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基础英语
2
第二单元答案
Unit 2 The Virtues of Growing Older
Text comprehension
I.
C
II.
1
F;
2
F;
3
F;
4
T;
5
T.
III.
1. Worshiping youth and
fearing growing old. To delay the effects of aging
with cosmetics and
physical exercises.
2. Three
. Less concern for
one’s appearance; less uncertainty about the
unknowns in the future;
surer self-
identity.
3. Feel uncertain about what
will happen to them and what they should do.
4. Use
contrast structure
“Being young means…/ It means…” and “I …now/ I no
longer…”
5. The writer
learns the significance that the newer (younger)
is not necessarily better, and she
can
be happier than before as she grows older.
IV.
1. Women are
less capable of resisting the temptation the
temptation of fashion than men.
2. Make
friends with different people in order to find a
new identity for yourself.
Structural
analysis of the text
1. See III 2.
2. Paragraph 3: the last sentence;
Paragraph 4: the second sentence; Paragraph 5: the
first
sentence.
Section Four
Consolidation Activities
Part one.
Vocabulary Analysis
I. Phrase practice
1. are apt to= are likely to
易于
……
，有
……
< br>的倾向
e.g.
Infants are apt to put their hands into their
mouths.
婴儿爱把手往嘴里塞。
2. fall apart= break up / disintegrate
3. in general= as a whole
通常，大体上；总的来说，从总体上看
e.g.
In general, this
company’s products are very reliable.
这家公司的产品通常是很可靠的。
In general, this paper is a bit
difficult for these students to finish in an hour.
总的来说，让学生
在一个小时内完成这份试卷有些困难。
4. at the mercy of= powerless
against; completely controlled by
对
……
无能为力；任
……
处置，
任由
……
摆布
< br>
e.g.
Some people are
born with the belief that they are masters of
their own lives. Others feel
they are
at the mercy of fate.
有些人天生相信自己是生命的主宰，另
一些人则觉得他们受到
命运的支配。
I do
n’t want to put myself
at the mercy of others.
我不希望任由他人摆布。
5. no
wonder= not surprising / only too natural
不足为奇，并不奇怪
e.g.
It is no wonder that it
is so wet in the south.
南方这么潮湿，并不奇怪。
No
wonder you’re so tired, you’ve worked three hours
without a break.
难怪你这么累，你已经
连
续工作了三个小时。
It is
no wonder that he failed his final exam.
他没能通过期末考试，这是不足为怪的。
II.
1.
delay;
2.
Feverishly;
3.
fa?ade;
4.
confronted;
5.
premise;
6.
dreaded;
7.
automatically;
8.
awaiting.
III.
Word derivation
Fill in the blanks with
the appropriate forms of the given words.
1. She has got this
obsessive
(obsess) fear of
losing control, so she never shows her emotions.
2. People under a lot of stress at work
will often experience
moodiness
(mood), irritability and a
loss of confidence.
3. They
wanted a
tolerable
(tolerate) existence
—
more
food, better shelter, and peace.
4. In
the end, the company and its investors came to a
mutually
beneficial
(benefit)
arrangement.
5. Working with the mentally
handicapped can be a
satisfying
(satisfy) and
rewarding
experience.
6.
Frogs can search for food underwater,
hidden
(hide) from birds of
prey.
7. When I asked her about where
she wanted the meeting to be held, she didn’t
express any
particular
preference
(prefer).
8. The
committee has made four specific
criticisms
(critical) of the
government’s transportation
policy.
1. obsess v.
（使）牵挂，（使）惦念，（使）着迷
obsessed a.
着迷的
obsession n.
困扰，沉迷，着魔
obsessive a.
着迷的，强迫性的，分神的
e.g.
爱丽丝被一个她刚刚认识的男孩迷住了。
Alice was
obsessed by a boy she has just met.
他一直想要找到他的父亲，但是最近这变成了一种狂热。
He’s always wanted to find his father
but recently it’s become an obsession.
2. mood n.
心情，情绪
moody a.
易怒的，喜怒无常的，情绪化的
moodiness n.
忧郁
e.g.
我每个星期日情绪都很坏。
I am always in a
bad mood on Sunday.
我的妻子在医院里心情不好。
My wife is
moody at the hospital.
3. tolerate v.
容忍，忍受
tolerable a.
可容忍的
tolerant a.
宽容的，容忍的
e.g.
她能忍受寒冷的天气。
She can tolerate
the cold days.
这种炎热的天气在夜晚可以忍受。
The heat was
tolerable at night.
4. benefit n.
利益；津贴
beneficial a.
有益的，有利的
beneficiary n.
受惠者，受益人
e.g.
这项工程对每个人都大有好处。
This project
is of great benefit to everyone.
新鲜空气有益于健康。
Fresh air is
beneficial to our health.
她的丈夫是她遗嘱的主要受益人。
Her husband
is the chief beneficiary of her will.
5. satisfy v.
使满意，满足
satisfaction n.
满意
satisfactory
a.
令人满意的
e.g.
观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。
Looking at a beautiful painting always
gives one satisfaction.
她对现状根本不满意。
She is not at all
satisfied with the present situation.
6. hide v.
隐藏，隐瞒
hiding n.
隐藏，躲藏
hidden a.
隐藏的，秘密的
e.g.
她设法不表露自己的感情。
She tried to
hide her feelings.
警察正在追赶藏匿起来的杀人犯。
The police
are following a murderer who’s in
hiding.
7. prefer v.
较喜欢；宁可
preferable a.
更好的，更合意的
preference n.
偏爱，优先，喜爱物
preferential a.
优先的；优惠的
e.g.
我更喜欢牛奶，而不是咖啡。
I prefer milk
to coffee.
我父亲感到在乡村生活比在城市生活要好些。
My father finds country life preferable
to living in the city.
对于求职者，我们优先考虑有一定经验的人。
In considering people for jobs, we give
preference to those with some experience.
8. critical a.
批评的；决定性的，关键的
critic n.
批评家，评论家
criticism n.
批评，评论
criticize v.
批评；非难
e.g.
他的行为招致尖锐的批评。
His behavior
called forth sharp criticism.
他批评了我的冒险活动。
He criticized my
taking risks.
IV.
1.
C;
2.
D;
3.
A;
4.
A;
5.
B;
6.
D;
7.
C;
8.
B.
V. Synonym
/ Antonym
Give a synonym or an antonym
of the word underlined in each sentence in the
sense it is used.
1. Advertisements
convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay
so we can
hide
the gray in
our hair.
Synonym:
conceal, disguise
2. My legs
were too heavy, my shoulders too
broad
, my waist too big.
Antonym:
narrow
3. Their
contentment
holds out great
promise for me as I move into the next
—
perhaps even
better
—
phase of
my life.
Synonym:
satisfaction, happiness, joy
4. The
Virtues
of
Growing Older
Synonym:
merits, advantages
5. My
rounded
figure
seems fine, and I don’t deny myself a slice of
pecan pie if I feel in the
mood.
Synonym:
fat, plump
6. Dave lifted weights, took megadoses
of vitamins and drank a half-dozen milk shakes a
day in
order to turn his wiry
adolescent frame into some
muscular
ideal.
Synonym:
well-built
7. The two of us enjoy wearing
fashionable
clothes, but we
are no longer slaves to style.
Antonym:
old-fashioned, outdated
8.
Obviously
, I still have
important choices to make about my life, but I
have already made many
of the critical
decisions that confront those just starting out.
Synonym:
clearly, evidently
VI. Prefix
Write
in each space one word that has the same prefix as
underlined in each given word.
1.
preface
prepare
5. periphery
perimeter
2. prologue
progress
6. dialogue
diameter
3. foresight
foresee
7. semifinal
semiconductor
4.
paralysis
parallel
8. devaluate
decelerate
1.
Explanation:
pre- : before someone or
something
e.g.
prewar, precondition, precaution,
prediction
2. Explanation:
pro- : before
e.g.
proceed, procession,
provision
3. Explanation:
fore- : before or in the
front of
e.g.
foreword, foretell, forecast, forehead
4. Explanation:
para- :on one side
e.g.
paragraph, parallel
5. Explanation:
per- : surrounding
e.g.
periodic, period
6. Explanation:
dia- : pass through between
sth.
e.g.
dialectic, diagram, diagnosis
7. Explanation:
semi-: half or partly
e.g.
semicircle, semi-final,
semi-skilled
8. Explanation:
de-:
reduce
e.g.
declass, degrade, deduce
Part Two
Grammar Exercises
1. concrete nouns &
abstract nouns
Concrete nouns are words
we use for people, places, or things that we can
observe with at least
one of our five
senses. The abstract class is the opposite
—
we can never experience
these nouns
according to our senses.
While this distinction is sometimes
useful, the boundary between concrete and abstract
is not
always clear. Some nouns can be
used as uncountable nouns when they refer to a
thing in
general and countable nouns
when they refer to a particular instance of it,
consider, for example,
the noun art,
which usually refers to a concept:
e.
g.
Art is an important element of human
culture.
But it can refer to a specific
artwork in certain contexts:
e.g.
I put my
daughter’s art up on the fridge.
This is the problem of context within
sentences.
I. Complete the following
sentences with the appropriate forms of the nouns
given.
1. agony.
2. agonies.
3. experience.
4.
experiences.
5. youth.
6. a
youth.
7. My children are __a great
help__ to me. (great, help)
8. The boy
had __a good knowledge__ of mathematics. (good,
knowledge)
9. a gray hair
10. He is looking for __work__. (work)
II.
1 A; 2 B; 3 D; 4 C; 5 A;
6 B; 7 B; 8 C.
III.
a lot
of; a little; some; a few; A; some; some; a lot
of; X.
many; X; a lot of.
2.
quantifiers & determiners (every, each, everyone,
every one, all)
Each and every have
similar but not always identical meanings.
each = every one separately
every = each, all
Sometimes,
each and every have the same meaning: