上海市长宁区高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试卷

2018

届长宁区第二学期教学质量检测（二模 ）

高三英语试题

A Great Friendship

Thomas

Jefferson

and

James

Madison

met

in

1776.

Could

it

have

been

any

other

year?

They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shape

the official new plan of government, ____21____ (develop) a close friendship, which

lasted for 50 years. There were ____22_____(share) purposes

and a common end on both

sides. Four and a half months ____23___ he died, when he was ill and worried about

his family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison’s reply

remind us that friends are friends till death.

“The friendship which _____24_____ ( exist) between us for half a century, the

harmony

of

our

political

principles

and

pursuits

have

been

sources

of

constant

happiness to me through that long period. It's also been a great comfort to me

____25____

(believe)

that

you

are

engaged

in

vindicating(

证< /p>

实

)

to

the

younger

generation the course tha

t we’ve pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth

has noticed a system of administration conducted with ____26____single and keen eye

to the general interest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system

protected by truth, to ___27____ our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have

been

a

great

supporter

throughout

life.

Take

care

of

me

when

dead

and

be

assured

that

I should leave with you my last

Affections.”

A week later, Madison replied.

“You cannot look back ____28____ the long p

eriod of our private friendship and

political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. ____29____ they are

a source of pleasure to you, it is the same to me. We cannot be deprived(

失去

) of

the

happy

consciousness

of

the

pure

devotion

to

the

public

good

and

I

have

confidence

____30____ sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to ensure,

after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld while we are here.”

Section B.

A. analysis B. usually C. assures D. pours E. development F. necessary

G. cloudy H. absent I. cultivate J. allow K. extremely

He is kindly

The other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs.

F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot from the first time I

met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to __31__

himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at

work

now

on

a

novel

which

his

wife

__32__

me

is

far

better

than

This

Side

of

Paradise

,

but

like

most

of

our

younger

novelists

he

finds

it

__33__

to

produce

a

certain

number

of short stories to make the wheels go around. That

The Vegetable

, his play, did not

receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged

him. He is still __34__ light-hearted.

I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. Not

one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(

讽刺

). He has

yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and __35__ of character.

He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will

__36__.

Born

in

St.

Paul,

he

attended

Princeton,

served

in

the

Army,

wrote

his

first

novel

in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child

and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers.

Artistry

means

a

great

deal

to

F.

Scott

Fizgerald,

and

into

his

own

best

work

he

__37__

great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it

he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young

fellow-

novelist’s book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a

lengthy, careful __38__.

Just what he will write in the future remains __39__. With a firmer reputation

than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less

than

Robert

Nathan

and

rather

more

than

Stephen

Vincent

Benet,

Cyril

Hume.

His

coming

novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from

it will be __40__ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(

绩效

)

Quality teaching depends

on not just teacher’s knowledge and skills but on the

environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent curriculum focused

on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for

teachers

to

work

__41__

with

students

to

accomplish

challenging

goals,

opportunities

for

teachers

to

plan

with

and

learn

from

one

another,

and

regular

occasions

to

evaluate

the outcomes of their __42__.

If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional

organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as

hospitals

have

standing

committees

of

staff

that

meet

regularly

to

look

at

evaluation

data and discuss the __43__ of each aspect of their work

–

a practice reinforced

by their accreditation(

评定

) requirements, - schools must have regular occasions to

examine their practice and effectiveness.

As

Richard

Rothstein

and

colleagues

describe

in

Grading

Education:

Getting

Accountability

Right

,

school- level

accountability

can

be

supported

by

school

__44__,

like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools

by spending several days visiting classrooms, __45__ samples of student work, and

interviewing

students

about

their

understanding

and

their

experiences,

__46__

looking

at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases,

principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own

evaluations

of

the

lessons.

In

this

way,

the

inspectors

are

able

to

make

__47__

about

the instructional and supervisory competence(

能力

) for principals. As described

earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the __48__ and comparability

of school-

based assessments (as in England and Australia), as well as school’s

internal assessment and evaluation process (as in Hong Kong).

In most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of

instruction

and

other

services

and

supports,

as

well

as

students’

__49__

and

progress

on a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such

as

extra-curricular,

personal

and

social

__50__,

the

acquisition

of

workplace

skills

and the __51__ to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a __52__

lifestyle.

Schools

are

rated

as

to

whether

they

pass

inspection,

need

modest

improvements, or require serious intervention(

介入

), and they receive extensive

feedback on what the inspectors both saw and __53__. Reports are publicly posted.

Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert __54__ and support, and

are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to

pass may be placed under local government control and could be __55__ if they are

not improved.

41. A. occasionally

peacefully

42. A. challenges

B. competence

practices

43. A. effectiveness

requirements

44. A. instruction

consideration

45. A. taking

copying

46. A. as far as

well as

47. A. judgments

suggestions

48. A. quantity

support

B. quality

C. instruction

D.

B. decisions

C. inquiries

D.

B. rather than

C. other than

D. as

B. improving

C. examining

D.

B. protection

C. inspection

D.

B. faults

C. progress

D.

C. curriculum

D.

B. closely

C. strictly

D.

49. A. education

interest

B. performance

C. attention

D.

50. A. responsibility

benefits

51. A. frequency

extent

52. A. comparable

53. A. appreciated

rewarded

54. A. attention

explanations

55. A. set down

Section B 22%

B. structure

C. resources

D.

B. consistence

C. satisfaction

D.

B. healthy

C. different

D. unique

D.

B. criticized

C. recommended

B. programs

C. evaluation

D.

B. put down

C. closed down

D. pulled down

(A)

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NEWS

Human

Warning from Experts

A

growing

amount

of

human-made

orbital

debris(

太空轨道残骸

)

一

from

rocket

stages

and

out- of-date

satellite

---is

circling

the

Earth.

Scientists

say

the

orbital

debris,

better known as space junk, poses an increasin

g threat to space activities. “ This

is a growing environmental problem,” said Nicholas Jonson, the chief scientist and

program manager for orbital debris at NASA(

美国航空航天局

) in Houston, Texas.

Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past

and future amounts of space junk. The model

predicts

that even without future rocket

or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will remain

steady

through

2055,

after

which

it

will

increase.

While

current

efforts

have

focused

Animal News

Ancient World

Space Tech

Culture

o

limiting

future

space

junk,

these

scientists

say

removing

large

pieces

of

old

space

junk will soon be necessary.

Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space

junk.

The

U.S.

Space

Surveillance

Network

is

currently

tracking

over

13,000

human-made

objects larger than ten centimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. “Of the 13 000

objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,”

Johnson

sand.

In

addition,

there

are

hundreds

of

thousands

of

smaller

objects

in

space.

These

include

everything

from

pieces

of

plastic

to

bits

of

paint.

Much

of

this

smaller

junk

has

come

from

exploding

rocket

stages.

Stages

are

sections

of

a

rocket

that

have

their own fuel or engines.

These

objects

travel

at

speeds

over

35,

000

kilometers

an

hour.

At

such

high

speed,

even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing

electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.

Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space.

Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down

to

using

lasers

to

slow

an

object's

orbit

to

cause

it

to

fall

back

to

Earth

more

quickly.

Given

current

technology,

those

proposals

appear

neither

technically

nor

economically

practical,

“Space

junk

is

like

any

environmental

problem.

“Johnson

admits.

“It’s

growing.

If

you

don’t

deal

with

it

now,

it

will

only

become

worse,

and

the

solutions

in the future are going to be even more costly.”

56. What is this passage mainly talking about?

A. Advanced technology is used to remove spaces junk

B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.

C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed

D. Human activities generate much orbital debris

57. Which of the following is

not

mentioned in the passage?

A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches

B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities

C. It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk

D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft

58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it

down to the earth?

A. Reasonable B. Unbelievable C. Reliable D. Impractical

(B)

ABC

News: Parents who want to pick up their kids at school in one New Jersey

district now can submit to iris(

虹膜

) scans, as the technology that helps keep our

nation’s

airports

and

hotels

safe

begins

to

make

its

way

further

into

American

lives.

When

picking

up

a

child,

the

adult

provides

a

driver’s

license and then submits to an

eye

scan.

If

the

iris

image

camera

recognizes

his

or

her

eyes, the door clicks open.

The

Freehold

Borough

School

District

launched

this

high-tech

security

system

on

Monday

with

funding

from the Department of Justice as part of a study on

the system’s effectiveness.

As many as four adults can be authorized to

pick

up

each

child

in

the

district,

but

in

order

to

be

authorized

to

come

into

school,

they will be asked to register with the district’s iris recognition security and

visitor management system. At this point, the New Jersey program is not a must.

If someone tries to slip in behind an authorized person, the system causes an

alarm and red flashing lights in the front office. The entire process takes just

seconds.

This kind of technology is already at work in airports around the country like

Orlando International Airport, where the program has been in operation since July.

It has 12,000 subscribers who pay $$79.95 for the convenience of submitting to iris

scans rather than going through lengthy security checks.

An iris scan is said to be more accurate than a fingerprint because it records

240

unique

details

—

far

more

than

the

seven

to

twenty- four

details

that

are

analyzed

in fingerprints. The chances of being misidentified by an iris scan are about one

in 1.2 million and just one in 1.44 trillion if you scan both eyes.

Phil

Meara,

the

Freehold

District

official,

said

that

although

it

was

expensive,

the program would help schools across the country move into a new frontier in child