. But with

Now let's look at the market economy. That means private enterprise with the government not making the decisions. Here's

a model honed on the iPhone, Apple starts with a better chance than others. And even if initial sales are disappointing -

how it works. We'll use the example of clothing. Maybe somebody - say Jack - decides to open a company making clothes. He

as they were for the iPod and iPhone - Apple has at least outlined the shape of a big new potential market for the army of

designs

and

makes

them

fashionable

so

people

will

want

to

buy

and

wear

them.

If

the

clothes

become

popular

then

Jack

can

increase

software developers who have hitched their fortunes to its technology.

the price and keep increasing it. By doing this Jack can make more profit and or expand his business to make even more money.

At the same time other people will have noticed how well he is doing and will start up new businesses in competition. This

1

．What will be the television news focus after the launch of Apple’S iPad in

USA?

way prices will level off or even come down because people will buy the thing costing less. The companies will have to cut

答案

:The television news will focus on the long line standing in front of Apple stores. and fans who are drooling over these

costs, and perhaps do with less profit to stay in business. In this case the market economy is the way to go.

latest shiny objects of techno-lust.

With a command economy the government runs everything and everybody, but with a market economy the government supposedly

2

．

In what situation will Apple rebound to the very top in the computing world?

provides

assistance

only

to correct

problems

that

can't

be

solved

by

the

market.

With

a

command

economy

come

chronic

shortages,

答案

:If the iPad becomes popular

，

it will help Apple rebound to the top of the business.

inefficiencies.

On

the

other

hand,

the

market

economy

offers greater

opportunities

for

economic

growth,

technological

progress

3

．

What changes has Apple already brought to intelligent portable devices?

and prosperity.

答案

:Apple

has

been

changing

the

way

people

relate

to

intelligent

portable

devices.

Touch

has

become

the

interface

and

connected

“app stores’’

the new place to find services and content.

1

．

What is the role of government in the command economy?

4

．

What

’

s Mary Meeker

’

s analysis to iPhone and the Touch?

答案

:The economy is directed, controlled by the centralized government.

答案

:The iPhone and the Touch already represent the fastest-growing new computing platform in history.

2

．

What might be restricted in the command economy?

5

．

In the sentence

“

Tablet-style devices have proved a graveyard for technology comparies before,

”

what does the word

答案

:How much of an item a person can buy.

“

graveyard

”

mean?

3

．

What is the market economy?

答案

:It means that the tablet-style devices will disappear from history.

答案

:Market economy means private enterprise with the government not making the decisions.

短句翻译

4

．

Who is Jack according to the text?

最初，

iP ad

主要被当作一款媒体消费设备——用它来读书、看视频、或翻阅带有视频以及文字和 图片的新型电子杂志，要比用

iPhone

答案

:Jack is a virtual person who owns a company that makes clothes.

的效果更理想。但是，与

< br>iPhone

一样，关键之处将在于人们如何接受它、使用它，以及应用程序开发 者多快能寻找到利用其特性打造新体

5

．

What does the market economy provide?

验的办法。

人们当然有理由对它持有疑虑。它的屏幕更大，

因此 它可能不如智能手机那么便携；

它缺少内置的键盘，因此作为一个输入设备，

< p>
答案

:The market economy provides/offers greater opportunities for economic growth, technological progress and prosperity.

它可能不如

PC

或

M ac

那么有用。但

iPad

的

9.7

英寸高分辨率显示屏

(high

—

resolution screen)

，将成为计算机业播种梦想

(dream to be

短句翻译

sketched)

的下个处女地

(virgin territory)

。

当今，经济学在商业方面起着越来越大的作用。商人们清楚地认识到研究工作的重要性，他们需要 通过研究来发现什么样的条件有助于

iPad

used

mainly

as

a

media

consumption

device

-

a

better

place

than

the

iPhone

to

read

books

，

watch

video

，

or

flick

through

出售他 们的商品，对他们的商品有什么需求，以及能够得到什么样的国际市场等等。

new electronic versions of magazines that offer video as well as text and pictures. But, as with the iPhone, the real story

Economics

plays

an

increasingly

important

part

in

business

today.

Businessmen

see

clearly

the

necessity

for

research.

They

will lie in how it is taken up and used - and how quickly other application developers find ways to exploit its unique

need research to discover what sort of conditions will help them sell their goods, what demand there will be for their goods,

characteristics to create new experiences. There are certainly reasons for doubt. The larger screen may make it less portable

what foreign markets will be available and so on.

than a smartphone, its lack of a built-in keyboard less useful as an input device than a PC or Mac. But the iPad

’

s 9.7 inch,

短文翻译

high- resolution screen is about to become the virgin territory on which the computer industry

’

s next dreams will be sketched.

Globalization is a fact of life. But we have underestimated its fragility. The problem is this. The spread of markets grow

短文翻译

faster than the ability of societies and their political systems to adjust to them, let alone to guide the course they take.

In

the

past

few

years

，

what

has

remained

the

most

discussed

issue

in

science world

is

the

innovation

of

clouds-computing.

History teaches us that such an imbalance between the economic, social and political realms can never be sustained for very

What is clouds- computing and how is it going to shape our life?

long.

There are two parts to understanding the platform. The first is to do with the processing power and data storage, which

The industrialized countries learned that lesson in their bitter and costly encounter with the Great Depression. In order

have been moving away from individual computers into massive, centralized datacenters. This is bringing industrial scale to

to restore social harmony and political stability. they adopted social safety nets and other measures. That insured possible

number-crunching - and is making it possible to unleash supercomputing power on everyday tasks: analyzing a city

’

s traffic

successive moves towards globalization, which brought about the long-period of expansion.

patterns, for example, to predict where jams will crop up.

全球化已成为无法回避的事实。但是我们低估 了它的脆弱。问题就在于此，市场的快速扩展已超出了社会及其政治制度适应其发展的能

The

second

part

lies

in

the

billions

of

intelligent

personal

devices

-

think

smart

phones

and

netbooks

-

capable

of

plugging

力，更谈不上引导市场发展的进程了。历史 经验告诉我们：这种经济、社会和政治领域的不平衡绝不会持续很久。

into

this

centralized computing resource

via

the internet.

That

means

individuals

(and

not

just

companies

or

governments) will

工业化国家在遭遇经 济大萧条时付出了惨重、昂贵的代价，因此而吸取了教训。为了恢复社会和谐、政治稳定，他们采用了社会安全体

be able to take advantage of these information

“clouds”

.

系和其它一些措施，确保了不断迈向经济全球化而带来的长期市场扩张。

So where does this lead us? Two broad predictions spring to mind. One is that making so much information and processing

power

available

at

very

low

cost

will

produce

new

breakthroughs.

Science,

for

instance,

could

be

revolutionized,

as researchers

例文

gain access to previously unimaginable amounts of data and develop ways to cross-refer between disciplines.

If the CPI, Consumer Price Index was 2.1

％

in a country, what does that mean? In a nutshell, it means that consumers in

The

second

prediction

is

that

personal

computing

devices

will

become

super

smart

as

they

are

able

to

draw

on

the

intelligence

that country paid 2.1

％

more than in the previous year for the goods and services included in the CPI basket. Although prices

of t he

“

cloud

”

< br>. Already, Google is talking about adding instantaneous voice translation to its phones

．

of

goods

and

services

rise

and

fall

over

time,

when

prices

change

too

dramatically,

they

can

have

negative

effects

on

an

economy.

The big changes represented by these computing shifts may not be complete by the end of this decade - but they will be

In order to tell if an economy is experiencing inflation, deflation or stagflation, we use the CPI as a gauge of the prices

well under way.

of goods and services.

过去几年科技领域的热门话题，一直是云计算的兴起。但这一新发 明到底是什么，它将如何改变我们的生活

?

When the Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistic releases the CPI

data monthly, the CPI

’

s results are widely

我们需要从两个方面来理解这一平台。

第一个方面与处理能力及数据存 储有关——这部分功能已经从个人电脑转移到了大型的中央集成

anticipated and watched. Who would eagerly await the results, you might ask? Well

，

the CPI plays an important role for many

数据中心。 它将使数字处理形成产业化规模，并使超级计算能力可以被用于日常工作：比如，分析某个城市的交通模式，以便 预测哪个地点

key financial decision makers, including individual investors, the Central Banks and the Federal Reserve in the U.S. The CPI

会发生交通堵塞。

helps central banks forecast the interest-rate policy and other decisions of major banks and corporations.

第二个方面是，数十亿台智能个人设备——如智能手机、 上网本——能够通过互联网接入这一集中化计算资源。这意味着，个人

(

而不

I mentioned the CPI basket before and now I want to expand on what this basket is and how we get the information. The

仅仅是 企业或政府

)

将能够利用这些信息“云”

。

base-year

market

basket,

which makes

up

the

CPI,

comes

from

detailed

expenditure

information

collected

from

surveys

of

thousands

那么，它将带领我们走向何方

< p>
?

我脑海中闪现了两个宽泛的预测。一个是，使人们能以非常低的成本获得 如此多的信息与处理能力，将

of families. The information is not randomly collected, instead, the information is gathered through interviews and diaries

会带来新突破。例如，科学领域可能会发生彻底的变革，因为研究人员 能够获取之前难以想象的海量数据，并且研发出在各学科之间相互指

kept

by

participants

who

have

agreed

to

disclose

their

buying

habits.

The

basket

is

divided

into

eight

groups

：

food

and

beverages,

引参照的方法。

housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education and communication, and other goods and services, and

第二个预测是，个人计算设备 将变得超级智能，因为它们可以利用“云”的智能。谷歌已经开始讨论在其手机中加入同步语音翻译功

< p>
includes

more

than

200

categories.

Finally,

the

prices

of

80,000

items

in

the

market

basket

are

collected

monthly

from

thousands

能。

of retail stores, service establishments, rental units, and doct

这些计算技术转变带来的重大变革可能在这十年内无法完成——但它们将会仃 长足的进展。

1

．

What is CPI short for?

例文

答案

:Consumer Price Index.

Cellular technology has been evolving since its invention. With the first cellular telephone networks, developed by Bell

2

．

What does that indicate if CPI is 3.3

％

in a country this year?

Labs

and

AT&T

cellular

technology

began

to make

leaps

forward

in

ease

of

use,

voice

quality,

and

data

miracle

答案

:Consumers in a country have to pay 3. 3

％

more than in the previous year for the goods and services.

of technology we know today as the cellular phone was made possible by a steady stream of innovation that continues on into

3

．

What will happen if prices change a lot?

the future.

答案

:They can have negative effects on an economy.

3G technology, the current standard in cellular service, improved cellular service even more. On the network side. it

4

．

Who are eager to await the results of the CPI? Why?

was even more efficient than 2G and allowed greater capacity on the cellular network. It allowed much faster data connections

答案

:Many key financial decision makers. Because the CPl play

’

s an important role for them.

that approached broadband speeds. It also allowed a consumer to use both voice and data features on their phone at the same

5

．

How is the information of the CPI basket collected?

time.

答案

:The information is collected through. Interviews and diaries kept by the participants.

However, the march of technology goes ever forward, and now there is a fourth generation of cellular technology just

短句翻译

over the horizon. Unlike previous generations of cellular network technology, 4G is not designed around voice services but

20

世纪

< p>
30

年代的大萧条

(Great Depress ion)

对大部分的美国人产生了巨大的影响。工厂倒闭，工人失业，公司和银行破产， 农民不能

is designed around the Internet. It will also do away with many of the cellular network incompatibilities between carriers

偿付贷款并失去了他们的农场，他们中的许多人只能离开家乡去寻找工作。

20

世纪

30

年代的大萧条不仅影响了美国 ，它把整个世界都搅乱

and countries. It will have blazing fast data speeds starting at 100 Mbps, and top out at 1Gbps. It is designed to be used

了。

with both mobile phones and more static computers.

The

Great

Depression

of

the

1930s

had

a

profound

(serious)

effect

on

most

of

the

population

of

the

United

States.

Factories

The developments in cellular technology promise a worldwide network of mobile voice and data communication like we've

closed

and

workers

were

out

of work; businesses

and

banks

collapsed;

farmers

could

not

repay

their

loans

and

lost

their

farms.

never seen before. Imagine a broadband connection to the Internet and crystal clear calls anywhere you go. Get ready for

Many of them had to leave their farms to search for jobs (look for jobs). The Great Depression of the 1930s didn

’

t only affect

4G!

the USA alone but turned the whole world upside down.

1

．

What contribution did Bell Lab and AT&T make to cellular technology?

短文翻译

答案

:They developed the first cellular telephone networks.

Social assistance is considered a job, which is correct. This sector,accounting for 6 percent of all jobs in this country,

2

．

What are the advantages of 3G technology over 2G?

is made up of firms and organizations that have goals that go beyond making money. Their goal is to improve the quality and

答案

:3G is even more efficient than 2G and allowed greater capacity on the cellular network. It also allowed much faster data

accessibility of their products in addition to increasing the quality of life of their members and employees, by educating

connections and allowed a consumer to use both voice and data features on their phones at the same time.

and training them.

3

．

How is 4G designed differently from the previous generations of cellular network technology?

Many of these companies focus more specifically on helping build basic job skills in the most needy people - young people

答案

:4G is not designed around voice services but is designed around the Intemet

．

who may never have worked and older long-term unemployed people. The second group is mostly men who once worked in traditional

4

．

Name the major advantages of 4G

．

industries and who find the skills that gave them status are no longer in demand.

答案

:It will do away with many of the cellular network incompatibilities between carriers and countries

．

It will have blazing

社会援助被看作是一个职业，这是正确的。这个 领域占该国所有就业机会的

6

％，是由一些不以盈利为目的的公 司和组织构成的。他们

fast data speeds. It is designed to be used with both mobile phones and more static computers.

的主要目标是通过教育和培训的方式 提高他们的成员或雇员的生活质量。此外，还要提升他们的产品质量和可获性。

5

．

In the sentence

“

It will have blazing fast data speeds starting at 100 Mbps

，

and top out at 1Gbps

．

”

How do you understand

许多这样的公司把重点专门放在那些最 贫困的人群上，即那些从来没有工作过的年轻人和长期失业的年长者，帮助他们培养最基本的

“

top out at 1Gbps

”

?

工作技能。第二类群 体主要是那些曾经在传统行业中工作的人们，他们发现曾经给他们带来一定地位的那些技能已经不再被社会所需要 。

答案

:It means

“

the fastest speed can reach l Gbps

”

．

短文翻译

例文

3G

的 全称为第三代数字通信。

1995

年问世的第一代数字手机只能 进行语音通话；而

1996

到

1997

年出现的第二代数字手机便增加了接

The

Internet

is

the

largest

repository

of

information

which

can

provide

very large

network

resources.

The

network

resources

收数据的功能，如接收电子邮件或网页；第三代与前两代的主要区别是在传输声音和数据的速度上的提升，它能 够处理图像、音乐、视频等

can

be

divided

into

network facilities

resources

and

network

information

resources.

The

network

facilities resources

provide

多种媒体形式，提供包 括网页浏览、电话会议、电子商务等多种信息服务。

us the ability of remote computation and communication. The network information resources provide us all kinds of information

3G is short for the Third Generation Digital Communication. The first generation of digital communication developed in

services such as science, education, business, history, law, art, and entertainment,etc.

1995 only allowed voice transmission on the phone. By 1996 and 1997, the 2G digital cellphones had a new feature that is data

The most commonly used network service is electronic mail. Mail permits network users to send textual messages to each

transmission. such as emails and access to the Intemet. The biggest difierence between 3G and the first two generations lies

other. Computers and networks handle delivering the mail, so that communicating mail users do not have to handle details of

in

the

features

that

voice

and

data

can

be

transmitted

at

a

much

faster

speed

and

that

photos,

music,

and

videos

can

be transmitted

delivery, and do not have to be present at the same time or place.

and that it provides services like access to the Internet. Teleconferencing. E-commerce and the like.

Before you can use the Internet

，

you must choose a way to move data between the Intemet and your PC. This link may be a

短文翻译

high-speed data communication circuit, a local area network(LAN)

，

a telephone line or a radio channel. Most likely, you will

Telecommunications

carriers

are

expanding

their

data

transmission

capabilities

，

known

as

by

replacing

copper

use a Modem attached to your telephone line to talk to the Intemet.

wires with fiber optic cables. Fiber optic cable, which transmits light signals along glass strands, permits faster, higher

Worldwide web (www) is a networked hypertext protocol and user interface. It provides access to multiple services and

capacity transmissions than traditional copper wire. In some areas, carriers are extending fiber optic cable to residential

documents like Gopher does but is more ambitious in its meyhod. A jump to other Internet service can be triggered by a mouse

customers, enabling them to offer cable television

，

video-on-demand, and faster high-speed Intemet.

click on a

Wireless

telecommunications

carriers

are

deploying

several

new

technologies

to allow

faster

data

transmission

and

better

As more and more systems join the Internet, and as more and more forms of information can be converted to digital form,

Internet access in an effort to make them more competitive in a market that includes wired Internet carriers. With faster

the amount of stuff available to Internet users continues to grow. At some points very soon after the nationwide (and later

connection speeds, wireless carriers can transmit music, videos, applications, and other content that can be downloaded and

worldwide) Intemet started to grow, people began to treat the Net as a community.

played on cellular phones, giving users mobile access to large amounts of data. In addition, as use of this mobile technology

So we can say that the Internet is your PC's window to the rest of the world.

increases, wireless companies continue to develop the next generation of technologies that will allow even faster data

transmission.

1

．

What can network resources be divided into?

电信运营 商们正将铜线替换为光纤电缆以扩充数据传输能力，即所谓的“带宽”

。光纤电缆，通过 玻璃质纤维传导光信号，与传统的铜

答案

:They are divided into network facilities resources and network information resources.

线电缆相比，可使 信号传输更快、传输容量也更大。在一些地区，运营商还将光纤电缆的客户群延伸至普通的居民中。这样可以使他 们观看

2

．

What

< br>’

s the function of each network resource?

有线电视、录像点播，以及高速因特网服务等。

答案

:The network facilities resources provide us the ability of remote computation and communication and also provide us all

为了使自己在市场中更具竞争力，无线电信运营商们正在使用一些新技术使数据 传输更加快捷、使互联网应用更加方便。有了更快的连

kinds of information services(such as science, education, business, history, law, art, and entertainment). < /p>

接速度，无线通讯可以传送音乐、录像、应用程序，下载其它内容并在手机上播放，还能够 使用户获取大量数据。另外，随着移动技术使用

3

．

< p>
Why do most people choose the Intemet to deliver e-mails nowadays?

的持续增加，无线通讯公司也 在不断开发下一代新技术，这将使数据传输更加快捷。

答案

:Because it is the fastest and most convenient way (to send their e-mails).

4

．

What is the most possible way you choose to move data between the Internet and your PC?

例文

答案

:Using a Modem attached to the telephone line.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a means of mitigating the contribution of fossil fuel emissions to global warming,

5

．

Why do people regard the Net as a community in the near future?

based on capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources such as fossil fuel power plants, and storing it away from

答案

:Because people can get and do whatever they want at home as more and more systems join the Intemet and more and more forms

the

atmosphere

by

different

means.

It

can

also

be

used

to

describe

the

scrubbing

of CO2,

from

ambient

air

as

a

geoengineering

of information are available to the amount of Intemet users.

technique.

短句翻译

The term carbon dioxide capture and storage has also been used to describe biological techniques such as biochar burial,

近几年来，计算机不仅被越来越多的人运用于生产和 技术领域，而且也用于日常生活。原因很简单，因为计算机比人的效率高的多。它

whi ch use trees, plankton, etc. to capture CO2 from the air. However, it is more conventional to use the term carbon capture

们比人有更好的记忆力，能储存 大量的信息。计算机可以做许多我们做的事情，而且做的更快、更好。它们可以在工厂里控制机器，计算出

and storage to describe non-biological processes of capturing carbon dioxide from combustion at the source.

第二天的天气，甚至可以做翻译工作。

CCS

applied

to

a

modem

conventional

power

plant

could

reduce

CO2

emissions

to

the

atmosphere

by

approximately

80-90

％

compared

In recent years more and more people have used computers not only in production and technology, but also in everyday life.

to

a

plant

without

CCS.

The

IPCC

estimates

that

the

economic

potential

of

CCS could

be

between

10

％

and

55

％

of

the

total

carbon

The simple reason is that they are far more efficient than man. They have much better memories and can store large amounts

mitigation effort until year 2100

．

of information. Computers can do many of the things we do

，

but faster and better. They can control machines in factories, work

Capturing and compressing CO2 requires much energy and would increase the fuel needs of a coal-fired plant with CCS by

3

- 4 -

25

％

-40

％

.

These

and

other

system

costs

are

estimated

to

increase

the

cost

of

energy

from

a

new

power

plant

with

CCS

by

21-91

％

.

in

the

plant

material.

Many

of

the

biomass

fuels

used

today

come

in

the

form

of

wood

products,

dried

vegetation,

crop

residues,

These

estimates

apply

to

purpose- built plants

near

a

storage

location

：

applying

the

technology

to

preexisting

plants

or

plants

and

aquatic

plants.

Biomass

has

become

one

of

the

most

commonly

used

renewable

sources

of

energy

in

the

last

two

decades,

second

far from a storage location will be more expensive.

only to hydropower in the generation of electricity. It is such a widely utilized source of energy, probably due to its low

Storage of the CO2 is envisaged either in deep geological formations, in deep ocean masses, or in the form of mineral

cost

and

indigenous

nature,

that

it

accounts

for

almost

15

％

of

the

world

’

s total

energy

supply

and

as

much

as

35

％

in

developing

carbonates. In the case of deep ocean storage, there is a risk of greatly increasing the problem of ocean acidification,

countries. mostly for cooking and heating.

a problem that also stems from the excess of carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere and oceans.

There are two issues that affect the evaluation of biomass as a viable solution to our energy problem

：

the effects of the

fanning

and

production

of

biomass

and

the

effects

of

the

factory

conversion

of

biomass

into

usable

energy

or

electricity.

There

1

．

What is Carbon Capture and Storage?

are

as

many

environmental

and

economic

benefits

as

there

are

detriments(

损害

)

to

each

issue,

which

presents

a

difficult

challenge

答案

:Carbon capture and storage is a method to reduce the contribution of fossil fuel emissions to global wanning by capturing

in evaluating the potential success of biomass as an alternative fuel. For instance, the replacement of coal by biomass could

carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources such as fossil fuel power plants, and storing it away form the atmosphere by

result in

“a considerable reduction in net carbon dioxide emissions that

contribute to the greenhouse effect

”

. On the other

different means.

hand, the use of wood and other plant material for fuel may mean deforestation. Wc are all aware of the problems associated

2

．

How is carbon dioxide capture and storage defined in biological ways?

with denuding forests, and widespread clear cutting can lead to groundwater contamination and irreversible erosion patterns

答案

:It is described as biochar burial, which use trees, plankton, etc. to capture CO2 from the air.

that could literally change the structure of the world ecology.

3

．

What is the effect of applying carbon dioxide capture and storage on a modem conventional power plant? < /p>

“生物质”是指通过光合作用储藏能量的有机物质。它既能以植物的形式存在，也可以通过 食物链转化到动物的身体和粪便中，通过燃

答案

:It could reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere by approximately 80-90

％

compared to a plant without CCS.

烧提供人们每日所需的能量同时释 放出存在于这些物质中的二氧化碳。许多我们现在使用的生物能都来自树木、干蔬菜、庄稼残留物以及水

4

．

Where will the captured carbon be stored?

生植物。在过去的

20

年中，生物能是人们最常使用的可再生能源之一，在发电方面的作用 ，仅次于水力发电。生物能的应用之所以如此广

答案

:The

captured

carbon

will

be

stored

either

in

the

deep

geological

furmations,

in

deep

ocean

masses,

or

in

the

form

of

mineral

泛，主要是因为成本低和其自然属性。正因如 此，在整个世界能源总供给中生物能就占了将近

15

％，而在发 展中国家这一比例高达

35

％，

car bonates.

主要用于烹饪

(

煮 饭

)

和取暖。

5

．

What is the problem of deep ocean storage?

有两大因素影响着 生物能是否能成为解决能源问题的切实可行的最终方案：有农耕和生物质产量的因素，还有将生物能转化成可用能 源

答案

:There is a risk of greatly increasing the problem of ocean acidification, a problem that also stems from the excess of

或电力的工厂的因素。

就每一个因素而言 都存在着许多对环境和经济带来的利益和危害。

这就使人们很难将生物能作为最具潜力的 替代能源。

carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere and oceans.

例如，生物质替代煤会大大减少导致 温室效应的碳排放，但另一方面，由于使用木材和其它植物材料又会出现采伐森林现象。我们都清楚伐

< p>
短句翻译

光树木和植物会带来什么样的问题：地 下水污染、不可逆转的土壤侵蚀，这些还会导致整个世界生态系统结构的彻底改变。

< /p>

1

．

目前，

碳捕 获和存储设施已经安装到其它应用程序设计的部件。

以石油公司为例，

< br>几十年来，

他们已经将二氧化碳注入衰退井

(fadin g

wells)

中以提高采收率。

例文

答案

:Current Carbon Capture Storage facilities have been patched together with components largely designed for other

In order to understand the role of biofuels going forward, we need to look at where we are in the evolution of energy

applications. Oil companies, for example, have been injecting carbon dioxide into fading wells for decades in order to enhance

-

where

Edwin

Drake’s

discovery

has

taken

us

over

l50

years.

The

fact

is

that

our

world

has

become

reliant

on

plentiful

supplies

recovery.

of energy and current forecasts put us on course for a rise of anything up to 45

％

in demand for energy by the year 2030.

2

．一个普遍存在的问题是关于海底或地下储存安全的长期预测是非常困难和不确定的。储存的 二氧化碳可能会泄到大气中。

Meeting this demand will be tough and it will require investment of at least $$1 trillion a year. So in terms of new fuels,

答案

:A general problem is that long term predictions about submarine or underground storage security are very difficult

biofuels are the primary means of bringing secure, sustainable, low-carbon fuel to vehicles in the next two decades

．

and uncertain and CO2 might leak from the storage into the atmosphere.

Crude

oil

is

proving

to

be

remarkably

difficult

to

substitute.

Biofuels

are

the only

viable

contender

so

far.

Our

projections

短文翻译

suggest biofuels should account for up to 20

％

of the market by 2030 - and that

’

s at the conservative end.

’

Governments

around

the

world

could

make

rapid,

substantial

and

relatively

cheap

cuts

to

carbon

emissions

by

pursuing

energy

Biofuels are the only transport energy switching option to figure materially in serious projections for carbon abatement

efficiency in place of more ambitious, but expensive, technological solutions, says a new study.

such as the IEA

’

s low- carbon,

‘

450 scenario

’

. And of course advanced biofuels are set to make an increasing contribution.

The

analysis

．

based

on

data

provided

to

the

Financial

Times

by

McKinsey,

the

consultancy.

identifies

more

energy-efficient

In the IEA 450 projection, advanced biofuels provide most new biofuels by 2020 and half of all biofuels by 2030.

cars, lighting and buildings as the

“

low-hanging fruit

”

in the global warming battle.

So biofuels have a major strategic role in the future of energy. We've been on our own journey. That leads us onto a

The

McKinsey

analysis

says

that

for

the

US

the

initial

upfront

expense

of

buying

all

electric

or

hybrid

car

would

be

rapidly

realisation

that

the

challenge

of

building

a whole

new

industry,

at

vast

scale,

with

a

reliance

on

new

technology

and

business

offset by lower fuel costs, which result in lower emissions per vehicle. It estimates a saving of 79 ($$119

，￡

52)for every

models,

represented

a great

opportunity

and

one

to

which

we

could

apply

the

skills we

have

built

upinthe

oil

and

gas

business.

tonne

of

carbon

dioxide

mitigated

by

2030

through

greater

vehicle

efficiency.

For

lighting

the

saving

is

50

and

44

for

buildings.

That therefore this industry, perhaps more than any other, will require partnerships to succeed, And most recently it

Carbon capture and storage, a much touted technology to reduce emlsslons, is 1ikely to remain much more expensive. The

has become clear to us that biofuels are actually part of a piece with our traditional core business. Biofuels are in many

initial cost of taking a tonne of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere this way would be 76 in the US in 2015, before falling

ways

the

new

oil.

The

difference

is

that

they

are

created

from

unlimited

supplies

of fresh

biomass

rather

than

finite

supplies

to 39 a tonne by 2030.

of fossilised biomass. Biofuels provide us with a

US companies should also invest in energy efficiency before they turn to buying carbon offsets overseas, if they wish

complement to our traditional core product of crude oil.

to get the most

“

bang for the buck

”

(

划算

).

一份最新研究称，各国政府可通过提高能源效率，来取代雄心 勃勃但代价高昂的技术解决方案，从而实现迅速且相对低成本的大规模减

1

．

What is the fact of the world energy supply?

排。

答案

:The fact is our needs on energy will rise by up to 45

％

in demand ror energy by the year 2030.

这一分析基于咨询公司麦肯锡

(McKinsey)

提供的数据。

该项研究认为，

< p>
在抗击全球变暖方面，

节能汽车、

节能照明和节能 建筑等方式

“更

2

．

< br>What is the role of biofuels in the next 20 years?

容易获得成功”

。

答案

:Biofuels will play a role as the primary means of bringing secure, sustainable. Low-carbon fuel to vehicles in the next

麦肯锡的分析称，对美国而言，降低燃料成本，将迅速抵消购买电动或混合动 力汽车的前期成本，将降低车辆平均排放量。报告估计，

20 years

．

到

2030

年，通过提高车辆能效，每减排一吨二氧化碳就可节约

79

欧元

(

合

119

美元或合

52

英镑

)

。通过节能照明和节能建筑的方式，相应

3< /p>

．

What does

‘

projections

’

of IEA 450 mean in this passage?

节约数字分别为

50

欧元和

44

欧元。

答案

:

It’s the estimated statistics for the carbon emission in

IEA450.

外界大肆宣扬的碳 捕集和碳存储减排技术成本可能高出很多。在

2015

年的美国 ，利用该技术从大气中减少一吨二氧化碳的初始费用将

4

．

What does

‘

our journey

’

refer to?

高达

76

欧元，到

2030

年将降至每吨

39

欧元。

答案

:

“

Our

journey

”

refers

to

the

journey

which

leads

us

onto

a

realisation

that

the

challenge

of

building

a

whole

new

industry,

如果美 国公司希望得到最划算的结果，那么在从海外购买碳补偿额度之前，也应投资提高能效的项目。

< br>

at vast scale, with a reliance on new technology and business models.

5

．

Why is it said that biofuel industry, perhaps more than any other, will require partnerships to succeed?

例文

答案

:Because it relies on new technology and business models and it also needs the skills we have built up in the oil and gas

Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century. But - regardless of whether it is

business.

or isn

’

t - we won

’

t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding

短句翻译

commitments

to

avoid

it.

But

the

more

dramatic

and

meaningful

these

commitments seem,

the

less

likely

they

are

to

be

observed.

生物燃料必须有四个特性。需要低成本— —我们成功的基准是

1

美元

1

加仑，即每桶

40

—

5 0

美元。生物燃料还必须要低碳。先进的生

Al Gore, former US Vice President, calls global warming an

“

inconvenient truth,

”

as if merely recognizing it could put

物燃料还需要有规模效应。如果 只是生产出精品类型的生物燃料

(boutique biofuels)

，那是毫无意义的。只有大规模的生产和销售才能够

us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don

’

t know enough to relieve global warming, and - without major

改变 局面。第四，先进的生物燃料从环境，社会和经济效益的角度讲，必须是可持续的。

technological breakthroughs - we can

’

t do much about it.

Biofuels

have

to have

four

qualities.

They

need

to

be

low-cost

-

our

benchmark

for

success

is

$$1

a

gallon

，

$$40-50

a

barrel.

From 2003 to 2050 the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42

％

increase. If energy

They must be low-carbon. Advanced biofuels also need to be scalable. There is no point making boutique biofuels. Only mass

use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly CO2) will be 42 percent

production and mass distribution can turn the dial (change the situation). Fourth, advanced biofuels have to be sustainable

higher

in

2050.

But

that's

too

low

because

societies

that

grow

richer

use more

energy.

We

need

economic

growth

unless

we

condemn

–

environmentally, socially and economically.

the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards

．

With modest growth, energy use and

短文翻译

greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050.

The power sector accounts for around 40

％

of global CO2 emissions. and it is clear that we cannot win the fight against

No

government

will

adopt

rigid

restrictions

on

economic

growth

and

personal freedom

(1imits

on

electricity

usage,

driving

climate

change

without

a

dramatic

shift

in

the

way

we

produce

and

consume

electricity.

With

dramatic

increases

in

global power

and

travel)

that

might

cut

back

global warming.

Still,

politicians

want

to

show

they're < /p>

something.

Consider

the Kyoto

demand,

renewable

energy

technologies

must

be

rolled

out

quickly

to

provide

emissions-free

renewable

electricity

for

Protocol.

It

allowed

countries

that

joined

to

punish

those

that

didn't.

But

it hasn't

reduced

CO2

emissions,

and

many

signatories

industrialized and developing countries alike

．

didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2010 targets.

Wind farms can be deployed at large scale when we need them. Science leaves no doubt

：

Global emissions need to peak and

The practical conclusion is that if global warming is potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an

begin to decline before 2020, and a dramatic increase in renewable energy deployment is urgently required to help make this

aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.

happen

．

While building a conventional power plant can take 10 or 12 years or more, a large wind farm can be put up in a matter

of

months,

and

a

half

completed

wind

farm

is

just

a

smaller

power

plant,

starting

to

generate

power

as

soon

as

the

first

tutrbines

1

．

What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?

are connected to the grid

．

答案

:Human being will not do much about global warming.

Wind

energy

is

a

viable

alternative

to

burning

polluting

fossil

fuels

-

it

does

not

emit

carbon

dioxide

or

other

air

pollutants

2

．

According to the author

’

s understanding, what is Al Gore

’

s view on global wanning?

Within

Three

to

six

months

of

operation,

a

wind

turbine

has

offset

all

emissions

from

its

construction,

to

run

virtually

carbon

答案

:Al Gore calls global warming an

“

inconvenient truth

，

”

as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.

free for the remainder of its 20 year lifetime.

3

．

Why will greenhouse emissions double by the year 2050?

Over 140,000 wind turbines are now producing electricity in over 70 countries around the world

．

This includes sites in

答案

:Because the world population will grow by 42

％

by 2050, and as economy will grow. and so will the energy consumption and

Europe,

Africa,

Asia,

North

and

Latin

America

and

Australia,

and

many

turbines

operate

in

severe

weather

conditions,

in

deserts,

greenhouse emission.

in snow, at high altitudes, and of course at sea. Wind energy can be used at large scale nearly anywhere, and the total wind

4

．

In

Paragraph

4

，

the

sentence

“

It

allowed

countries

that

joined

to

punish

those

that

didn’t

.

’’

< br>

What

does

the

word‘‘didn’t”

resource is sufficient to power the entire globe several times over.

refer to?

全球二氧化碳排放量的

40

％是来自电力部门。

很明显，

如果我们不在电力的生产和消费的方式上做出重大转变，

我们无法赢得应 对气候

答案

:

“Those that didn’t”

here refers to

“those countr

i

es that didn’t

jion the Kyoto

Protocol”

.

变化的战争。 随着全球电力需求急剧增加，可再生能源技术必须尽快推出，为工业化国家和发展中国家提供零排放的可再生电力 。

5

．

What message does the author try to convey in the last paragraph?

如果需要，风力发电场可以大规模建设：科学家确信在

2020

年之前，全球排放量必须达到峰值并将开始下降，迫切需要大量 应用可再

答案

:We must develop breakthrough technology in order to deal with the problem of global warming.

生能源来帮助实现这一目标 。建立一个常规电厂需要

10

或

12< /p>

年以上，而一个大型风力发电场可在几个月之内完成。一座半竣工的风力发电

短句翻译

场就是一个小型发电厂，当第一批涡轮机 连接到电网时就可以开始发电。

全球气候变暖主要是由于人们 焚烧化石矿物以生成能量时产生的二氧化碳等多种温室气体导致。全球平均气温总体看为上升趋势。进入

风能是一种替代燃烧产生污染的化石燃料的可靠能源——它不排放二氧化碳或其它空气污染物。在

3

至

6

个月的 运行过程中，风力涡轮

20

世纪八十年代后，全球气温明显上升 。全球变暖的后果，会使全球降水量重新分配

(reallocation)

< p>
，冰川消融，海平面上升，既危害自然

机已抵消了在其建设过程中的所有排 放，在其持续运行的

20

年中，几乎完全没有碳排放。

生态系统的平衡，更威胁人类的食物供应和居住环境。

现在全世界有超过

14

万台风力发电机，分布 在

70

多个国家。其巾包括欧洲、非洲、亚洲、北美、拉丁美洲 和澳大利亚。许多风力发电

Global warming is primarily caused by the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels for

机都可以在恶劣天气条件下，在沙漠，雪地，高海拔地区以及海上运行。风能可大规模地应用在几乎任何 地方。风能总资源足够反复多次地

energy by humans. The global average temperature is generally on a rise. We

’

ve seen a significant rise in global temperature

为整个地球提供能源。

since the 1980s. Global warming will result in the reallocation of global rainfall, the melting of glaciers, and the rise of

sea level. This will damage the balance of the ecosystem and threaten food supply and the living condition for human beings

．

例文

短文翻译

Coal chemical industry is the industry which produces various chemical products by changing coal into gas fuel, liquid

As the biggest environmental meeting in history opens in Copenhagen, the scientific case for a global agreement to fight

fuel,

solid

fuel

and

chemicals

through

chemical

processing.

Different

kinds

of

coal

processing

such

as

carbonization,

man-made climate change remains overwhelming. The furor over alleged data manipulation, following the theft of e-mails from

gasification, liquefaction, synthetic gas chemical engineering all belong to coal chemical industry.

the

University

of

East

Anglia,

has

stirred

up

the

skeptics

(and

shaken

some

scientists)

but

Climategate

(

气候门

)

does

not

alter

Coal gasification is a process that converts coal from a solid to a gaseous form through catalyst. The gasified products

the real issue

–

that, despite many uncertainties, the risks of catastrophic change justify decisive global action to cut

can be used as fuels, as raw materials for chemical products and for electricity generation.

carbon emissions.

Coal

gasification

has

a

history

of

nearly

one

hundred

years

in

the

industry.

During

the

development

of

the

coal

gasification

While political realities will not allow the negotiators to conclude a full-scale treaty in Copenhagen, they need to put

technology, most of the early-stage gasified coal was converted in a very unsustainable way through using large amount of raw

in place the mechanisms to agree a binding deal next year. The conference must achieve a spirit of genuine progress-over and

material under high pressure. It can lead to a serial of problems, such as ineffective utilization of powdered coal resources

above

the

inevitable

horse-trading

and

political

fudging-which

will

convince

not

only

politicians

but

also

billions

of

with

high

energy

consumption

and

small

scale,

and

serious

environment

pollution

etc.

Since

1960's,

the

development

of

gasification

individuals around the world that the fight against global warming is worth joining. Business planning, too, requires a

technology has made significant progress; particularly in 1970's, governments and research organizations worldwide have paid

predictable path to a decarbonized global economy.

great attention to the stimulation of petroleum crisis and the serious coal-burning environmental pollution.

Copenhagen has to make progress on several complex issues: emissions targets for developing and developed countries;

The modem coal chemical industry can be divided into three industrialization levels. The first level is the synthesis gas

financing adaptation and mitigation in poorer nations; technology transfer arrangements; and a governance structure to ensure

from coal-coal water slurries or dry coal dusts were partially oxidized to the synthetic gas (CO+H2), the gasification of coal

compliance

with

agreed

carbon

targets.

It

would

make

sense

to

decant

the

more

successful

outcomes

of

Kyoto,

such

as

its

monitoring

water slurry in China has already been industrialized. The second 1evel is the synthetic gas processing, which mainly includes

mechanism. into a new agreement- carefully relabelled, of course, for US consumption.

three routes: synthesis of alcohol, hydrocarbon and other carbon oxidized compound. Alcohol synthesis includes synthesis of

在有史以来规模最大的环境会议在哥本哈根开幕之际，以科学为依据达成一项应对人为造 成的全球变暖的协议势在必行。而英国东英吉

the

methylalcohol,

DIVIE,

ethylalcohol

and

further

synthesis

of

the glycol.

The

third

level

is

a

further

processmg

which

mostly

利大学的电子邮件被盗后，引发的所谓数据操纵 的轰动，让怀疑者振奋，也动摇了某些科学家的观点。但“气候门”并未改变真正的议题，

processes the methylalcohol and the downstream products of the alkene. It is the pillar of the chemical industry.

即尽管存在众多不确定性，但地球气候发生灾 难性变化的种种风险，确实证明有必要采取果断的全球行动减少碳排放。

尽管政治现实不允许谈判者在哥本哈根达成一项全面公约，但 他们需要落实相关机制，以便在明年达成一个有约束力的协定。本次会议

1

．

How can coal be processed?

必须超越不可避免的讨价还价和政治作势并获得实质性进展，让世界各地的政界人士乃至数十亿人相信 ：抗击全球变暖是一项值得投入的事

答案

:Coal can be processed through carbonization, gasification, liquefaction, synthetic gas chemical engineering.

业。就商业规划而言，也需要一条通向全球低碳经济的可预测的路径。

< br>

2

．

What are gasified coal products used as?

哥本哈根会议必 须在多个复杂的问题上取得进展：针对发展中国家和发达国家的排放指标；资助较贫穷国家的适应与缓解措施；技 术转

答案

:They can be used as fuels, as raw materials for chemical products and for electricity generation.

让安排；以及一个管治架 构，确保商定的碳排放指标得到遵守。应当传承《京都议定书》比较成功的成果，比如其监督机制，使之成为一份

3

．

What were some of the drawbacks of coal gasification in the early-stage?

新的协定，当然还要经过精心考虑措辞，让美国能够接受。

答案

:In the early stage, coal was conveaed in a very unsustainable way through using large amount of raw material. It can lead

to ineffective utilization of powdered coal resources with high energy consumption and small scale, and serious environment

例文

pollution etc.

There is a lot of energy that we can harness if we only seek to research and develop the technologies needed to do so.

4

．

What initiated the significant progress in coal gasification in the 1970s?

We can get away from the fossil fuels and the old electrical grids by turning to alternatives to these energy sources.

答案

:The petroleum crisis and the serious coal-burning environmental pollution.

One of these alternative energy resources is wind power. Wind turbines continue to be developed that are progressively

5

．

What are the three levels to industrialize the coal chemical industry?

more energy efficient and less costly.

答案

:The synthesis gas, synthetic gas processing and further processing.

strategically

placed

over

time

so

that

they

are

not

jeopardizing

birds

as

former wind

turbines

did.

Another

alternative

energy

短句翻译

resource is the one that is most well known

：

solar energy. This involves the manufacturing of solar cells which gather and

煤的气化在煤化工中占有重要地位，用于生产各种气体燃料， 是洁净的能源，有利于提高人民生活水平和环境保护；煤气化生产的合成

focus the energy given off directly by the sun, and translate it into electricity or, in some cases, hot water. As with wind

气是合成液体燃料等多种产品的原 料。煤直接液化，可以生产人造石油和化学产品。在石油短缺时，煤的液化产品将替代目前的天然石油。

energy,

solar

energy

creates

absolutely

zero

pollution.

Ocean

wave

energy

is

seen

by

governments

and

investors

as

having,

enormous

Coal gasification plays an important role in the coal chemical industry The gasified products can be used as gaseous fuels

energy generating potential. A generator in France has been in operation for many years now and is considered to be a great

which are clean energy sources, and which can improve people

’

s living standards and benefit environmental protection

．

The

success,

and the

Irish,

and

Scots are

running

experimental facilities.

Hydroelectric

power

has

been

with us

for a while and

synthesis gas can be used as raw materials for many chemical products. Coal can be directly liquefied and can be converted

here it is set up, it is a powerful generator of electricity and cleaner than a grid. However, there are certain limitations

into artificial petroleum and other chemical products. At such a petroleum-short time, liquefied coal products can replace

to the availability of the right places to set up a large dam. Many run-of-the-river, or small and localized, hydroelectric

the natural oil that we are dependent on today.

generators have been set up in recent times due to this limitation. Geothermal energy is extremely abundant, since it lies

短文翻译

directly

beneath

our

feet,

just

a

few

miles

below

the earth's

surface.

This

energy

is

produced

by

the

heating

of

water

through

The

coal

chemical

industry

in

China

plays

a

significant

role

in

realizing

the

advantages

of

the

abundance

of

coal

resources,

the actions of earth's fantastically hot molten core. The water turns to steam, which can be harnessed and used to drive

supplementing the deficiency of the gas resource, satisfying the demand of chemical products, making progress in the cleaner

turbine engines which in turn generate electricity. Great amounts of research and development should be put into geothermal

resource for power generation in coal chemical industry and promoting the sustainable economical development.

energy tapping. Ethanol is a gasoline substitute and is created from such things as wheat. Sugarcane, grapes, strawberries,

The products of the coal chemical industry include coking, gasification, 1iquefaction and calcium carbide. Coal chemical

corn,

and

even

wood

chips

and

wood

cellulose.

There

is

controversy

over

this

fuel

with

regards

to

its

ever

becoming

truly

economical

industry after twenty years

’

development plays a significant role in the chemical industry. Coal chemical industry uses coal

or

practical

except

in

very

localized

areas,

but

technologies

for

its

extraction

and

admixturing

are

continuously

being

refined.

as the raw material to synthesize two basic products (ammonia and methyl alcohol). In 2005, China produced 232,820,000 tons

of coke, 8,950,000 tons of calcium carbide, 25,000,000 tons of coal system chemical fertilizer, about 3,500,000 tons of

1

．

What are some of the advantages of wind power?

methylalcohol. A11 of these are on an advanced level worldwide.

答案

:Wind power is energy- efficient and less costly and it is clean.

In recent years, the coal chemical industry rapidly shows its advantages due to the sharp increase of the international

2

．

How do the solar cells work?

oil price. Therefore, the coal chemical industry has been widely developed across China. After the reform of the investment

答案

:Solar

cells

gather

and

focus

the

energy

given

off

directly

by

the

sun,

and translate

it

into

electricity

or

hot water.

system in July, 2004, investment projects do not need special permission from the government anymore. As a result, many coal

3

．

Where in the world is ocean wave energy applied?

chemical projects with different scales were initiated in coal mining areas all over the country.

答案

:Currently, it is used in France, Ireland and Scotland.

煤 化学工业对于中国是极其有意义的：

它可以发挥中国煤炭资源丰富的优势、

补充其天然气资源不足的缺陷、

满足其对化工产品的需求、

< br>4

．

How is geothermal power converted into electricity?

推动煤化学工业领域对更 清洁能源发电的使用、并促进其经济的可持续性发展。

答案

:The steam underground can be harnessed and used to drive turbine engines which can generate electricity.

煤化学工业的主 要产品包括：煤焦、气化煤、液化煤和电石

(

钙化碳

< p>
)

。经过

20

年的发展煤 化学工业在化工领域也起着举足轻重的作用。

5

．

What is the controversy over the use of ethanol as a source ofenergy?

煤化学工业主要通过 使用煤作为原料来合成两种基本产品：合成氨和甲醇。

2005

年，中国生产了

2

亿

3282

万吨煤焦，

895

万吨电石，

< br>2500

答案

:The

controversy

is

whether

ethanol

as

a

source

of

energy

can

be

truly

economical

or

practical

except

in

very

localized

万吨煤制化肥产品，约

350

万吨甲醇 。所有这些在世界上都处于领先地位。

areas.

近年来，由于国际石油价格的飙升，煤化工的优势迅速显现出来。正因如此，煤化学工业已在中 国得到广泛发展。

2004

年

7

月中国投资

短句翻译

制度改革之后，投资项目不再需要政府特别审批，因此，在中国各个煤矿开采地区，许多规模各异的煤化工项目 也应运而生。

清洁能源是不排放污染物的能源，它包括核能和 “可再生能源”

。可再生能源是指可以通过自然现象补充

(re plenish)

的能源，如水力发

电、风力发电、太阳能、生物能、海潮能这些能源。可再生能源不存在能源耗竭的可能，因此日益受到许多国家的 重视，尤其是能源短缺的

例文

国家。

Many African countries are blessed with oil and mineral wealth that has the potential to transform their economies. But

Clean energy refers to energy sources that release zero pollutants. This includes nuclear energy and renewable energies.

historically, those resources have often been more ofa curse than a blessing.

Renewable energy comes from natural processes that are replenished constantly, hydroelectric power, wind power, solar power,

There are numerous examples of African nations where the discovery of natural resources has been followed by economic

biofuels,

tidal

power

are

all

renewable

energy

sources.

Renewable

energy

sources

are

inexhaustible

and

therefore

have

attracted

instability, conflict and environmental damage. So common is the phenomenon that it even has its own name - the

“

resource

the attention of many countries, especially those with a great shortage of energy sources.

curse’’

.

短文翻译

Resource

curse

applies

specifically

to

poor

countries

that

don't

have

a

lot

of sources

of

wealth

to

begin

with,

then

there

’

s

The term

“biomass”

refers to organic matter that has stored energy through the process of photosynthesis(

光合作用

). It

a discovery of a major resource - oil or copper or gold

–

that suddenly becomes a major source of wealth for that county.

exists in one form as plants and may be transferred through the food chain to animals

’

bodies and their wastes, all of which

Theoretically the development of that resource could produce great wealth for that nation, but historically it leads to

can be converted for everyday human use through processes such as combustion (

燃烧

), which releases the carbon dioxide stored

the

concentration

of

wealth

in

the

hands

of

a few

-

those

who

monopolize

the

collection

of

rents

from

the

mining

or

the

drilling

4