-
如何处理长难句?
1.
找谓语,找定语
一般情况下,
一个谓语形式的动词对
应其动作的发出者
(
主语
)
,
我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。
而
且,
如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词,
则
该句可以是并列句或复合句
(
并列谓语动
词的情况除外
)
。如:
People feared that
weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory
would encourage illegal hunting and hurt
elephant populations.
【句意】二十
一年来,象牙交易一直被明令禁止,人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎,导致大象数量
减少。
【分析】
that
引导宾语从句,<
/p>
从句中谓语动词是
encourage
和
hurt
,
根据逻辑意义,
可知
encourage
和
hurt
的主语是动名词短语
weakening a
21-year-old ban on the sale of
ivory
。
2.
提主干,去枝叶
一般情况下,
一个句子中的主句所表
达的信息为主要信息,
从句、
状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要
信息
。
若句子的主干提炼不出来,就不能完全把握句子的核心意
义,从而导致思维混乱,主次不分。如:
Economists from the University of
Sussex analysed findings from the National
Longitudinal Study of Adolescent
Health, a 15-year research project
charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of
teenagers who attended high
schools in
the US in the mid-1990s.
【句意】来自萨塞克斯大学的经
济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果,这项研究是一个历
时
15
年的课题,它记录了数千名在美国
20
世纪
90
年代中期上中学的一组青少年的财产情
况。
【分析】
句子主干为
Economists analysed
findings
。
from the University
of Sussex
作
economists
的定语
;from the
National
Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
作
findings
的定语
;a
15-year research project
作
the
National
Longitudinal Study of
Adolescent Health
的同位语
;charting ...
作
project
的定语
;who
引导定语从句修饰
teenagers<
/p>
。
3.
寻关联,辩逻辑
< br>一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。< /p>
如果我们找准这些关联词,就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系,分别弄清主句的意义和从
句的意义,则
长句就容易对付得多了。
要掌握此方法必须对英语
中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。如:
Whether you get along well with your
professors or not has a huge effect on your self
growth as it is a measure of
how well
you can respect authority and obey requirements. <
/p>
【句意】你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身发展起着重要的作用,因为这是衡量你是否尊重
权威和服从要
求的标准。
【分析】此句为复合句,句中
whether
引
导主语从句,
as
引导原因状语从句,
how well
引导从句作介词
of
的宾语。
4.
看搭配,防分隔
有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成,而且这些搭配
中常常出现分隔现象。读者若受分隔现象的
干扰而看不清句子的本来面目,则对句意的理
解就会发生偏差。如:
Some
companies have made the manufacturing of clean and
safe products, to some degree, their main selling
points and emphasize it in their
advertising.
【句意】一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品,从某种程
度上说,当作他们的卖点,并在广告中强调这
一点。
【分析】
其实本句是一个
“
主语
+
谓语
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语
p>
”
句型
“make+
宾语
+
宾
补
”
,
即
“<
/p>
使
……
成为
……
”
,
只
不过宾语和宾补被
“to some degree”
隔开而已。
<
/p>
总之,在碰到长句和难句时,要根据实际情况灵活运用上述方法,在平时阅读过程中要加强
对长句和难句
的句法分析训练。有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理解句意。如:
The fact that
members of one culture do not express their
emotions as openly as do members of another does
not mean that they do not experience
emotions.
【句意】一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率
地表达他们的情感,这一事实并不意味
着他们没有这些情感。
【分析】
本句的主干为
The
fact does not mean that
...
,
其中,
that they
do not experience emotions
是从句作
mean
的宾语。
that members of one
culture do not express their emotions as openly as
do members of another
为
fact
的同位语从句,
其中
as do
members of another
是状语从句,
助动词
do
位于主语
members of another
前形成倒装,主语后省略了
express their
emotions
。
历年高考英语长难句
100
例
分析长难句对于提高英语阅读水平有着非常重要的作用,
今天分享历年高考英语长难句
100
例,大家可以
运用上面讲的方法好好读一读、分析分析,希望对你有帮助。
put forward by the French
mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth
century, the theorem had
baffled and
beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a
French woman scientist who made a major
advance in working out the problem, and
who had to dress like a man in order to be able to
study at the Ecolab
polytechnique.
这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出,曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难,包括一位法
国女科
学家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔
理工学院学习。
简析:夹杂过去分
词短语,现在分词短语,动名词及两个定语从句。
2. It is difficult to measure the
quantity of paper used as a result of use of
Internet-connected computers,
although
just about anyone who works in an office can tell
you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers
start
working overtime. That is, the
growing demand for paper in recent years is
largely due to the increased use of
the
Internet.
由于因特网的使用,计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的,然而几乎
任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你,当引
进电子邮件后,打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说
近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来
越多的使用。
简析:夹杂较复杂的句型结构,关键词
just about<
/p>
几乎
;overtime
超时地。
3. Perhaps the
best sign of how computer and internet use pushes
up demand for paper comes from the
high-tech industry itself, which sees
printing as one of its most promising new market.
或许,表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身,
印刷业被认为是
高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。
简析:夹杂较复杂的句型结构,关键词
promising
有前途的。
4. The action group has also found
acceptable paper made from materials other than
wood, such as agricultural
waste.
这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸,制成这种纸的原料不是木料,而是农业废料。
简析:关键词
other
than
而不是。
5. Mostly borrowed from English and
Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms
no longer understood
by native
speakers.
这些术语,主要从英语和汉语引入,经常会变成不再被说本族语的
人们理解的形式。
简析:关键词<
/p>
term
术语。
6. It is one of many language books
that are now flying
off booksellers’
shelves.
它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。
简析:比喻生动形象。
7. The mass media and government white
papers play an important part in the spread of
foreign words.
大众传播媒介和政府白皮书
(
正式报告
)
在外国词传播过程中起重要
作用。
简析:关键词
the mass media and
government white papers
大众传播媒介和政府白皮书
(
正式报告
)
。
from Animal
Hospital will delight all fans of the programme
and anyone who was a lively interest in their
pet, whether it be a cat
、
dog or snake!
来自
动物医院
(
这个电视节目
)
的故事
(
这本书
)
,将使这个电视节目的爱好者以及对无论是猫、狗还是蛇这类
宠物有浓
厚兴趣的任何人感到高兴。
简析:
关键词
fans…
爱好者,
wheth
er…or…
,无论是
…
还是
…
。
9. Newton is shown as a gifted
scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at
the point in history where
magic ended
and science began.
牛顿被证明是一位很有才华的科学家,他处于
一个魔术终结科学开启的历史时期,他也有普通人所特有的
弱点。
简析:夹杂两个定语从句。
10. But for all the texts that are
written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of
them are still ending up on paper.
但对于所
有这些以电子手段记录,贮存及传递的文本而言,许多文本仍要
(
打印
)
在纸上。
< br>简析:关键词
text
文本
;e
nd up
最后成为
(
处于
)
。
their shining brown eyes, wagging
tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide
the nonjudgmental
listeners needed for
a beginning reader to gain confidence, according
to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA) in
salt Lake City.
据盐湖城的
ITA
的观点,闪烁的棕色眼睛,摇着尾巴,并有无条件的爱心,狗能成为无判
断力的
(
忠实的
)
听者,这是刚开始搞阅读的小孩所需要的。
简析:夹杂
with
构成的介词短语及过去分词短
语。
12. The Salt
Lake City public library is sold on the idea.
这家盐湖城公共图书馆接受这个观点。
简析:关键词
sell on
(to)
使接受。
13. Discovered by the Portuguese
admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in
1810, the island belongs to
Great
Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
这个岛屿,于
1506
年被同名的葡萄牙上将
发现,在
1810
年有人居住,现在属于英国,人口数有几百人
。
简析:有两个过去分词短语作状语。
14. They had no connection with the
outside world for more than a thousand years,
giving them plenty of time to
build
more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat,
for which the island is most famous.
他们
已有一千多年与外界没有联系,
这给他们充足的时间来修建
10
00
多座巨大的石像,
被称为莫艾,
因
为
有这个东西这个岛屿极其出名。
简析:夹杂有现在分词短语,过去分词短语及定语从句。
15. Our parties are aimed
for children 2 to 10 and they’re very interactive
and creative in that they build a sense
of drama based on a subject.
我们的
(
生日
)
聚会针对两到十岁的小孩,
它们互动感强,
富有创新,
p>
因为它们能基于一个主题构建一种戏剧
的氛围。
简析:关键词
aim for
针对
;in that
在于。
16. The most important idea behind the
kind of party planning described here is that it
brings parents and
children closer
together.
在这里叙述的这种筹备
(
生日
)
聚会的计划所带有的最重要的观点在于它能让父
母和孩子的关系更加密切。
简析:夹杂过去分词短语及表语从句。
17.
He had
realized that the words: “one of six to eight”
under the first picture in the book connected the
hare in
some way to Katherine of
Aragon, the first of Henry VIII’s six
wives.
他曾认识到那本书里第一幅图画下面的那些词<
/p>
“
一、六、八
”
在某些方面将这个野兔和阿拉甘的凯撒英,即
亨利八世的六个妻子当中的第一个妻子,联
系起来。
简析:夹杂宾语从句及过去分词短语。
one day he came across two
stone crosses in Ampthill park and learnt that
they had been built in her
honor in
1773.
直到有一天他在阿帕斯尔公园碰巧看见两个石制的十字架,
他才懂得在
1773
年修建这两个十字架是为了向
p>
她表示敬意。
简析:关键词
come
across
碰巧遇见,
in
one’
s honor
纪念某人。
19. It is Sue Townsend’s
musical play, based on her best
-selling
book.
它是苏珊
·
汤森德的音乐
剧本,根据她畅销的小说改编的。
简析:关键词
best-selling
畅销的。
20. Gold is one of a growing number of
shoppers buying into the organic trend, and
supermarkets across Britain
are
counting on more like him as they grow their
organic food business.
戈德是对有机食品感兴趣众多购买者
当中的一位,遍及英国的超市依赖更多像他那样的购买者,因为他们
要增加有机食品生意
。
简析:关键词
count on
依赖。
21. Supporters of underground
development say that building down rather than
building up is a good way to use
the
earth’s space.
地下
发展的支持者说在地下搞建筑而不是在地上搞建筑是一种利用地球空间的办法。
简析:关键词
rather
than
而不是。
22. Those who could were likely to name
a woman.
那些能够说出好朋友名字的单身男人,很有可能说出一个女人的名字
。
简析:省略句
who could (name a best
friend )
承前省。
23. In general, women’s friendships
with each other rest on shared emotions and
support, but men’s
relationships are
marked by shared activities.
一般来说,女人相互的
友谊基于相互分享情感和支持,但男人间的关系以共同参与社会活动为特征。
简析:关键词
rest on
依靠。
the most part, interactions between men are
emotionally controlled
—
a
good fit with the social
requirements
of“manly behavior”.
就大部分而言,男
人间的交往在感情上受控制,这与
“
男子汉气概
”
的社会要求是相符合的。
简析:关键词
for the
most part
就大部分而言。
s a woman’s closest female friend might
be the first to tell her to leave a failing
marriage, it wasn’t
unusual to hear a
man say he d
idn’t know his friend’s
marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared
one
night asking if he could sleep on
the sofa.
一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚
姻
;
而听见一个男人说直到他的朋友一
天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕,这是很平常的。
简析:夹杂多种语法结构
not
unusual=usual; not…until…
,直到
…
才
…
。
26. Before 1066, in the
land we now call Great Britain lived peoples
belonging to two major language groups.
1066
年以前,在我们现在称为英国的土地上,住着属于两个主要语种的民族。
p>
简析:倒装句,并含有定语从句及分词短语。
27. If this state of
affairs had lasted, English today would be close
to German.
如果这种情况延续下去的话,那么今天的英语将和德语很相近。
简析:含虚拟语气。
28. We even have different
word for some foods, meat in particular, depending
on whether it is still out in the
fields or at home ready to be cooked,
which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were
doing the farming.
while the upper-
class Normans were doing most of the eating.
我们甚至对某些食物有不同的单词,特别是肉类,取决于它是长在田野里,还是在家里准备煮着吃, 这就
表明一个事实,即萨克森农民在农田干活,而上层阶级的诺曼人在大吃大喝。
简析:含对比。
29. When Americans visit
Europe for the first time, they usually find
Germany more “Foreign” than Fr
ance
because the German they see on signs
and ads seems much more different from English
than French does.
当美国人第一次游览欧洲时,他们通常发现德国
比法国对他们来说更加
“
陌生
”
,因为他们在标牌和广告上
看到的德语,比起法语更加不同于英语。<
/p>
简析:
含比较级句型结构。
30. Some companies have made the
manufacturing of clean and safe products their
main selling point and
emphasize it in
their advertising.
一些公司已经把洁净安全产品的生产当作他们
主要的销售关键,并且在他们的广告宣传中强调这一点。
<
/p>
简析:
make
后接双宾语。
31. After their
stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate
recording their success, that is, when guests
leave the
igloo hotel they will receive
a paper stating that they have had a taste of
adventure.
在他们逗留之后,
所有的游客都会收到
一份生存证明记录他们的成功,
也就是说当游客离开小冰屋旅馆时,
他们会得到一份证明,表明他们曾尝试过冒险。
简析:含两个分词短语,关键词
state
表
明。
32. The major
market force rests in the growing population of
white-collar employees, who can afford the new
service, in other words, Shanghai’s car
rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to
the increasing number of
white-collar
employees.
主要的市场因素取决于白领工人的人数增加,这些人付得起这种
新型服务,换句话说,上海的汽车出租行
业发展如此快,主要因为白领工人人数的增加。
简析:关键词
rest in
依赖。
33. That you won’t be for long means it
won’t be long before you’ll have to recycle your
rubbish.
你不会等很长时间意味着过不了多久你就会回收你的垃圾。
简析:夹杂主语从句及宾语从句。
34. These words, I have
just made up, have to stand for thing and ideas
that we simply can’t think of.
这些词,是我编造的,只是代表我们不能想到的事物和观念。
简析:关键词
make up
编造。
35. Picturing(Imagining) the future
will serve the interests of the present and future
generations.
设想未来有益于现在和将来的几代人。
简析:关键词
picture
活用为动词想象,设想。
36. Decision thinking is not unlike
poker
—
it often matters not
only what you think, but also what others think
you think and what you think they think
you think.
做决策像打扑克牌,起作用的不但是你怎么想的,还包括别人对
你的想法是怎么看的以及你对别人的看法
是如何考虑的。
简析:含较复杂的句型结构
not
unlike=like not only…but also…
不仅
…
而且
…
37. The easy
way out isn’t always easiest.
解决问题容易的办法并非总是最容易的。
简析:关键词
the way
out
解决问题的办法。