5班复习资料之笔译

考试题型：

一．

填空

（

Unit 1

及

diction, omission, restructure, conversion and amplification 5

个定义）

二．

按要求翻译句子

（英译汉、汉译英

Unit 3

–

Unit 8

课文例句和课后练 习，数量过

多，就不在这里打出来了，硬背工程量太大，主要在于理解各种方法应怎么用 。

）

三．

连线

（

Unit 2, Unit 5, Unit 6

）

四．

英译汉（课外）

五．

汉译英（

Unit 1-Unit 8

）

各单元考试要点：

Unit 1:

汉译英：

谚语

谚语是广泛用于民间的短小、精悍的格言，通常经口头流传下 来，大都反映了劳动人民

的生活实践经验。谚语类似成语，但口语性强，通俗易懂，因而 很有感染力。

谚语往往多少能反映一个民族的地理、历史、社会制度、社会 观点和态度。比如，有些

民族住在沿海一带，靠海为生，他们的谚语往往涉及海上航行、 经受风雨、捕鱼捉蟹。像阿

拉伯人这样的游牧民族的谚语则多涉及沙漠、草原、羊、马、 骆驼和豺狼。尊敬老人的社会

就会有颂扬老人足智多谋的谚语。

妇女社会地位不高的社会就会有许多轻视、

贬低妇女的谚

语。< /p>

人们的经历和对世界的认识在不少方面是相似的。因此，尽管中国人和讲英语的人文化

背景不同，但在英语和汉语中有很多相同或相似的谚语。

Proverbs

Proverbs are short, pithy sayings that are widely used by common people. Generally passed

down

by

words

of

mouth,

most

proverbs

reflect

the

practical

experience

of

the

lives

of

the

working

people.

Similar

to

the

characteristics

of

idioms,

proverbs

tend

to

be

oral

and

easy

to

understand, thus appealing to all.

To some extent, proverbs may reflect a nation

’

s geography, history, social system and attitudes.

For example, people inhabiting the coastal areas and making a living on the sea tend to have more

proverbs involving marine affairs, such as voyage on the sea, weathering the storm, fisheries, etc.

While the proverbs of nomads, as in the case of Arabs, are closely related to deserts, grasslands,

sheep, horses, camels and wolves. A society that esteems the elderly abounds with proverbs that

praise the resourcefulness of the old. While a society that reduces women to low status is bound to

have many proverbs which despite and disparage women.

After all, people

’

s experience and perceptions of the world are similar in many respects. So, in

spite of the fact that the Chinese and English-speaking people have different cultural backgrounds,

there is a great deal of sameness or similarity in English and Chinese proverbs.

Important definitions:

Translation means a conversion of one language to another, i.e. the faithful representation in one

language of what is written and said in another language.

If a foreign language is generally accepted as a tool of life, translation then obviously serves as a

dynamic means of employing this tool.

Fanyi refers to either of the following things: subject, profession, works, activities and translator.

Principles and criteria of translation:

信、

达、

雅

（

faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance

）

;

信、

达、切（

faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness

）

;

信、达、贴（

faithfulness, expressiveness

and fitness

）

;

神似（

spiritual conformity

）

and

化境（

sublimed adaptation

）

.

Unit 2:

汉译英：

我们的历史伟业

从

< br>19

世纪中叶到

20

世纪中叶的

100

年间，中国人民的一切奋斗，都是为了实现祖国的

独立和民族的解放，彻底结束民族屈辱的历史。这个历史伟业，我们已经完成了。从

世

纪中叶到

21

世纪中叶的

100

年间，中国人民的一切奋 斗，则是为了实现祖国的富强、人民

的富裕和民族的伟大复兴。这个历史伟业，我们党领 导全国人民已经奋斗了

50

年，取得了

巨大的进展，在经过

50

年的奋斗，也必将胜利完成。

The Great Historic Cause

Every struggle that the Chinese people fought during the 100 years from the mid-19 century to

the mid-20

th

century was for the sake of achieving independence of our country and liberation of

our nation and putting an end to the history of national humiliation once and for all.

This great

historic cause has already been accomplished. All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100

years

from

mid-20

th

century

to

mid-21

st

century

are

for

the

purpose

of

making

our

motherland

strong,

our

people

prosperous

and

the

nation

immensely

rejuvenated.

Our

Party

led

the

entire

Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress,

and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years.

Important definitions:

By

“

diction

”

we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in the process of translation to fit

their context.

Unit 3:

汉译英：

泼水节

泼水是傣族新年的主要喜庆活动。人们互相泼水，表示洗去上 一年的尘垢，迎接新一年

的到来。泼水有文泼和武泼之分。文泼是对长者的泼法，舀起一 勺水，一边说着祝福的话，

一边拉开长者的衣领，

将水顺着领口 往下浇。

被泼的人欣然接受对方的祝福。

武泼则没有固

定的形式，用瓢，用盆，用桶都可以，互相追逐，劈头盖脸地泼。被人泼的水越多，说明受

到的祝福越多，被泼的人也越高兴。

Water Splashing Festival

Water splashing is the main New Year celebration activity of Dai people. People splash water

on others to wash off the dirt and dust of the old year and welcome the coming of the New Year.

Water is either splashed gently or fiercely. Gentle splashing is to the elders

—

people ladle some

water; uttering good wishes while gently pulling loose the collar, pour it down an elder

’

s neck.

The one being splashed accepts it with good grace. Fierce splashing, on the other hand, has no

fixed pattern

—

people can run after each other and use ladles, basins or even buckets to splash or

pour water down over each other face to face. The more one is splashed, the happier one is for the

many blessings he gets.

Important definitions:

Conversion, as one of the commonly adopted translation techniques, means the change of parts of

speech in translation. Since it is usually impossible for a translator to keep to the original part of

speech

in

the

process

of

translation,

a

certain

part

of

speech

in

the

original

often

has

to

be

converted

into

other

parts

of

speech

due

to

the

differences

in

syntactic

structures

and

idiomatic

expressions between English and Chinese.

Unit 4:

汉译英：

梅贻琦

梅贻琦（

1889-1962

）教育家，天津人。

1909

年考取清华第一 批“直接留美生”

，入吴斯

特工业学院学习电机工程。

1915

年

9

月应聘来 清华大学任物理学教授，

1926

年出任教务长。

1931

年出任校长至

1948

年底。

他仅用几年时间就使当时的清华大学在许多方面跻身于世界

< br>名校之林。

作为教育家，

梅贻琦有一套完整的教育思想体 系，

其治校方略可归结为三个组成

部分：通才教育（或“自由教 育”

）

、教授治校（或“民主管理”

） 和学术自由（或“自由探

讨之风气”

）

。其代表作是

1941

年撰发的《大学一解》

< br>。他的“大学者，非有大楼之谓也，有

大师之谓也”的著名论说，至今在教育界广 为传诵。

Mei Yiqi

Educationalist

Mei

Yiqi(1889-1962)

was

born

in

Tianjin.

In

1909

he

passed

the

entrance

examination

and

became

one

of

the

first

Tsinghua

students

to

study

in

America,

majoring

in

electric

engineering

at

Worcester

Polytechnic

Institute.

On

September

1915,

he

was

invited

to

work in Tsinghua University as a physics professor and he was appointed Dean of Studies in 1926.

He was elected president of Tsinghua University in 1931 and did not leave the post until by the

end

of

1948.

Under

his

leadership,

Tsinghua

University

ranked

quickly

among

world

famous

universities

in

many

respects

within

a

few

years.

An

educationalist

himself,

he

established

a

complete ideological system of education. His strategy

of running a university consists of three

parts: generalized education (also known as

“

free education

”

); professor management (also called

“

democratic

management

”

)

and

academic

freedom

(or

“

atmosphere

of

free

discussion

”

).

His

representative

work

is

An

Interpretation

of

University,

which

was

published

in

1941.

And

his

famous

saying

“

it

is

great

masters,

not

huge

buildings

that

characterize

a

university

”

,

is

still

thought highly of by the educational circles even to this day.

Important definitions:

Amplification, also called addition, means supplying the necessary words in our translation on the

basis of accurate comprehension of the original.

Unit 5:

汉译英：

外语系图书馆

外语系图书馆占地面积