-
14-17
历年大学英语四级真题及答案
2014
年
6
月大
学英语四级考试真题
Part I
Writing
（
30
minutes
）
Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
a
short
essay
on
the
following
question. You should write at least 120
words but no more than 180 words.
Suppose a foreign friend of yours is
coming to visit China, what is the first place you
would like to
take him/her to see and
why?
Part II
Listening Comprehension
（
30
minutes
）
Section
A
Directions: In this section, you will
hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
conversations. At the
end of each
conversation, one or more questions will be asked
about what was said. Both the
conversation
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
each
question
there
will
be
a
pause. During the pause,
you must read the four choices marked
A
）
,
B
）
, C
）
and D
）
, and
decide
which is the best answer. Then
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single
line through the centre.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
）
The man should visit the museums.
B
）
She can
’
t stand
the hot weather.
C
）
The
beach resort is a good choice.
D
）
She
enjoys staying in Washington.
A
）
Her
new responsibilities in the company.
B
）
What her job prospects are.
C
）
What the
customers
’
feedback is.
D
）
The director
’
s
opinion of her work.
A
）
Combine her training with dieting.
B
）
Repeat the training every three days.
C
）
Avoid excessive physical training.
D
）
Include weightlifting in the program.
A
）
When she will return home.
B
）
Whether she can go by herself.
C
）
Whether she can travel by air.
D
）
When she will completely recover.
A
）
The woman knows how to deal with the
police.
B
）
The
woman had been fined many times before.
C
）
The woman had violated traffic
regulations.
D
）
The
woman is good at finding excuses.
A
）
Switch off the refrigerator for a
while.
B
）
Have someone repair the refrigerator.
C
）
Ask
the man to fix the refrigerator.
D
）
Buy
a refrigerator of better quality.
7.
A
）
He
owns a piece of land in the downtown area.
B
）
He
has got enough money to buy a house.
C
）
He
can finally do what he has dreamed of.
D
）
He
is moving into a bigger apartment.
8.
A
）
She is black
and blue all over.
B
）
She
has to go to see a doctor.
C
）
She
stayed away from work for a few days.
D
）
She
got hurt in an accident yesterday.
Questions 9 to 11 are based
on the conversation you have just heard.
9.
A
）
She
was a bank manager.
B
）
She
was a victim of the robbery.
C
）
She
was a defence lawyer.
D
）
She was a witness to the crime.
10.
A
）
A tall man
with dark hair and a moustache.
B
）
A youth with a distinguishing mark on
his face.
C
）
A
thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.
D
）
A
medium-sized young man carrying a gun.
11.
A
）
Identify the
suspect from pictures.
B
）
Go
upstairs to sign some document.
C
）
Have her photo taken for their files.
D
）
Verify the record of what she had said.
Questions 12 to
15 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.
12.
A
）
By reading a
newspaper ad.
B
）
By
seeing a commercial on TV.
C
）
By
listening to the morning news.
D
）
By
calling an employment service.
13.
A
）
She could
improve her foreign languages.
B
）
She could work close to her family.
C
）
She could travel overseas frequently.
D
）
She
could use her previous experiences.
14.
A
）
Taking
management courses.
B
）
Teaching English at a university.
C
）
Working as a secretary.
D
）
Studying for a degree in French.
15.
A
）
Prepare for an
interview in a couple of days.
B
）
Read the advertisement again for more
details.
C
）
Send in a written application as soon
as possible.
D
）
Get
to know the candidates on the short list.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will
hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,
you will
hear
some
questions.
Both the
passage
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from the
four choices marked A
）
,
B
）
, C
）
and
D
）
. Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
16.
A
）
They cannot
see the firefighters because of the smoke.
B
）
They do not realize the danger they are
in.
C
）
They cannot hear the firefighters for
the noise.
D
）
They mistake the firefighters for
monsters.
17.
A
）
He travels all
over America to help put out fires.
B
）
He
often teaches children what to do during a fire.
C
）
He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco
community.
D
）
He
provides oxygen masks to children free of charge.
18.
A
）
He saved the
life of his brother choking on food.
B
）
He rescued a student from a big fire.
C
）
He is very good at public speaking.
D
）
He
gives informative talks to young children.
19.
A
）
Firefighters
play an important role in America.
B
）
Kids should learn not to be afraid of
monsters.
C
）
Carelessness can result in tragedies.
D
）
Informative speeches can save lives.
Passage Two
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
20.
A
）
To satisfy the
needs of their family.
B
）
To
fully realize their potential.
C
）
To make money for early retirement.
D
）
To
gain a sense of their personal worth.
21.
A
）
They may have
to continue to work in old age.
B
）
They may regret the time they wasted.
C
）
They may have nobody to depend on in
the future.
D
）
They may have fewer job opportunities.
22.
A
）
Making wise
use of your time.
C
）
Saving as much as you can.
B
）
Enjoying yourself while you can.
D
）
Working hard and playing hard.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
23.
A
）
Hardworking
students being accused of cheating.
B
）
Boy students being often treated as
law-breakers.
C
）
Innocent people being suspected
groundlessly.
D
）
Junior employees being made to work
overtime.
24.
A
）
Forbidding
students to take food out of the restaurant.
B
）
Requesting customers to pay before
taking the food.
C
）
Asking customers to leave their bags on
the counters.
D
）
Allowing only two students to enter at
a time.
25.
A
）
He was taken
to the manager.
B
）
He
was closely watched.
C
）
He
was asked to leave.
D
）
He
was overcharged.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will
hear a passage three times. When the passage is
read for the
first time, you should
listen carefully for its general idea. When the
passage is read for the second
time,
you are required to fill in the blanks with the
exact words you have just heard. Finally, when
the passage is read for the third time,
you should check what you have written.
Writing keeps us in touch
with other people. We write to communicate with
relatives and
friends. We write to
（
26
）
______
____ our family histories so our children and
grandchildren can
learn and
（
27
）
__________
their heritage
（传统）
. With
computers and Internet connections in
so
many
households,
colleges,
and
businesses,
people
are
e-mailing
friends
and
（
28
）
__________ all the
time
—
or talking to them in
writing in online chat rooms. It is cheaper than
calling
long
distance,
and
a
lot
more
（
29
）
__________
than
waiting
until
Sunday
for
the
telephone rates to drop.
Students are e-mailing their professors to
（
30
）
_________
_ and discuss
their classroom
assignments and to submit them. They are e-mailing
classmates to discuss and
（
3
1
）
__________
homework.
They
are
also
sharing
information
about
concerts
and
sports
events, as well as
jokes and their
（
32
）
__________ of life.
Despite
the
growing
importance
of
computers,
however,
there
will
always
be
a
place
and
need for the personal letter. A
（
33
）
_________
_ note to a friend or a family member is the best
way to communicate important thoughts.
No matter what the content of the message, its
real
point is,
“
I
want you to know that I
（
34<
/p>
）
__________
you.
”
This
writing practice brings rewards
that
can
’
t be seen in
（
35
）
__________,
but only in the success of human relationships.
Part III
Reading Comprehension
（
40
minutes
）
Section
A
Directions: In this section, there is
a passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select one word
for each blank from a
list of choices given in a word bank following the
passage. Read the passage
through
carefully
before
making
your
choices. Each
choice
in
the
bank
is
identified
by
a
letter.
Please
mark the corresponding letter for each item on
Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through
the centre. You may not use any of the
words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are
based on the following passage.
The
fact is, the world has been finding less oil than
it has been using for more than twenty
years now. Not only has demand been
___36___, but the oil we have been finding is
coming from
places that are ___37___ to
reach. At the same time, more of this newly
___38___ oil is of the
type
that
requires
a
greater
investment
to
___39___.
And
because
demand
for
this
precious
resource will grow, according to some,
by over 40 percent by 2025, fueling the
world
’
s economic
___40___will take a lot more energy
from every possible source.
The energy
industry needs to get more from existing fields
while continuing to search for
new
___41___. Automakers must continue to improve fuel
efficiency and perfect
hybrid
（混合动
力的）
vehicles. Technological improvements
are needed so that wind, solar and hydrogen can be
more
___42___
parts
of
the
energy
equation.
Governments
need
to
formulate
energy
policies
that promote ___43___and
environmentally sound development. Consumers must
be willing to
pay for some of these
solutions, while practicing conservation efforts
of their own.
Inaction is not an
___44___. So let
’
s work
together to balance this equation. We are taking
some of the ___45___ needed to get
started, but we need your help to go the rest of
the way.
A
）
consequently
I
）
feasible
B
）
cultivate
J
）
growth
C
）
declining
K
）
option
D
）
derived
L
）
refine
E
）
difficult
M
）
reserves
F
）
discovered
N
）
soaring
G
）
economically
O
）
steps
H
）
exception
Section B
Directions: In
this section, you are going to read a passage with
ten statements attached to it.
Each
statement contains information given in one of the
paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from
which the information is derived. You
may choose a paragraph more than once. Each
paragraph is
marked with a letter.
Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet
2.
I Cry, Therefore I Am
A
）
In
2008, at a German zoo, a
gorilla
（大猩猩）
named Gana gave birth to a male infant,
who
died after three months.
Photographs of Gana, looking stricken and
inconsolable
（伤心欲绝的）
,
attracted crowds to the zoo. Sad as the
scene was, the humans, not Gana, were the only
ones
crying.
The
notion
that
animals
can
weep
has
no
scientific
basis.
Years
of
observations
by
biologists Dian Fossey, who observed
gorillas, and Jane Goodall, who worked with
chimpanzees
（黑猩猩）
, could not
prove that animals cry tears from emotion.
B
）
It
’
s true that
many animals shed tears, especially in response to
pain. Tears protect the eye
by keeping
it moist. But crying as an expression of feeling
is unique to humans and has played an
essential role in human evolution and
the development of human cultures.
C
）
Within two days an infant can imitate
sad and happy faces. If an infant does not cry
out, it is
unlikely to get the
attention it needs to survive. Around 3-4 months,
the relationship between the
human
infant
and
its
environment
takes
on
a
more
organized
communicative
role,
and
tearful
crying begins to serve interpersonal
purposes
：
the
search for comfort and
pacification
（抚慰）
.
As we get older, crying becomes a tool
of social interaction: grief and joy, shame and
pride, fear
and manipulation.
D
）
Tears are as
universal as laughter, and grief is more complex
than joy. But although we all cry,
we
do so in different ways. Women cry more frequently
and intensely than men, especially when
exposed to emotional events. Like
crying, depression is, around the world, more
commonly seen
in women than in men. One
explanation might be that women, who despite
decades of social
advances still suffer
from economic inequality,
discrimination
（歧视）
and even violence, might
have more to cry about. Men not only
cry for shorter periods than women, but they also
are less
inclined
to
explain
their
tears,
usually
shed
them
more
quietly,
and
tend
more
frequently
to
apologize when they cry
openly. Men, like women, report crying at the
death of a loved one and
in response to
a moving religious experience. They are more
likely than women to cry when their
core
identities
—
as providers and
protectors, as fathers and
fighters
—
are questioned.
E
）
People who score on personality tests
as more sympathetic cry more than those who are
more rigid or have more self-control.
Frequency of crying varies widely: some shed tears
at any
novel
or
movie,
others
only
a
handful
of
times
in
their
lives.
Crying
in
response
to
stress
and
conflict in the home, or after
emotional trauma
（创伤）
, lasts
much longer than tears induced by
everyday
sadness
—
which in turn last
longer than tears of delight and joy.
F
）
Sadness
is
our
primary
association
with
crying,
but
the
fact
is
that
people
report
feeling
happier after crying. Surveys estimate
that 85% of women and 73% of men report feeling
better
after
shedding
tears.
Surprisingly,
crying
is
more
commonly
associated
with
minor
forms
of
depression than with
major depression involving suicidal thoughts.
G
）
People widely report that crying
relieves tension, restores emotional balance and
provides
“
catharsis,
< br>”
a washing out of bad
feelings. The term
“
catharsi
s
”
has religious
implications of
removing evil and sin;
it
’
s no surprise that
religious ceremonies are, around the world, one of
the
main settings for the release of
tears.
H
）
Crying is a nearly universal sign of
grief, though some mourners report that, despite
genuine
sorrow, they cannot shed
tears
—
sometimes even for
years after their loved one has gone. Unlike
today, when the privacy of grief is
more respected, the public or ceremonial shedding
of tears, at
the graveside of a spouse
or the funeral of a king or queen, was once
considered socially or even
politically
essential.
I
）
Crying has also served other social
purposes. Rousseau wrote in his Confessions that
while
he considered tears the most
powerful expression of love, he also just liked to
cry over nothing.
J
）
The
association of tears with art has ancient roots.
The classic Greek tragedies of the fifth
century B.C. were primarily
celebrations of gods. Tragedies, like poetry and
music, were staged
religious events.
Even then it was recognized that crying in
response to drama brought pleasure.
K
）
I
have argued that there are
neurobiological
（神经生物方面的）
associations linking the arts
and mood disorders. When I lecture on
crying, I ask my audience to let me know, by a
show of
hands,
which
art
forms
most
move
them
to
tears.
About
80%
say
music,
followed
closely
by
novels
（
74%
）
,
but then the figures fall sharply, to 43%, for
poetry, and 10-22% for paintings,
sculpture and architecture.
L
）
The
physical act of crying is mainly one of breathing
in air, which is why we choke up when
we
weep.
This
suggests
to
language
scientists
that
emotional
crying
evolved
before
language,
perhaps explaining why tears
communicate states of mind and feelings that are
often so difficult
to
express
in
words.
Of
course,
from
an
evolutionary
perspective,
recognition
of
emotion
（
usually through facial
gesture
）
was
essential for survival.
M
）
The earliest
humans arrived several million years ago, but only
150,000 to 200,000 years ago,
did
cultures,
language,
religion
and
the
arts
arise.
Along
the
way,
tears
became
more
than
a
biological necessity to
lubricate
（
润滑）
the eye and developed into a sign of
intense emotion and
a
signal
of
social
bonding.
The
development
of
self-consciousness
and
the
notion
of
individual
identity, or ego;
storytelling about the origins of the world, the
creation of humanity and life after
death;
and
the
ability
to
feel
others
’
sadness
—
all
were
critical
parts
of
the
neurobiological
changes that
made us human.
N
）
More
recently,
we
’
ve
learned
from
neuroscience
that
certain
brain
circuits
（回路）
are
activated
（激活）
,
rapidly and unconsciously, when we see another in
emotional distress. In short,
our brain
evolved circuits to allow us to experience
sympathy, which in turn made civilization, and
an
ethics
based
on
sympathy,
possible.
So
the
next
time
you
reach
a
tissue
box,
or
sob
on
a
friend
’
s
shoulder, or shed tears at the movies, stop and
reflect on why we cry and what it means
to cry. Because ultimately, while we
love to cry, we also cry to love.
46.
Nowadays people respect
the privacy of grief more than in the past.
47.
Infants cry to attract
attention for survival.
48.
There is no scientific evidence as yet that
animals can shed tears from emotion.
49.
Tears can perform
certain communicative functions which words
cannot.
50.
Our ability to
experience sympathy is essential to the
development of civilization.
51.
People are more inclined to cry when
suffering minor forms of depression.
52.
Sometimes people cannot
cry despite genuine grief.
53.
In humans
’
long
history, tears have developed an essential role in
social relationships.
54.
Men are less likely to give reasons for their
tears.
55.
Crying has long
been associated with art.
Section C
Directions: There
are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is
followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them
there are four choices marked
A
）
,
B
）
, C
）
and D
）
. You
should decide on the best choice and
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a
single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the
following passage.
Hospitals,
hoping
to
curb
medical
error,
have
invested
heavily
to
put
computers,
smartphones and
other devices into the hands of medical staff for
instant access to patient data,
drug
information and case studies.
But
like
many
cures,
this
solution
has
come
with
an
unintended
side
effect:
doctors
and
nurses can be focused on
the screen and not the patient, even during
moments of critical care. A
poll showed
that half of medical technicians had admitted
texting during a procedure.
This
phenomenon
has
set
off
an
intensifying
discussion
at
hospitals
and
medical
schools
about a problem perhaps best described
as “distracted doctoring.” In response, some
hospitals
have begun limiting the use
of electronic devices in critical settings, while
schools have started
reminding medical
students to focus on patients instead of devices.
“
You justify carrying
devices around the hospital to do medical records,
but you can surf
th
e
Internet
or
do
Facebook,
and
sometimes
Facebook
is
more
tempting,”
said
Dr.
Peter
Papadakos at the University of
Rochester Medical Center.
“
My gut
feeling
（本能的感觉）
is
lives are in danger,
”
said Dr. Papadakos.
”
< br>We
’
re not
educating people about the problem, and
it
’
s getting
worse.
”
A
survey
of
439
medical
technicians
found
that
55
percent
of
technicians
who
monitor
bypass machines
acknowledged that they had talked on cellphones
during heart surgery. Half said
they
had texted while in surgery. The study
conclud
ed, “Such distractions have the
potential to be
disastrous.”
Medical professionals have always faced
interruptions from cellphones, and multitasking is
simply
a
fact
of
life for many
medical
jobs.
What
has changed,
say
doctors, especially
younger
ones, is that they
face increasing pressure to interact with their
devices.
The pressure stems from a
mantra
（信条）
of
modern medicine that patient care must be
“
data
driven,
”
and
informed by the latest, instantly accessible
information. By many accounts,
the
technology
has
helped reduce
medical
error by
providing
instant
access
to
patient
data
or
prescription details.
Dr.
Peter Carmel, president of the American Medical
Association, said technology
“
offers
great
potential
in
health
care,
”
but
he
added
that
doctors
’
first
priority
should
be
with
the
patient.
56.
Why do hospitals equip
their staff with computers, smartphones and other
devices?
A
）
To
reduce medical error.
C
）
To
facilitate administration.
B
）
To
cope with emergencies.
D
）
To
simplify medical procedures.
57.
What does the author refer to by
“
distracted
doctoring
”？
A
）
The
disservice done by modern devices to doctors,
nurses, as well as patients.
B
）
The
tendency of medical institutions encouraging the
use of modern devices.
C
）
The
problem of devices preventing doctors from
focusing on their patients.
D
）
The
phenomenon of medical staff attending to personal
affairs while working.
58.
What does Dr. Peter Papadakos worry about?
A
）
Medical students are not adequately
trained to use modern technology.
B
）
Doctors
’
interaction with their devices may endanger
patients
’
lives.
C
）
Doctors are relying too heavily on
modern electronic technology.
D
）
Pressures on the medical profession may
become overwhelming.
59.
Why do doctors feel increasing pressure to use
modern devices?
A
）
Patients trust doctors who use modern
technology.
B
）
Use
of modern devices adds to
hospitals
’
revenues.
C
）
Data is given too much importance in
patient care.
D
）
Patients
’
data
has to be revised from time to time.
60.
What is Peter
Carmel
’
s advice to doctors?
A
）
They follow closely the advances in
medical science.
B
）
They focus their attention on the
patient
’
s condition.
C
）
They observe hospital rules and
regulations.
D
）
They make the best use of modern
devices.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the
following passage.
I have closely
watched my generation, known as The Millennials,
for 29 years now. Joel Stein
wrote an
extensive piece on Millennials and he remains
rather optimistic about our potential.
I hesitate to share his optimism
because of a
paradox
（
矛盾的现象）
we seem to exhibit, namely,
that
there
are
more
avenues
for
us
to
entertain
ourselves
than
ever
before,
yet
we
are
more
bored than ever before.
Entertainment has never been more
varied. We have more cable channels, television
shows,
and
movies
than
ever
before.
Internet
providers
allow
instant
viewing
of
almost
any
movie
or
television
program
ever
created.
Social
drinking
and
partying
are
also
widely
available
for
Millennials. Every generation develops
these habits at a certain age, but Millennials
seem to be
extending this phase of life
as they postpone marriage.
Some of this
is undoubtedly due to The Great Recession.
Millennials are having a difficult
time
finding jobs; only 47 percent of 16-to-24-year-
olds are employed, the smallest share since
government started recording data in
1948.
But do Millennials respond to
these economic troubles by doing whatever it takes
to make
ends
meet?
Hardly.
In
fact,
of
the
four
generations
Pew
Research
has
data
for,
the
Millennial
generation does
not cite work ethic
（勤奋工作）
as distinctive of itself. Millennials
want to save
the
world,
but
they
sit
and
wait
for
that
world-changing
opportunity
to
be
handed
to
them.
Instead of working 2-3 jobs, launching
a business, or doing what it takes to succeed,
they retreat.
Millennials may be the
first generation to have a lower standard of
living than their parents, but
with
this response to
adversity
（逆境）
, perhaps
deservingly so.
Much
ink
has
been
spilled
in
management
books
discussing
how
to
get
the
most
out
of
these
youths
in
the
workplace.
Largely,
they
come
to
the
same
conclusion:
Millennials
are
entitled, over-confident, and expect
too much too quickly. We should not be surprised.
Today
’
s
young
adults
were
raised
by
parents
who
made
sure
to
boost
their
self-esteem
at
every
turn,
telling them they could achieve
whatever they set their minds to, and handing out
prizes for the
sixth place.
61.
What does the author of
the passage think of Millennials?
A
）
They show little interest in
entertainment.
B
）
They are not confident about their
ability.
C
）
They enjoy an easy life due to high
technology.
D
）
They may not have bright prospects for
success.
62.
How do
Millennials feel about their life?
A
）
They can hardly do anything about it.
B
）
There is little in it to get excited
about.
C
）
It
is not as good as their
parents
’
.
D
）
It
is full of opportunities for success.
63.
In what way are
Millennials different from previous generations
according to Pew Research?
A
）
They spend less time socializing.
C
）
They do not value hard work.
B
）
They are indifferent to others.
D
）
They are more independent.
64.
What should Millennials
do according to the author?
A
）
Remain optimistic in face of adversity.
B
）
Start a business as early as possible.
C
）
Make full use of new opportunities.
D
）
Take action to change their situation.
65.
Why are Millennials
over-confident about themselves?
A
）
They have been spoiled by their
parents.
B
）
They can always get whatever they
expect.
C
）
They are misguided by management books.
D
）
They think they are young and
energetic.
Part IV
Translation
（
30
minutes
）
Directions:
For
this
part, you
are
allowed 30
minutes
to
translate
a
passage
from
Chinese
into
English. You should write your answer
on Answer Sheet 2.
为了促进教育公平
，
中国已投入
360
亿元，
用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地
区农村义务教育（
compulsory
education
）
。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使
16
< br>万多所中小学受益。
资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。
现
在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城
市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。
一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本
地农村学校就读。
2014
年
6
月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）答案
[
作文
]
If a foreign friend of mine is coming
to China, I would like to take him or her to pay a
visit to
the
capital
city
of
our
country
—
Beijing
1
.
As
is
known
to
all,
Beijing
is
not
only
a
modern
international metropolitan, but also an
ancient capital city with a long history of more
than 3000
years
2
.
Generally
speaking,
Beijing
could
be
a
good
place
for
people
to
learn
about
Chinese
history and
culture
3
.
In Beijing, there are numerous places
of interest, among which the Summer Palace is a
very
popular
one.
The
Summer
Palace
was
constructed
during
the
Qing
Dynasty.
As
an
important
political and
diplomatic center that is second only to the
Forbidden City, the royal park witnessed
lots of historic events that happened
during the modern history of
China
4
. By visiting places
of
historical meaning, my friend can
best learn Chinese history and typical culture.
In addition to the
city
’
s historical and
cultural values, Beijing can be a perfect
interpretation
of modern China. I am
sure everyone who comes to visit it will marvel at
its beauty
5
.
1. D
2. D
3. C
4. C
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. A
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. C
16. D
17. B
18. A
19. D
20. C
21. A
22. B
23. C
24. D
25. B
26. preserve
27.
appreciate
28. relatives
29. convenient
30. receive
31.
collaborate on
32.
philosophies
33. handwritten
34. care about
35. bank accounts
36. N
37. E
38. F
39. L
40. J
41. M
42. I
43. G
44. K
45. O
46. H
47. C
48. A
49. L
50. N
51. F
52. H
53. B
54. D
55. J
56. A
57. C
58. B
59. C
60. B
61. D
62. B
63. C
64. D
65. A
[
译文
]
In
order
to
promote
fairness
in
education,
China
has
invested
36
billion
yuan
to
improve
educational
facilities in rural areas and enhance compulsory
education in the rural areas of the
central and western
regions.
1
These funds are
used to improve teaching facilities and buy books,
benefiting
more
than
160
thousand
primary
and
secondary
schools.
2
Besides,
these
funds
are
spent
purchasing music and painting
equipment.
3
Now, children in
rural and mountainous areas
can have
music and painting classes just as children in
coastal cities do.
4
Some
students who were
transferred to city
schools for receiving better education have now
returned to their local rural
schools.
5
2014
年
12
月四级真题
(
< br>第
2
套
)
Part IWriting(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are
allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about
a
course
thathas
impressed
you
most
in
should
state
the
reasons
and
write
at least 120words but no more than 180
words.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
1
上作答。
Part IIListening
Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In
this
section,
you
will
hear
8
short
conversations
and
2
long
conversations.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation,
one
or
more
questions
will
be
asked
about what was said.
Both the conversation and the questions will be
spoken only
once. After each question
there will be a pause. During the pause, you must
read
the four choices
marked
A
．
,B
．<
/p>
, C
．
and
D
．
, and decide which is
the best answer.
Then
mark
the
corresponding
letter
on
Answer
Sheet
1
with
a
single
line
through
the
centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
1
上作答。
1.
A
．
She used to be
in poor health.
B
．
She was popular among
boys.
C
．
She was
somewhat overweight.
D
．
She didn't do
well at high school.
2.
A
．
At the airport.
B
．
In a
restaurant.
C
．
In a booking office.
D
．
At the hotel
reception.
3. A
．
Teaching her son by herself.
B
．
In a
restaurant.
C
．
Asking the teacher for extra help.
D
．
Telling her
son not to worry.
4.
A
．
Have a short break.
B
．
Take two weeks
off.
C
．
Continue
her work outdoors.
D
．
Go on vacation
with the man.
5.
A
．
He is taking care of his
twin brother.
B
．
Take two weeks off.
C
．
He is worried
about Rod's health.
D
．
He has been in
perfect condition.
6.
A
．
She sold all her
furniture before she moved house.
B
．
She still
keeps some old furniture in her new house.
C
．
She plans to
put all her old furniture in the basement.
D
．
She bought a
new set of furniture from Italy last month.
7. A
．
The woman
wondered why the man didn't return the book.
B
．
The woman
doesn't seem to know what the book is about.
C
．
The woman
doesn't find the book useful any more.
D
．
The woman
forgot lending the book to the man.
8.
A
．
Most of the man's friends
are athletes.
B
．
Few people share the woman's opinion.
C
．
The man
doesn't look like a sportsman.
D
．
The woman
doubts the man's athletic ability.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
9.
A
．
She has packed it in one
of her bags.
B
．
She is going to get it at the airport.
C
．
She has
probably left it in a taxi.
D
．
She is afraid
that she has lost it.
10.
A
．
It ends in winter.
B
．
It will cost
her a lot.
C
．
It
will last one week.
D
．
It depends on
the weather.
11.
A
．
The plane is taking off
soon.
B
．
The taxi
is waiting for them.
C
．
There might be
a traffic jam.
D
．
There is a lot of stuff to pack.
12.
A
．
At home.
B
．
At the
airport.
C
．
In
the man's car.
D
．
By the side of a taxi.
Questions 13 to
15 are based on the conversation you have just
heard.
13. A
．
She
is thirsty for promotion.
B
．
She wants a
much higher salary.
C
．
She is tired
of her present work.
D
．
She wants to
save travel expenses.
14.
A
．
Translator.
C
．
Language
instructor.
B
．
Travel agent.
D
．
Environmental engineer.
15.
A
．
Lively personality and
inquiring mind.
B
．
Communication
skills and team spirit.
C
．
Devotion and
work efficiency.
D
．
Education and
experience.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will
hear 3 short passages. At the end of each
passage, you will hear some questions.
Both the passage and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a
question, you must choose the best answer from
the four choices marked
A
．
,B
．
,
C
．
and
D
．
.
Then
mark
the
corresponding
letter
on
Answer
Sheet
1
with
a
single
line
through
the
centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
1
上作答。
Passage
One
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
16.
A
．
They care a lot about
children.
B
．
They
need looking after in their old age.
C
．
They want to
enrich their life experience.
D
．
They want
children to keep them company.
17.
A
．
They are usually adopted
from distant places.
B
．
Their birth
information is usually kept secret~
C
．
Their birth
parents often try to conceal their birth
information.
D
．
Their adoptive parents don't want them to know
their birth parents.
18.
A
．
They generally hold bad
feelings towards their birth parents.
B
．
They do not
want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive
parents.
C
．
They
have mixed feelings about finding their natural
parents.
D
．
They
are fully aware of the expenses involved in the
search.
19. A
．
Early adoption makes for closer parent-child
relationship.
B
．
Most .people prefer to adopt children from
overseas.
C
．
Understanding is the key to successful adoption.
D
．
Adoption has
much to do with love.
Passage Two
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
20.
A
．
He suffered from mental
illness.
B
．
He
bought The Washington Post.
C
．
He turned a
failing newspaper into a success.
D
．
He was once a
reporter for a major newspaper.
21.
A
．
She was the first woman
to lead a big U.S. publishing company.
B
．
She got her
first job as a teacher at the University of
Chicago.
C
．
She
committed suicide because of her mental disorder.
D
．
She took over
her father's position when he died.
22.
A
．
People came to see the
role of women in the business world.
B
．
Katharine
played a major part in reshaping Americans' mind.
C
．
American media
would be quite different without Katharine.
D
．
Katharine had
exerted an important influence on the world.
Passage Three
Questions 23
to 25 are based on the passage you have just
heard.
23. A
．
It'll enable them to enjoy the best medical care.
B
．
It'll allow
them to receive free medical treatment.
C
．
It'll protect
them from possible financial crises.
D
．
It'll prevent
the doctors from overcharging them.
24.
A
．
They can't immediately
get back the money paid for their medical cost.
B
．
They have to
go through very complicated application
procedures.
C
．
They can only visit doctors who speak their native
languages.
D
．
They may not be able to receive timely medical
treatment.
25. A
．
They don't have to pay for the medical services.
B
．
They needn't
pay the entire medical bill at once.
C
．
They must send
the receipts to the insurance company promptly.
D
．
They have to
pay a much higher price to get an insurance
policy.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will
hear a passage three times. When the passage
is read for the first time, you should
listen carefully for its general idea. When
the
passage
is
read
for
the
second
time,
you
are
required
to
fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
exact words you have just heard. Final- ly, when
the passage is read for the
third time,
you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
1
上作答。
More and more of the world's
population are living in towns or cities. The
speed
at which cities are growing in
the less developed countries is (26)__________.
Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in
developed countries increased two and a half
times
in
size,
but
in
other
parts
of
the
world
the
growth
was
eight
times
their
size.
The
(27) __________size of growth is bad enough, but
there are now also very
disturb-ing
signs
of
trouble
in
the
(28)__________
of
percentages
of
people
living
in
towns and per-centages of people working in
industry. During the nineteenth
century
cities
grew(29)__________
the
growth
of
industry.
In
Europe
the
proportion
of people living
in citiesWasalwayssmallerthanthatoftheworkForcewor
kingin
,however,the(30)
__________
is
almost
always
tree
in
the
newly
industrialised
world:
the
percentage
of
people
living
in
cities
is
much
higher
than
the
percentage working in industry.
Without
a
base
of
people
working
in
industry,
these
cities
cannot(31)
__________their
growth;thereis
not
enough
money
tobuildadequatehousesfor
thepeoplethatlivethere,(32)__________
the
new
arrivals.
There
has
been
little
opportunity
to
build
water
supplies
orother
(33)
__________
S
o,thefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcities(34)______
____
proportional
growth
of
unemployment
and
underemployment,
a
growth
in
the
number
of
hopeless
and
(35)__________ parents and starving
children.
Part
Ⅱ
IReading Comprehension (40
minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a
passage with ten blanks. You are required
to
select
one
word
for
each
blank
from
a
list
of
choices
given
in
a
word
bank
following
the passage. Read
the passage through carefully before making your
choices. Each
choice
in the
bank is identified by
a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter
for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre. You may not
use any of the words in the bank more
than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based
on the following passage.
As an Alaskan
fisherman, Timothy June,54, used to think that he
was safe from
industrial
pollutants(
污染物
) at his home
in Haines--a town with a population of
2,400 people and 4,000 eagles,with 8
million acres of protected wild land nearby.
But
in
early
2007,
June
agreed
to
take
part
in
a
36
of
35
Americans
from
seven
states.
It was a
biomonitoring project, in which
people's blood
and ur/ne
(
尿
)
were tested
for
37
of
chemicals--
in
this
case,
three
potentially
dangerous
classes
of
compounds
found in common household 38 like face
cream, tin cans, and shower curtains. The
results--39
in
November
in
a
report
called
It
in
Us?
by an
environmental
group--were
rather
worrying.
Every
one
of
the
participants,40
from
an
minois
state
senator to a
Massachusetts minister, tested positive for all
three classes of
pollutants.
And
while
the
41
presence
of
these
chemicals
does
not
42
indicate
a
health
risk, the fact that typical Americans
carry these chemicals at all 43 June and his
fellow participants.
Clearly, there are chemicals in our
bodies that don't 44 there. A large, ongoing
study conducted by the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention has found 148
chemicals in Americans of all ages.
And in 2005, the Environmental Working
Group found an 45 of 200 chemicals in the
blood
of
10
new-borns.
babies
are
being
born
pre-polluted,
says
Sharyle
Patton
of
Commonweal, which cosponsored
environmental issue after climate chang
e.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上
作答。
A
．
analyses
B
．
average
C
．
belong
D
．
demonstrated
E
．
excess
F
．
extending
G
．
habitually
H
．
necessarily
I
．
products
J
．
ranging
K
．
released
L
．
shocked
M
．
simple
N
．
survey
O
．
traces
Section B
Directions: In
this section, you are going to read a passage with
ten statements
attached
to
it.
Each
statement
contains
information
given
in
one
of
the
paragraphs.
Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph
more
than
once.
Each
paragraph
is marked with a
letter. Answer the
questions
by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2.
In Hard Economy for All Ages,
Older Isn't Better... It's Brutal
[A]
Young graduates are in debt, out of work and on
their parents' couches. People
in
their
30s
and
40s
can't
afford
to
buy
homes
or
have
children.
Retirees
are
earning
near-zero interest
on their savings.
[B] In the current
listless (
缺乏活力的
) economy,
every generation has a claim to
having
been
most
injured.
But
the
Labor
Department's
latest
jobs
reports
and
other
recent data present a strong case for
crowning baby boomers
(
二战后生育高峰期出
生的人
) as
the greatest victims of the recession and its
dreadful consequences.
[C] These
Americans in their 50s and early 60s--those near
retirement age who do
not yet have
access to Medicare and Social Security--have lost
the most earnings
power
of
any
age
group,
with
their
household
incomes
10
percent
below
what
they
made
when the recovery began three years
ago, according to Sentier Research, a data
analysis
company.
Their
retirement
savings
and
home
values
fell
sharply
at
the
worst
possible time: just
before they needed to cash out. They are
supporting both aged
parents
and
unemployed
young-adult
children,earning
them
the
unlucky
nickname
[D] New
research suggests that they may die sooner,
because their health, income
security
and
mental
well-
being
were
battered
(
重创
)
by
recession
at
a
crucial
time
in
their
lives.
A
recent
study
by
economists
at
Wellesley
College
found
that
people
who lost their jobs in
the
few years
before becoming qualified for
Social Security
lost
up
to
three
years
from
their
life
expectanv'y
(
预期寿命
),
largely
because
they
no longer had access to
affordable health care.
[E]
Unemployment rates for Americans nearing
retirement are far lower than those
for
young people, who are recently out of school, with
fewer skills and a shorter
work
history. But once out of a job, older workers have
a much harder time finding
another one.
Over the last year, the average duration of
unemployment for older
people was 53
weeks, compared with 19 weeks for teenagers,
according to the Labor
Department's
jobs report released on Friday.
[F]
The
lengthy
process
is
partly
because
older
workers
are
more
likely
to
have
been
laid
off
from
industries
that
are
downsizing,
like
manufacturing.
Compared
with
the
rest of
the population, older people are also more likely
to own their own homes
and be less
mobile than renters, who can move to new job
markets.
[G]
Older
workers
are
more
likely
to
have
a
disability
of
some
sort,
perhaps
limiting
the range of jobs that offer realistic
choices. They may also be less inclined, at
least initially, to take jobs that pay
far less than their old positions.
[H]
Displaced
boomers
also
believe
they
are
victims
of
age
discrimination,
because
employers can easily
find a young, energetic worker who will accept
lower pay and
who can potentially stick
around for decades rather than a few years.
[I]In a survey of older workers who
were laid off during the recession, just one
in six had found another job, and half
of that group had accepted pay cuts.14% of
the re-employed said the pay in their
new job was less than half what they earned
in their previous job.
this?'
said
John
Agati,56,
whose
last
full-time
job,
as
a
product
developer,
ended
four years ago when
his
employer went out of business.
That
position
paid $$90,000,
and
his
resume
lists
jobs
at
companies
like
American
Express,
Disney
and
USA
Networks.
Since
being laid
off, though,
he
has
worked a
series
of
part-
time,
low-wage,
temporary
positions,
including
selling
shoes
at
Lord
&
Taylor
and
making
sales
calls
for a car company.
[J]
The
last
few
years
have
taken
a
toil
not
only
on
his
family's
finances,
but
also
on his feelings of
self-worth.
getting up in the morning,
going out to their careers and going home. I just
wish
I
was
doing
that.
Some
people
don't
like
their
jobs,
or
they
have
problems
with
their
jobs,
but at least they're working. I just wish I was in
their shoes.
He
said
he
cannot
afford
to
go
back
to
school,
as
many
younger
people
without
jobs
have done. Even if he
could afford it, economists say it is unclear
whether older
workers like him benefit
much from more education.
[K]
Daniel
Hamermesh,
an
economics
professor.
by
age,
long-term
unemployment,
and
the
fact
that
they're
now
at
the
end
of
the
hiring
queue
just
don't
make it sensible to invest in
them.
[L]Many displaced older workers
are taking this message to heart and leaving the
labor
force
entirely.
The
share
of
older
people
applying
for
Social
Security
early
rose
quickly
during
the
recession
as
people
sought
whatever
income
they
could
find.
The
penalty
they
will
pay
is
permanent,
as
retirees
who
take
benefits
at
age
62
will
receive
as much as 30% less in each month's check for the
rest of their lives than
they would if
they had waited until full retirement age (66 for
those born after
1942).
[M]
Those
not
yet
qualified
for
Social
Security
are
increasingly
applying
for
another,
comparable
kind
of
income
support
that
often
goes
to
people
who
expect
never
to
work
again: disability benefits. More than
one in eight people in their late 50s is now
on some form of federal disability
insurance program, according to Professor Mark
Duggan at the University of
Pennsylvania's Wharton School.
[N]
The
very
oldest
Americans,
of
course,
were
battered
by
some
of
the
same
ill
winds
that
tormented(
折磨
)
those
now
nearing
retirement,
but
at
least
the
most
senior
were
cushioned by a more readily available
social safety net. More important, in a
statistical twist, they may have
actually benefited from the financial crisis in
the most fundamental way: longer lives.
[O] Death rates for people over 65
have historically fallen during recessions,
according to a November2011 study by
economists at the University of California,
Davis. Why? The researchers argue that
weak job markets push more workers into
accepting
relatively
undesirable
work
at
nursing
homes,
leading
to
better
care
for
residents.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
46.
Greater mobility puts younger people at an
advantage in seeking new jobs.
47.
Many
of
the
older
workers
laid
off
during
the
recession
had
to
accept
lower
pay
in their new jobs.
48.
Those
who
lose
their
jobs
shortly
before
retirement
age
live
a
shorter-
than-average life.
49. Seniors at
nursing homes could benefit from the weak job
market.
50. Age discrimination in
employment makes it pointless retraining older
workers.
51.
According
to
recent
reports
and
data
analyses,
boomers
suffer
most
from
the
weak
economy.
52.
Unemployed
boomers
are
at
a
disadvantage
in
job-hunting
because
employers
tend
to
hire younger workers.
53. People in
their fifties and early sixties bear the heaviest
family burdens.
54. People who take
benefits from Social Security before official
retirement age
will get much less for
the rest of their lives.
55. Older
workers' choice of jobs can be limited because of
disability.
Section C
Directions:
There
are
2
passages
in
this
section.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
some
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
mark
ed'A
．
,B
．
, C
．
and
D
．
.
You should
decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are
based on the following passage.
New
Yorkers
are
gradually
getting
used
to
more
pedaling
(
骑车的
)
passengers
on
those
shining blue Citi
Bikes. But what about local bike shops? Is Citi
Bike rolling up
riders at their
expense?
At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca,
manager W. Ben said the shop has seen an increase
in
its overall sales due to the bike-
share program.
road,
he
said.
James
Ryan,
an
employee
at
Danny's
Cycles
in
Gramercy
also
said
Citi
Bike
is
a
good
option
for
people
to
ease
into
biking
in
a
city
famed
for
its
traffic
jams
and aggressive
drivers.
one,
Rentals
are
not
a
big
part
of
the
business
at
either
Gotham
Bikes
or
Danny's
Cycles.
But for Frank's Bike
Shop, a small business on Grand St., the bike-
share program
has
been
bad
news.
Owner
Frank
Arroyo
said
his
rental
business
has
decreased
by
90
％
since Citi Bike was rolled out last
month.
Arroyo's main rental customers
are European tourists, who have since been drawn
away by Citi Bikes.
However, Ben said the bike-share is good for bike
sales at his shop.
used the bike- share
and realized how great it is to bike in the city,
then decide
that they want something
nicer for themselves,
Christian
Farrell
of
Waterfront
Bicycle
Shop,
on
West
St.
just
north
of
Christopher
St.,
said
initially
he
was
concerned
about
bike-share,
though,
he
admitted,
was
happy to see
people on bikes.
Farrell's early
concerns were echoed by Andrew Crooks, owner of
NYC Velo, at 64
Second Ave.
implement,
Crooks
said
of
Citi
Bike.
He
saidhe
worried
about
inexperienced
riders'
lack of awareness of bildng rules and
strong negative reaction from non-cyclists.
However, he said, it's still too early
to tell ff his business has been impacted.
While it's possible bike-share will
cause a drop in business, Crooks allowed that
the idea is a positive step forward for
New York City.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
56. What is
the author's chief concern about the increasing
use of Citi Bikes in
New York?
A
．
How non-
cyclists will respond to it.
B
．
Whether local
bike shops will suffer.
C
．
Whether local
bike businesses will oppose it.
D
．
How the safety
of bike riders can be ensured.
57. What
happened to Gotham Bikes as a result of the bike-
share program?
A
．
It found its bike sales unaffected.
B
．
It shifted its
business to rentals.
C
．
It saw its
bike sales on the rise.
D
．
It rented more
bikes to tourists.
58. Why is the bike-
share program bad news for Frank's Bike Shop?
A
．
It cannot meet
the demand of the bike-share program.
B
．
Its customers
have been drawn away by Citi Bikes.
C
．
Its bike
prices have to be lowered again and again.
D
．
It has to
compete with the city's bike rental shops.
59. Why did Andrew Crooks think that
the bike-share program would be difficult to
execute?
A
．
Inexperienced
riders might break biking rules.
B
．
Conflicts
might arise among bike rental shops.
C
．
Traffic
conditions might worsen in the downtown area.
D
．
There are not
enough lanes to accommodate the bikes.
60. What is the general attitude of
local bike shops towards Citi Bike?
A
．
Wait-and-see.
B
．
Negative.
C
．
Indifferent.
D
．
Approving.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to
65 are based on the following passage.
Various studies have shown that
increased spending on education has not led to
measurable improvements in learning.
Between 1980 and 2008, staff and teachers at
U.S. public
schools grew
roughly twice as
fast
as
students.
Yet students showed
no
additional learning in
achievement tests.
Universities show
similar trends of increased administration
personnel and costs
without greater
learning, as documented in Richard Arum and Josipa
Roksa's recent
book Academically
Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses.
A survey shows that 63% of employers
say that recent college graduates don't have
the sldlls they need to succeed and 25%
of employers say that entry-level writing
skills are lacking.
Some
simplistically
attribute
the
decline
in
our
public
education
system
to
the
drain
of
skilled
students
by
private
schools,
but
far
more
significant
events
were
at
work.
Public
schools worked well
until about the 1970s. In fact, until that time,
public
schools
provided
far
better
education
than
private
ones.
It
was
the
underperforming
students who
were thrown out of public schools and went to
private ones.
A
prominent
reason
public
schools
did
well
was
that
many
highly
qualified
women
had
few
options
for
worldng
outside
the
house
other
than
being
teachers
or
nurses.
They
accepted
relatively
low
pay,difficult
working
conditions,
and
gave
their
very
best.
Having
such
a large supply of
talented women teachers meant
that
society could pay
less
for
their
services.
Women's
liberation
opened
up
new
professional
opportunities
for
women,
and,
over
time,
some
of
the
best
left
teaching
as
a
career
option,
bringing
about a gradual
decline in the quality of schooling.
Also around that time, regulations,
government, and unions came to dictate pay,
prevent
ac~ustments,and
introduce
bureaucratic
(
官僚的
)
standard
for
advancement.
Large
education
bureaucracies
and
unions
came
to
dominate
the
landscape,
confusing
activity
with
achievement.
Bureaucrats
regularly
rewrite
curriculums,
talk
nonsense
about
theories
of
education,
and
require
ever
more
admires
trators.
The
end
result
has been that, after all the spending,
students
have worse math and reading
skills
than
both
their
foreign
peers
and
earlier
generations
spending
far
less
on
education--as all the accumulating
evidence now documents.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答
61.
What do we learn from various studies on America's
public education?
A
．
Achievement
tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of
teaching.
B
．
Public schools-lack the resources to compete with
private schools.
C
．
Little
improvement in education has resulted from
increased spending.
D
．
The number of
students has increased much faster than that of
teachers.
62. How do some people
explain the decline in public education?
A
．
Government
investment does not meet schools' needs.
B
．
Skilled
students are moving to private schools.
C
．
Qualified
teachers are far from adequately paid.
D
．
Training of
students' basic skills is neglected.
63. What was a significant contributor
to the past glory of public schools?
A
．
Well-behaved
students.
B
．
Efficient admirestration.
C
．
Talented women
teachers.
D
．
Generous pay for teachers.
64. Why did
some of the best women teachers leave teaching?
A
．
New career
opportunities were made available to them by
women's liberation.
B
．
Higher
academic
requirements
made
it
difficult
for
them
to
stay
in
their
jobs.
C
．
They were
unhappy with the bureaucratic administration in
their schools.
D
．
The heavy teaching loads left them little time and
energy for family life.
65. What does
the author think is one of the results of
government involvement in
education?
A
．
Increasing
emphasis on theories of education.
B
．
Highly
standardized teaching methods.
C
．
Students'
improved academic performance.
D
．
An ever-
growing number of administrators.
Part
IVTranslation (30 minutes)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to
translate a passage from
Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on Answer
Sheet 2.
中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。
2
010
年，中国约有
4
．
2
亿网民
(netizen)
，而且
人数还在迅速增长。
互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社
会变化。
中国网民往往不同于美国网
民。
美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使。
用互联网为工具发电子邮件、
< br>买卖商品、
做研究、
规划旅程或付款。
< br>中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，
因而更广泛地使用论坛、
博客、
聊天室等。
注意：
此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
<
/p>
2014
年
12
月四级真题答案详解
(
第
2
套
)
Part IWriting
The Most Impressive Course in My
College Life
写作指南
本年度的作文文体比较自由，
不再局限于议论文。
题目要求考
生介绍自己“印象最深刻的一
门课”，并阐述原因。
根据题目要求，文章的结构可安排如下：
第一段：
引出话题，
指出大学的课程各有各的作用，
但是“我”个人印象最深刻的一门课程
是“文学鉴赏”。
第二段：具体描述该门课，注意重点介绍其特别之处，如老师独特的阅读及
讨论要求。
第三段：简要说明自己学习该门课程后的收获，如
锻炼了分析能力和批判思维能力。
范文与译文
范文
译文
In coUege
，
we take
a variety of courses to develop
在大学，我们学习不同的课程来发展
different
Sldlls
．
Some
courses
are
meant
to
broaden
不同的技能。
一些课程旨在拓展我们的视
our
horizon
；
others
are
designed
to
shape
our
野，
另一些课程则是要锻炼我们的思维能
thinking
< br>abili
—
ties
．
Among
all
those
courses
．
the
力。
在所有课程中，
令我印象最为深刻的
one
the
has
impressed
me
most
is
Literature
是“文学鉴赏”。
Appreciation
．
该课程的特别之处在于任课教师用其
This course is unique in that the
teacher has his
特有的方法来鼓励学生成为聪明的读者。
own
way
to
encourage
students
to
become
better
他称之
为文学的“
ABC
”之路。
“
ABC
”指
readers
．
He
calls
it
all
“
ABC
”
approach
to
的是
“既要欣赏也要批判”
。
当我们阅读
literature
．“
ABC
”
stands
for
“
appreciative but
一首诗或一篇短篇小说时，
他首先要求我
critic
al
”．
Whenever we are assigned
a poem
，
or a
们欣赏作品
之美，
如措辞、
情节、
韵律等
short story
，
he first
asks US to appreciate the
方面的美。接着他会要求我们转向批判，
beauty of
the literary works
，
in
terms of diction
，
尽量找作品的
“茬”
。
班上每位同学都
必
plots
，
须分别给出欣赏及批判的意见，
而且之前
rhythm
etc
．
Then he asks US to be
cntical
，
trying
说过的不能再重复。
to find
fault with the literary
works
．
Everyone in
我觉得这种教学方式不仅令我印象深
class
must
contribute
one
appreciative
comment
and
刻，
同时还让我受益匪浅，<
/p>
因为该方式能
one cnfical
comment
；
and no one shall
repeat what
锻炼我的分析能力和批判思维能力。
多亏
has been said
．
这门课，
我现在阅读的时候，
既细心又
敏
I
find
this
approach
quite
beneficiM
as
well
as
im-
锐。
pressive
，
because
it
cultivates
my
analytical
thinking and
critical thinking
skills
．
Thanks to
this
course
，
I
anl
now
an
attentive
and
alert
reader
．
万能句型
1
．
Amo
ng…．
the
one
that
has
impressed
me
mostis………之中．
令我印象最为深刻的是……
2
．Among…，
the one
that has left me the deepestimpression is
………之中．令我印
象最为深刻的是……
3
．Among…,…has been very
impressive onme．……之中，……确实令我印象深刻。
1
．I find…quite
beneficial as well as impressive，because…我觉得……不仅令我
印
象深刻，同时还让我受益匪浅．因为……
2…．
is not only very
beneficial but also impres-sive in that
．
．
．
．…．
．不仅令人
印象深刻，同时还让人受益匪浅，原因在于……
3
．
I
anl
very
much
impressed
by…while
at
thesame
time
benefit
a
lot
from
it．
because…<
/p>
我对……印象深刻，并且从中受益匪浅，因为……
写作模板
In
college
，
we(
引出话题
)
．
Some(
某类事物
lare
meant
t
o(
发挥的作用
)
；
< br>others
are
de-
signed
to(
发挥的另一种作
用
)
．
Among
all
those(
相关事物
)
，
the
one
that
has
impressed
me most is(
印象最深刻的事物
)
．
(
该事物
)is unique in
thatf
概述该事物的独特之处
)
．
(
分点详述该事物的独特之处
)
．
I
find(
该事物
)quite
beneficial
as
well
as
impressiv
e
，
because
it(
阐述原因
l)
．
Tha
nks
to(
该事物
)
，
I am now(
阐述原因
2)
．
Part
HListening Comprehension
Section A
1.
W:
I
ran
into
Sally
the
other
day.
I
could
hardly
recognize
her.
Do
you
remember
her
fromhigh school?
M:
Yeah.
She
was
a
little
out
of
shape
back
then.
Well,
has
she
lost
a
lot
of
weight?
Q:
What does the man remember of Sally?
[C
]
【解析】男士说
Sally
当时体形
有点不成样子，随后问“她是不是减肥了”，说明她当
时体重超重，即
< br>C
。
【点睛】①she
选项题，一般问对话中的女士，可本题问对话中谈到的
Sally
，需区分。②
选项关键词位于表语
(
或谓语
)
部分，
po
or health,popular,overweight
和
(do)well
等修饰
词提供依据。③听到
out of shape
．
a lot of
weight
，即可迅速解题。
2.
W: We don't seem to have a reservation for you,
sir. I'm sorry.
M:
But
my
secretary
said
that
she
had
reserved
a
room
for
me
here.
I
phoned
her
from
the airport this
morning just before I got on board the plane.
Q: Where does the conversation most
probably take place?
[D]
【解析】根据
reserved
a room
可知对话发生在宾馆前台。
【点睛】①介词选项，要求判断对话发生的地点。
②要根据对话关键词解题，比如本
对话中
的
reserved a room
。需要注意的是。录音中也出现了
airport
和
plane
，但要听清楚在这
个场景下发生的
动作是过去发生的，前面的
here
才能表明对话所在地。
3. W: What would you do if
you were in my place?
M:
If
Paul
were
my
son,
I'd
just
not
worry.
Now
that
his
teacher
is
giving
him
extra
help and he is working
harder himself, he's sure to do well in the next
exam.
O: What's the man's suggestion to
the woman?
[B]
【解析】女士问男士有什么建议
，男士说“不用担心”，她儿子下次会考好的。即建议
女士要对自己的儿子声信心，故选
B
。
【点睛】①动词的现在分词选项，涉及
her
son
，应当问“女士如何做”。②C、
D
分别利用
单词
extra
help
，
not
worry
混淆视听。
4.
M:
You've
had
your
hands
full
and
have
been
overworked
during
the
last
two
weeks.
I think you really
need to go out and get some fresh air and
sunshine.
W: You are right. That's iust
what I'm thinking about.
Q: What is the
woman most probably going to do?
[A]
【解析】男士建议女士“出去呼吸一下新鲜空气，晒晒太阳”，即
A“
稍微休息一下”。
【点睛】①动词原形选项，多问建议、将来
的打算，重点是听懂对话中的建议句型。②不可
根据对话中的片言只语
< br>two weeks
，
go out
选
B
、
C
。
5. W: Hello, John. How are
you feeling now? I hear you've been ill.
M:
They
must
have
confused
me
with
my
twin
brother
Rod.
He's
been
sick
an
week,
but
I've
never felt better in my life.
Q: What
do we learn about the man?
[D]
【解析】男士明确说：“我一辈子从来没有感觉到比现在更好的”，意即他身体状况很
好，故
D
正确。
< br>【点睛】①He
选项，
ill
，
health
，
perfect co
ndition
表明对话涉及健康状况，需关注有
关男士的描述
。②本题若问男士的孪生兄弟
Rod
的健康状况，则应选
B
。③否定词
never
和
比较级
better
连用，表达
最高级含义，与选项
D
中的
perfe
ct
一致。
@but
之后的内容往往<
/p>
是考点。
6.
M:
Did
you
really
give
away
all
your
furniture
when
you
moved
into
the
new
house
last month?
W: Just the
useless pieces, as I'm planning to purchase a new
set from Italy for
the sitting room
only.
O: What does the woman mean?
[B]
【解析】
男士问女士是否把全部旧家具
都扔了，
女士用了
just
，
only
说明没有全部扔掉，
因此答案为
B
。
【点睛】①选
项均提及
She
如何处理
furnit
ure
，听对话时可预期相应内容。
②A、
C
选项中
的
all
具有绝对化的含义，一般不会是答案。
B
含
some
，极可能是正确答案。③D
具有一定
的迷惑性，但时态不对。
7.
M:
I've
brought
back
your
Oxford
Companion
to
Literature.
I
thought
you
might
use it for your paper. Sorry not to have returned
it earlier.
W: I was wondering where
the book was.
Q: What can we infer from
the conversation?
[D]
【解析】男士还
女士书时，女士说“我还在纳闷书到哪里去了呢”，说明她忘了曾把书
借给男士，即
D
。
【点睛】
①以
The
woman
开头的选项，
都带否定含义，
核心词是
book
，
相关词
有
return,about
，
use
ful
，
lend
，可猜测对话内容。
②听懂女士的回答，不难作出正确推理。
8. W: To
tell the truth, Tony, it never occurred to me that
you are an athlete.
M:
Oh,
really?.
Most
people
who
meet
me,
including
some
friends
of
mine,
don't
think
so either.
Q: What do we
learn from the conversation?
[C]
【解析】女士及大多数认识男士的人都不觉得男士是运动员，说明
C
正确。
【点睛】
①各选
项主语均不一致，
在听力题中比较少见，
可以看作是“哪个选项
正确”的问
题。②关键词是
athletes
< br>，
sportsman
，另外涉及到
friends
，
few people
< br>。辨明这些词之
间的关系，就能解题。③对话中的关键句型值得学习：it
never occurred to me that…虽
然是否定句，表达的却是肯
定含义；
not
．
。
< br>either(
也不
)
表示“观
点相同”，故
B
、
D
均错误。
Now you'll
hear the two long conversations.
Conversation One
M: Mary,
[12]I hope you are packed and ready to leave.
W: Yes, I'm packed, but not quite
ready. [9]I can't find my passport.
M:
Your passport? That's the one thing you mustn't
leave behind.
W:
I
know.
I
haven't
lost
it.
[9]I've
packed
it,
but
I
can't
remember
which
bag
it's
in.
M: Well, you'll have to
find it at the aJ_rport. [11]Come on, the taxi is
waiting.
W: [12]Did you say taxi? I
thought we were going in your car.
M:
Yes, well, I have planned to, but I'll explain
later. You've got to be there in
an
hour.
W: The plane doesn't leave for
two hours. Anyway, I'm ready to go now.
M: Now, you are taking just one case,
is that right?
W: No, [12]there is one
in the hall as well.
M: Gosh, what a
lot of stuffl [10]You are taking enough for a
month instead of a
week.
W:
Well, you can't depend on the weather. It might be
cold.
M: It's never cold in Rome.
Certainly not in May. Come on, we really must go.
W: Right, we are ready. We've got the
bags. I'm sure there is no need to rush.
M: There is. [11]I asked the taxi
driver to wait two minutes, not twenty.
W: Look, I'm supposed to be going away
to relax. You are making me nervous.
M:
Well, I want you to relax on holiday, but you
can't relax yet.
W: OK. I promise not
to relax, at least not until we get to the airport
and I find
my passport.
9.
What does the woman say about her passport?
[A]
【解析】对话开头，女士说找不到护照，并说“我拿了的。只是不记得
放在哪一个袋子
里了”，故
A
正确。<
/p>
【点睛】①选项均讨论
She
把
it
怎么样了。由动词
packed
，
get
，
left,lost
不难对各选项
予以区别。
②对话开头的
passport
由男士重复
反问过，
是信息重点，
猜测即是选项中的
it
。
女士否认“遗失
(lo
st)”，排除
D
。③由原文中的
pack
即可选定答案。
10
．What do we know about the
woman’
s trip?
[C]
【解析】根据男士的讽刺“你带的东西都够一个月而不是一周用了”，可见女士计划外
出
一周。
【点睛】①难点是判断选项主语
it
的含义，必须根据对话来理解。②选项关键词是
wint
er,cost a lot,one week
。
weath
er
。录音提到
a week
和
weather
，但说到
weather
时
用的是否定句。故可排除
D
，选
C
。
A
、
B
均未提及。
11
．
Why does the
man urge the woman to hurry?
[B]
【解析】男士两次提及
taxi
在等，故答案为
B
。
【点睛】①由
plane
，
taxi
，
traffic jam
猜测，本题可能与交通有关
。②离飞机起飞还有
两个小时，时间充裕，
A
< br>不对；
C
未提及；尽管东西多，但都已经打好包了，
D
也不准确。
B
是
对话中重复出现的信息，是正确答案。③可以根据听到的提问方式确认答案。
12
．
Where does the
conversation most probably take place?
[A]
【解析】根据“离开”、“厅里
(
还有一个箱子)”、“你的车”等关键词可知二人准备
离开家外出旅游。
【点睛】显然问“对话发生在何处”。根据对话中的关键词
(
信息
)
推理判断。
Conversation Two
W:
Oh, [13]I'm fed up with my job.
M:
Hey,
there
is
a
perfect
job
for
you
in
the
paper
today.
You
might
be
interested.
W: Oh? What is
it? What do they want?
M: Walt a
minute. Eh, here it is. [14]The European Space
Agency is recruiting
translators.
W: The European Space Agency?
M: Well, that's what it says. They need
an English translator to work from French
or German.
W:
So
they
need
a
degree
in
French
or
German,
I
suppose.
Well,
I've
got
that.
What's
more, I have plenty
of experience. What else are they asking for?
M: Just that. A university degree and
three or four years of experience as [14]a
translator in a profes- sional
environment. They also say the person should have
a lively and inquiring mind, effective
com- munication skills and the ability to
work individually or as a part of the
team.
W: Well, if I stay at my present
job much longer, I won't have any mind or skills
left. By the way,[15]what about salary?
just hope it isn't lower than what I get
now.
M: It's said to 'be
negotiable. [15]It depends on the applicant's
education and
experience. In addition
to basic salary, there is a list of extra
benefits. Have
a look yourself.
W:
Hmm,
travel
and
social
security
plus
relocation
expenses
are
paid.
Hey,
this
isn't
bad. I
really want the job.
13
．
Why is the
woman trying to find a new job?
[C]
【解析】对话第
1
句女士就说自己厌倦了自己的
工作，故答案为
C
。
【点睛】①选项涉及
She
对工作的态度、期望。②对
话首尾处是出题重点。③答案中的
be
tired
of
是原文
be fed up
with
的同义表达。
14
．
What position
is being advertised in the paper?
[A]
【解析】对话多次提到所招聘职位是“翻译”，故选
A
。
【点睛】①表示职业、职务的名词选项，
只需听到原文相关信息“对号入座”即可。②关键
信息是考点，往往在
对话中多次出现。
15. What are the
key factors that determine the salary of the new
position?
[D]D
【解析】对话中男士说，工资待
遇“取决于求职者的教育背景和工作经历”，
D
是原文
再现，正确。
【点睛】①名词选项。不仅需理
解各选项的含义，
还需在录音中听到有关信息，并做相应记
录。
②A、
B
的内容在对话中同时出现，作并列成分，故可同时排除
。
C
未提及。
SectionB
．
Passage One
When couples get
married, they usually plan to have children.
Sometimes however,
a couple cannot have
a child of their own. In this case, they may
decide to adopt
a child. In fact,
adoption is very common today. There are about
60,000 adoptions
each year in the
United States alone. Some people prefer to adopt
infants. Others
adopt
older
children.
Some
couples
adopt
children
from
their
own
countries.
Others
adopt
children
from
foreign
countries.
In
any
case,
they
all
adopt
children
for
the
same
reason: [16]they care about children and want to
give their adopted child a
happy life.
Most adopted children know that they are adopted.
Psychologists and
childcare
experts
generally
think
this
is
a
good
idea.
However,
many
adopted
children
or adoptees have very little
information about their biological parents. [17]As
a
matter
of
fact,
it
is
often
very
difficult
for
adoptees
to
find
out
about
their
birth
parents,
because
the
birth
records
of
most
adoptees
are
usually
sealed.
The
information is secret, so no one can
see it. Naturally, adopted children have
different
feelings
about
their
birth
parents.
Many
adoptees
want
to
search
for
them,
but others do not. The decision to
search for birth parents is a difficult one to
make.
[18]Most
adoptees
have
mixed
feelings
about
finding
their
biological
parents.
Even
though
adoptees
do
not
know
about
their
natural
parents,
[19]they
do
know
that
their adoptive parents
want them, love them and will care for them.
16. Accordingtothespeaker,whydosome
couples adopt children?
[A]
【
解析】短文先介绍了种种收养孩子的行为，然后总结说：不管是什么样的情形，人们
收养
孩子都出于同一个理由：他们喜欢孩子。故
A
正确。
【点睛】
①由选项中的
need
，
want
可知，
本题问“他们”的目的、
打算。
内容上涉及
children
，
old
age
和
life experience
，可重点关注有关内容。
(
室
)c
are about children
是原词再
现。③说明理
由的内容常是考点。
17. Why is it
difficult for adoptees to find out about their
birth parents?
[B]
【解析】短文说到：大
多数被收养者的出生记录往往不对外公开。相关资料是保密的，
因此没有人能看到。
B
与此相符。
【
点睛】①四个选项主语均不相同，但都涉及“收养”关系；
distant
，
secret
，
conc
eal
等都有“遮蔽信息”的含义。②考点内容由
becaus
e
引导出来，也是语义重心所在，应不
难作答。
18. Why do many adoptees find it
hard to make the decision to search for the birth
parents?
[C]
【解析】短
文提到：被收养者很难作出要寻找生身父母的决定：大多数人对寻找自己的
生身父母感情
复杂。
mixed feelings
是解题关键词。答案选<
/p>
C
。
【点睛】
①A、
B
、
C
中均提到
feelings
，只是各自的修饰语不同：听到录音
中相应的修饰语
mixed
，即可作答。②不可仅凭常识自以为
是地选
B
。实际上，
A
与短文内容不符。
B
、
D
则
未提及。
19. What can we infer from the passage?
[D]
【解析】短文开头提到，人们收养孩子是因为他们喜欢<
/p>
(care about)
孩子；最后又说，
被收养者知道，其养父母需要他们，爱
(10ve)
他们，
会照顾他们。因此．
D
正确。
【点睛】①各选项均讨论“收养”关系，只是各有侧重。
A
、
B
显然不符合文章内容；
C
貌似
正确，
但短文没有讨论
understandin9
的问题。
②推理
题要依据文章的主旨、
多次重复的信
息解答。
< br>
Passage Two
Katharine
Graham graduated from the University of Chicago in
1938 and got a job as
a news reporter
in San Francisco. [20]Katharine's father used to
be a successful
investment
banker.
In
1933
he
bought
a
failing
newspaper--The
Washington
Post.
Then
Kathaxine returned to
Washington and got a job,editing letters in her
father's
newspaper. She married Philip
Graham who took over his father-in-law's position,
shortly after and became publisher of
The Washington Post. But for many years her
husband suffered from mental illness
and he killed himself in 1963. After her
husband's death, Katharine operated the
newspaper. In the 1970s, the newspaper
became famous around the world. And
Katharine was also recognized as an important
leader
in
newspaper
publishing.
[21]She
was
the
first
woman
to
head
a
major
American
publishing
company--The
Washington
Post
Company.
In'
a
few
years,
she
successfully
expanded
the
company
to
include
newspaper,
magazine,
broadcast
and
cable
companies.
She
died
of
head
injuries
after
a
fall
when
she
was
84.
More
than
3,000
people
attended
her funeral
including many government and business leaders.
[22]Her friends said
she would be
remembered as a woman who had an important
influence on events in the
United
States and the world. Katharine once
wrote:
would
not
be
the
same
kind
of
world.
After
her
death,
the
employees
of
The
Washington Post wrote:
[22]
all.
20. What do we learn
from the passage about Katharine's father?
[B]
【解析】短文说，
Katharine
的父亲于
l933
年买下了陷入困境的《华盛顿
邮报》
。故
8
正确。
< br>
【点睛】①选项主语是
He
，
要注意区分短文中听到的不同人物及其所作所为。有精神疾病
的是
Katharine
的丈夫；做过记者的是
Katharin
e
；邮报是
20
世纪
< br>70
年代闻名天下的．当
时由
K
atharine
负责。②要根据问题选择答案。
21. What does the speaker tell US about
Katharine Graham?
[A]
【解析】原文提
到：
Katharine
是担任美国主要出版公司领导人的第一
位女性。故
A
正
确。
< br>
【点睛】①考点含
the first woman<
/p>
这种强调性字眼．是文章的语义重心所在，应能听到、
记住。②选
项
A
用
to lead a
bi9…company
解释原文中的
tohead a ma
jor…c
ompany
．是
典型的同
义替换选项。③其他选项，要么文章未提及，要么人物和事件弄混。
22. What does the comment by employees
of The Washington Post suggest?
[D]
【解析】文章结尾的几句都是对
Katharine
的评价。“她将作为一个对美国以及全世界
的事件产生过重要影响的女性为世人所怀
念……没有
Katharine
的世界将是一个完全不同
的世界。”这些表述含义相同，
D
与此一致。
【点睛】
①各选项均谈到
Katharine
的影响，
分析各选项的区别．
主要是影响的范围不一致。
A
说
business world
．
C
说
media
，范围都太窄。
< br>B
在短文中未提及。
若能记住
world
一词，
即可准确无误答题。
②文章结尾句若是对前文的重复强调，
是明白无
误的语义重心，则往往是出题考点。
Passage
Three
Obtaining [23]good health
insurance is a real necessity while you are
studying
overseas. It protects you from
minor and major medical expenses that can wipe out
not only your savings but your dreams
of an education abroad. There are often two
different types of health insurance you
can consider buying:international travel
insurance
and
student
insurance
in
the
country
where
you
will
be
going.
An
interna-tional travel insurance policy
is usually purchased in your home country
before you go abroad. It gener-ally
covers a wide variety of medical services and
you
are
often
given
a
list
of
doctors
in
the
area
where
you
will
travel
who
may
even
speak
your
native
language.
[24]The
drawback
might
be
that
you
may
not
get
your
money
back immediately. In
other words, you may have to pay all your medical
ex-penses
and then later submit your
receipts to the insurance company. On the other
hand,
[25]gettiug
stu-dent
health
insurance
in
the
country
where
you
will
study
might
allow
you to only pay a certain percent-age
of the medical cost at the time of service
and thus you don't have to have
sufficient cash to pay the entire bill at once.
Whatever
you
decide,
obtaining
some
form
of
health
insurance
is
something
you
should
consider before you
go overseas. You shouldn't wait until you are sick
with major
medical bills to pay off.
23. Why does the speaker advise
overseas students to buy health insurance?
[C]
【解析】短文开头说，好的健康保险可以使你免受大大小小的医疗费用的
困扰：这些费
用不仅会耗尽你的积蓄，而且还会让你的留学梦破灭。
C
正确。
【点睛】①选项中的关键信息是“就医”
(medical
care
／
treatment)<
/p>
、“钱”(free，
financial
crises,over-charge).
可据此听取有关信
息.②考点
是第
2
句．它是对第
1
句
(
主题句
)
的解释说明
.
24
．What is the drawback of
students’buying in．
ternationai travel i
nsurance?
［
A
］
［解析］短文提到，购买国际旅行保险的缺点是你不能马上拿回你支付的钱
.A
与此完
全一致
.
< br>是答案
.
［点睛］
①各选项要么
是否定句，
要么有
mplicated
等修饰语，
都具有负面含义，涉及返款、申请程序、就医限制等
.
②可一边听录音一边对相关选项作正
误判断，不难推知，
B
、
C
、
D
均不正确
.
25
．
Wllat does the
speaker say about
students'get
．
ting health
insurance in the
country where they
will
study
．
［
B
］
［解析］短文说，在留学国购买健康保险可以
在就医
时只支付部分医疗费，而不必一下子支付所有费用
.
选项
B
与原文一致
.
［点睛］①
A
、
B
是
好处，
C
、
D
说局限(“不得不……”)其中，
A
是全盘的否定，
B
是部分否定<
/p>
.
注意这些细微
差别，
< br>便于在听到相应信息时判断、
辨别
.
②短文先概述两种健康险
(
对应第
23
题
)
，
然
后分
别介绍两种保险的特点
(
对应第<
/p>
24
题和第
25
题
)
，出题点和文章结构一一对应
.
Section C
ng
［解析］空
格所在句的主干是
The
speed
is
空格位于系动词
is
后，与
is
共同
构成句子的谓语
< br>.alarming
在句中为形容词，意为‘‘令人担忧的”.
< br>
27
．
sheer
［解析］
空格前是定冠词
The
< br>，
空格后是名词词组
size
of
growth“增长的规模”，
故空格处应填人
size of growth
的修饰成分
.sheer
在句中意为“纯粹的”.
<
/p>
28
．
comparison
［解析］空格前是定冠词
the
，空格后是
of
引导的介宾短语，故空格处应
填人用名词
(
词组
).
名
词
comparison
为动词
com
pare“比较，对比”的派生词，意为“比
较”.
29
．
as
a
result
of
［解析］空格前的句意为“城市发展”，空格后为名词词组“工业的发
展”，
填入
as a result
of
作为……的结果”，表现城市的发展是由业的发展造成的
.
30
．
reverse
［解析］
空格位于定冠词
the
后面，
故应填入名词
(
词组
)
，
作句子的主语
.r
everse
在句中作名词．意为“相反的情况”.
31
．
pay
for
［解析］空格位于情态动词
cannot
后面
.
故应填入动词
(
词组
)
的原形，
p
ay
for
表示“负担……的费用，
偿还”，
在句中意为“这些城市无法承担城市人口发展所带来的代
价”.
32
．
let
alone
［解析］
let alone
意为“更不用说，不必考虑”.空格所在句意为“尚且没
有足够财力为当地人建造足够
的房屋，更不用说为新移民建房屋了.”
33
．
facilities
［解析］由空格前的
or
可知，空格所在的
other
与前面的
water
supplies
并列，都是一些基本设施、设备
.facility
意为“设施，设备”，常用复数形式
.
34
．
represent
［解析］空格所在句缺少谓语成
分，故空格处应填入动词
(
词组
0
represent
意为“代表”.
35
．
despaifing
［解析］
由空格前的
and
可知，
空格填入的成分与
hopeless“失去希望的”
并列，都应该是含负面意义的修饰语
.despairing<
/p>
意为“绝望的”.
PartⅢ
Reading Comprehension
Section A
全又翻译
五十四岁的阿拉斯加渔民蒂莫西·朱恩曾经以为他住在家乡海恩斯就可以免受工业污染的
危害
.
海恩斯是个拥有
2400
人、
4000
只鹰的小镇
，附近还有
800
万英亩的自然保护区
.
但是
在
2007
年初，朱恩参加了一项针对美国
7
个州
35
人的调查
.
这是一个生物监测
的项目，通
过检测人体血液和尿液来追踪化学物质
.
该调查在面霜、锡罐和浴帘等日常家居用品中发现
了三类具有潜在危险的化
学物
.
调查结果非常令人担忧
.11<
/p>
月，一个环保组织将该结果发表
在一份名为
“是否存在于我们体内?”的报告中
.
每个参与调查的人，<
/p>
从伊利诺斯州的参议员
到马萨诸塞州的部长
.
上述三类污染物的检测结果都呈阳性
.
< br>尽管人体内存在这些化学物质并不一定表明有健康隐
患，但普通美国人携带这些化
学物质的事实的确让朱恩和其他参与者深感震惊
.
显而易见
,
我们体内有一些本不属于我们自身的化学物质
.
美国疾病控制与预防中心正在进行的一项大
型研究在各年
龄段的美国人体内共发现了
148
种化学物质
< br>.
而在
2005
年，环境工作小
组在
10
个新生儿的血液中发现平均有
200
种化学物质
.
《公益》杂志
(
该杂志是
.
是否
存在于我们
体内?”报告赞助方之一
)
的莎瑞尔·帕顿说：
“我们的孩子在出生之前就已经被污染了，
这
将是自气候变化之后的又一大环境问题
.
”
词性分析
名
词：
a
nalyses
分析；分析报告［复数］
average
平均数，平均
excess
过量，过度；超<
/p>
过
products
产品；乘积［复数］
survey
调查；测量；全面审视
t
races
痕迹，踪迹；微量
［复数］
动
词：
a
nalyses
分析［第三人称单数］
average
平均，求平均数
belon9
属于；应归入；<
/p>
适应
demonstrated
论证；演
示；举例说明；举行示威游行［过去式或过去分词］
extending
延伸，扩展；提供，给予；达到［现在分词或动名词］
ranging(
在某范围内
)
变动；
(over)
涉及；使排列成行
f
现在
分词或动名词］
released
释放，解除；发布，发表［过
去式或过
去分词］
shocked(
使
)
震惊［过去式或过去分词］
surv
ey
调查；测量；全面审视
traces
查
出；追溯；描摹［第三人称单数］
形容词：
average
平均的；平常的
excess
过量的，额外的
shocked
震惊的
simple
简单的
副
词：
h
abitually
习惯地
necessarily
必要地：必然地
解题思路
36
．
［
N
］空格前的不定冠词
a
表明此处应填入可数名词单数形式，作
tak
e
part
in“参加”
的宾语<
/p>
.
下一句的主语
It
指代该词，根据该句的表语
a biomonitoring project“一
个生物
监测的项目”可知填入的词与
project
语义相关，因此选
N
项
s
urvey“调查”.
37
．
［
O
］空格前是介词
for“为了”，空格后是
of
属格，故此处应填入名词或动名
词
.
本句
是
i
n
which
引导的定语从句，
wh
ich
指代
project“项目”，句子提到这个项目对人体
的血
液和尿液进行了测试，目的当然是找到化学物质，
O
项
traces“痕迹，踪迹”符合逻辑
.
38
．田空格前是形容词
househ
old“家庭的”，故此处应填入名词，意义上能概括空格后列
举的
face
creani“面霜”、tin
cans“锡罐”和
shower
c
urtains“浴帘”等家用的东西
.
词库的名词中，
l
项
products“产品”符合要求
.coInInon household products
表示
“普
通居家用品”.
39
．
［
K
］空格位于句子主
语
The
results“(调查
)
结果”和谓语
were
rather
worryin9“相
当令人担忧”之间的插入语的开头，下文
by
an
environmental
group
表示某个动作的施动
者，
故此处应填入表被动的过去分词，
动词的逻辑宾语是
The
results.
由下文的
in
a
report
可推测这里表示该调
查结果“被发表”在一项报告上，故选
K
项
released“发表”.D
项
demonstrate
d
表示“论证；举例说明”，但“论证”的内容通常是某种观点、说法的正确
性，而不是已经确定的“研究结果”.
40
．
［
J
］空格位于
句子主语
Every
one
of
the
participants“每个参与者”和谓语
tested
：
“检测”之间的插入语部分
，空格后为介词
from…t
o
…结构
，故应填入动词的分词形式，
补充说明主语
.
< br>词库中常与
from…to…搭配的分词有
rangin
g
“(在范围内
)
变动”和
extending“延伸”.extendin
g
通常形容河流、土地、森林的延伸
.
而此处指参与者的范围，
J
项
rangh
唱更合适，表示参与者包括伊利诺斯州参议员
,
马萨诸塞州部
长
.
41
．
［
M
］空格位于定冠词
the
和名词
presence
之间，因此空格处的词
应为可以作定语的名
词、形容词或分词
.
上文提到参与者都检测出有三类污染物，本句中用
while
引导的从句意
为“尽管这些化学物质的……存在不表示有健康风险”，
< br>因此空格处的词应具有“不会导致
严重后果”的含义，词库中
M
项
simple“简单的”符合要求
.
42
．
［
H
］空格在助动词
does not
和谓语动词
indicate
之间，故应填入副词
.
本句指“这些
化学物质的存在不……代表有健康
风险”，词库中的副词
necessarily“必要地”代入，与
not
连用表示“不一定”，句意通顺
.G
项
habit
ually“习惯性地”代入，表示“这
些化学
物质的存在不习惯性地代表有健康风险”，句意不通，故排除
.
43
．
［
L
］分析句子结构，空格所在句的主语是
the
fact
，空格后是名词结构
June and his
fellow participants.
故此处应填入谓语
动词
.
空格所在的主句与
while<
/p>
所引导的从句之间
构成让步转折的关系，
从句提到体内有这些化学物质不表示有健康风险，
故推断主句提到的
这个事实让
June
和其他人都感到意外，
L
项
shocked“使
(<
/p>
某人
)
震惊”符合要求
< br>.
44
．
［
< br>C
］空格前是助动词
don’t，空格后是副词
there
，故此处应填入不及物动词的原形，
充当
that
引导的定语从句的
谓语
.that
指代
chemicals
in
our
bodies“我们体内的化学物质”，
there
指代
in
Our
bodies.
上文提到那些
化学物质是家居用品中的，因此推断不应存在于我们体
内，故选
C
项
belon9“属于”.
45
．
［<
/p>
8
］空格前的不定冠词
an
表明此处应填入元音开头的可数名词单数形式，词库中初步
符合要求的名词只
有
B
项
average“平均数”和
E
项
excess“过量”.an
exces
s
of
< br>．
一可表“过量的某种事物”，
但其后不接具体数量，空
格
后是具体数值“200<
/p>
种化学物质”，我们可以说“过量的化学物质”，但不会说“过量
的
200
种化学物质”，
E
项不
合适．因
此只能选
8
项
average“平均数
”.本句意为“在
2005
年，环境工作小组发现
l0
个新生儿的血液中平
均有
200
种化学物质”.
Section B
全文翻译划线点评
经济困难，人人自危
越老越糟，……现实很残酷
［
A
］年轻的毕业生们债务缠身，没有工作，不得不啃老
.
三四十岁的人，买不起房子，养不
起孩子
.
退休人员的存款利息接近为零
.
［
B
］
当前经济如一潭死水
，每个年龄段的人都称自己是最受伤的一群
.
［
51
］
但是美国劳工
部的最新
就业报告和其他近期的数据提出有力证据，
将二战后生育高峰期出生的人“加冕”
为受此次经济衰退及其可怕后果影响最大的受害者
.
［
C
］
数据分析公司森提尔的
研究表明，
［
53
］这些
50
多岁和
60
岁出头的美
国人，他们接近
退休年龄但还没有获得医疗保险和社会保障收入
(
译注：美国的
Medicare
和<
/p>
Social
Security
相当于
退休医疗金和退休金．达到美国法定退休年龄
65
岁的人群才可
获得
)
是所
有年龄段中丧失挣钱能力最
厉害的人群，
跟三年前经济刚复苏的时候相比，
他们的家庭收入
降低了
10
％
.
他们的退休储蓄和房产价值在最不应该的时候，
也就是恰恰在
他们需要支取出
来之前大幅下跌
.
［<
/p>
53
］
他们不仅需要赡养年迈的父母
.
而且还需要供养失业的成年孩子，
这
使他们得到了一个不幸的绰号：
“被榨干的一代”
< br>.
［
D
］新研究表明，他们的
寿命会变短，因为他们的身体健康、收入保障和精神健康在其生
命中的关键时刻遭受经济
衰退带来的重创
L0
［
48
］韦尔斯利学院的经济学家最近的一项研
究发现，
那些在获得社会保障资格前几年失业的人，
其麦金往往要比预期寿命短三年，
很大
原因在于他们不能再享用低价医疗保健
. <
/p>
［
E
］接近退休年龄的美国人的失业率，
远远低于那些刚走出校门、技能较少并且没有多少
工作经历的年轻人
.
但是一旦失业，
年龄大的人就很难再找到工作了
.
根据美国劳工部周五公
布的就业报告，在过去
的一年里，年龄大的人的平均失业持续时间是
53
周，而青少年
则是
19
周
.
［
F
］失业持续时间长在一定程度上是由于年长工人更可能因
为企业裁员而下岗，就像制造
业
.
［<
/p>
46
]
较其他人群而言，年龄大的人也
更可能拥有自己的房子
.
流动性不如那些可以轻松
转到新劳力市场的租房族
.
［
G
］
［
55
］年长工人更可能有某种形式的缺陷．这也许会限制他们可以选择的工作范围
.
他
们也可能更不情愿，至少在最初的时候，接受那些薪酬远远低于他们
之前薪酬的工作
.
［
H
］
［
52
］那些由于工作岗
位被取消而失业的婴儿潮一代还相信他们是年龄歧视的受害者，
因为雇主可以很容易地找
到一个年轻、
充满活力同时可以接受更低工资，
并且还可以坚持
几
十年而不是几年的员工
.
［
I
］
［
47
］一项关于经济衰退期间被解雇的年长员工的调查表明，只有
l
／
6
的人找到了新
工作
.
并且那些人中有一半人接受了减薪
.
14
％的再就业者说，
他们新工作的薪酬不及他们上
一份工作收入的一半.“我只是对自己说：‘为什么是我
?
我做了什么，应该受到这样的惩
罚?”56
岁的约翰·
阿格迪这样说
.
他之前的全职工作是做产品开发，四年前因老板
破产而
失业
.
那个职位的工资是
9
万美元，他简历上列的工作单位包括美国运通、迪斯尼以及美国
网络之类的公司
.
自被解雇以来，他做过一
系列的兼职、低薪工作、临时工作，还曾在罗德
与泰勒百货卖过鞋子，在汽车公司做过电
话销售
.
［
J
］
过去几年不仅严重影响了他的家庭经济情况，
也影响了他的
自我价值感.“你总是感到
悲伤难过，”阿格迪先生说.“我看到人们早上起床，出门为
他们的事业拼搏，然后回家
.
我只希望我也能这样
.
有些人不喜欢他们的工作，或者他们在工作上有问题，但至少他们是
在工作
.
而我只希望我能够像他们那样
.
”
他说他不能像很多失业的年轻人那样重返
学校，
他
负担不起
.
< br>即使他负担得起学费，但是经济学家们说．目前还不清楚像他这样的年长员工到
底
能从再教育中受益多少
.
［
K
］
［
50
］
“为年龄在
55
岁及以上的人提供培训是没有意
义的.”经济学教授丹尼尔·哈默
麦什说，“［
50
］年龄歧视，长期失业
.
招聘方现在最不愿意聘用
他们
.
在这样的情况下
.
投
资培训并不明智.”
［
L
］许多因工作消失而失业的年长员工对此耿耿于怀，便彻底离
开了职场。老年人在未达
到法定退休年龄就申请社会保障的比例在经济衰退时期迅速上升
，
人们本该这个时期想尽一
切办法争取收入的。
然而。他们为此承受的损失会是永久性的，
［
54
］因为在
62
岁开始享受
< br>福利的退休人员。未来每个月的收入都比那些等到完全退休年龄
1942
年之后出生的人要达
到
66
岁开始享受福利的人尘
30
％。
［
M
］那些不符合社会保障条件的正在
申请另一个类似的收入支持保障，即残疾福利。这种
福利常常适用于那些不打算再工作的
人。宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的马克·达根教授认
为，超过八分之一的人，在他们接近
60
岁时，都加入了某种形式上的联邦残疾保险项目。
［
N
］最老的美国人
，当然，也会受到那些接近退休的人所遭受的一些冲击，但至少最年长
的人更容易获得社
会保障体系的保护。
更重要的是。
峰回路转的统计数据显示，<
/p>
实际上他们
已在根本上从金融危机中获益：更长寿。
［
O
］加州大学戴维斯分
校的经济学家在
2011
年
ll
月做的一项研究显示，
65
岁以上的人的
死亡率在经济萧条时期历史性地下降了。为什么呢
?
研究人员认为，
［
49]
疲软
的就业市场促
使更多人接受了相对不受欢迎的疗养院工作，使疗养院居民得到更好的照顾
。
46
．
［
F
］
［译文］拥有更大的流动性使得年
轻人在寻找新工作时处于有利地位。
［定位解析］
根据题目中的
Greater
mobility
可
定位到
F
段第
2
句。
该句提到，
相对于其他年龄段的人．
年
龄大的人更可能拥有自己的房子，
流动性也不如那些可以
轻松转到新劳力市场的租房族。
本
题是从年轻人的角度来阐述，
上了年纪的人流动性不强因而吃亏，
而年轻人流动性强就占优<
/p>
势了，故本题内容与原文
F
段的内容是对
应的。
47
．
［
I
］
［译文］
许多在经济萧条期被解雇的年长员工不得不接受薪资更低的新工作。
［定位
解析］根据题目中的关键信息
laid off during the
recession
，
lower pay
可定位到
l
段
第
< br>l
句。
该句引用了一项调查，
提
到在经济萧条期被解雇的年长工人中，
有
1
／
6
再就业了，
而就业的人群中，
一半接受了减薪。原文的
half of that group
对应题目中的
Many
，而原
文的<
/p>
Pay cuts
对应
lower Pa
y
。据此可判断，本题信息来自
1
段。
［干扰排除］
G
段最后一句也提到了薪水减少，但该句指的是年长的员工不太愿意从事比旧
职位薪资
少的工作，原文中的
be
less
inclined
to
take“不太愿意从事”与题目的
had
to
accept“不得不接受”语义上存在差异，故排除。
48
．
［
D
］
［译文］那些接近退休的人失业后，寿命会比一般人短。
［定位解析］文章提及寿命
的只有
D
段和
N
段。再结合题目中的
shortly before retirement age
定位到
D
段第
2
句。
该句引用调查，
说明“接近退休的人失业后，
其寿命会
比预期寿命
(
即平均寿命
)
少三年。
”
原文的
in
the fewyears
before
．
。
Social
Security
对应题目中的
shortly bdfore
retirement
age
：而原文的
lost up to
threeyears from their life
expectancy
则对应
shorter-than-
average
life
。
据此可判
断本题信息来自于
D
段。
［
干扰排除］
N
段末的
lo
nger
Hves“更长寿”是指超过退休年龄的人的情况，
不能由此推断出
“接近退休的人”
的寿命情
况，故排除
N
。
49
．
［
O
< br>］
［译文］疗养院的老年人可以从疲软的就业市场中获利。
［定位解析］由题目中的关
键信息
nursing
homes
可定位到
O
段最后一句。
该句提及“疲软的就业市场将促使更多人去
疗养院
工作，最终使疗养院的居民得到更好的照顾”。“疗养院的居民”(residents)即为
< br>题目中的
Seniors at nursing
homes“疗养院的老年人”，原文中的
better care
对应
benefit
。据此可判断本题选
< br>O
。
50
．
［
K
］
［译文］就业中的年龄歧视使得年长员工的再培训毫无意义。
［定位解析］根据题目
的
pointless
，
< br>retrainin9
可定位到
K
段。
该段引用经济学教授的话说明了对老人再培训不
明智，首
句中出现了题目中的关键词
retainin9
．该段中的
doesn’t make
sense
及
don't
make
it
sensible
与题目中的<
/p>
pointless
对应；第
2
句讲述的原因包括
Discrimination
by
age
，与题目中的
Age disc
riminatlon
对应。据此判断本题信息来自
K
段。
51
．
［
B
］
［译文］根据近
期报告和数据分析，二战后生育高峰期出生的人受疲软经济的影响
最大。
［定位解析］根据题干中的
recent reports and data
analysis
和
suffer most
< br>可定
位到
8
段第
2
句。该旬用
crowning baby
boomers…as the greatest victims of．
。句型<
/p>
说明二战后生育高峰期出生的人成为此次经济衰退的最大受害者，
crown
一词原义为
“为……加冕”，可引申为“使……成为
……”。本题所述与
B
段的文意相符。
52
．
［
H<
/p>
］
［译文］失业后的婴儿潮一代在寻找新工作时处于劣势，因为雇
主更倾向于雇佣更
年轻的工人。
［定位解析］文章提及
baby
boomers
与“年轻人”寻找新
工作时情况的段落主
要是
E
至
H
段．因此答案在这
几段找
.
结合题目中的
tend
to
hire
younger <
/p>
workers“倾向于雇佣年轻人”可定位到
H
段
.
该段
because
后提到了年轻人的几点优势，包括
youn9
，
energetic
，
accep
t lower
pay
以
及
can…stick
around for
decades.
从而使得
boomers
受歧视，题目是对原文的正话反说，
年轻人有优势，
boomers
就是处于不利地位了
(at
a
disadvantage).<
/p>
故确定本题出处是
H
段
< br>.
【干扰排除】本题易误选
E
段
.
但
E
段最
后一句对比的对象是
older people
和
teenager
，
范围上与题目中的
boomers
及
young
workers
有所区别，
且该段并没有明确提到其中一方
的
优势所在，故排除
E
段
.
53
【
C
】
【译文】
50
多岁或
60
岁出头的人背负的家庭负担最重
.
【定位解析】根据题目的
in their fifties
and early sixties
可定位到
C
段
.
该段首句就
提到了
50s
and
early
60s“50
多岁或
60
岁出头的人”.结合最后一句的“他们需要赡养年
迈的父母，
而
且还需要供养失业的成年孩子”以及他们的绰号“被榨干的一代”可看出他们
的家庭负担
重
.
本题意思与此相符，故选
C. <
/p>
54.
【
L
】<
/p>
【译文】在未达到官方退休年龄就享受社保的人在余生获得的社保金会少很多
.
【定位解析】根据题目中的
much
less
，
for the rest of their l
ives
可定位到
L
段最后
一句
.
该句提到“62
岁
时就开始领的社保金会比正常退休的少
30
％”.原文中的
at age
62
对应题目的
before official
retirement age
：而
receive as
much as 30
％
less
对应
题
目中的
9et much
less
，故选
L.
55.
【
G
】
【译文】由于某
些缺陷，年长工人可选的工作有限
.
【定位解析】根据题干的
limited
，
disabilit
y
等关键信息可定位到
G
段第
l
句
.
该句提到
“年长的工人更可能有某种形式的缺陷
(have a
disability of some sort)
，这也许会限制
< br>他们可以选择的工作范围
(limiting the
range of
jobs)”.题目的信息与此相符，故选
G.
Section C
Passage
One
56.
［
B
］
［定位］根据题干中的
Citi Bikes in New York
定位至第
l
段
.
［解析］本题问针对越来越多人使用
Citi
Bikes
，作者首要担心的问题是什么
.
题干所说的
the increasing use of Citi B
ikes
与第
l
段首句的
mor
e pedaling passengers“更多骑
车的人”对应
.
作者在提出该现象后，紧接着就使用
了两个问句，表示关心当地自行车店对
此的反应，并提问城市自行车项目是否会让当地自
行车店利益受损
(at their expense).B
项
中的
suffer
是对最后一句
at
their
expense
的同义转
换，选项意为“当地自行车店是否
会受害”，与原文意思一致
.
［点睛］
A
项“非骑行者会如何反应”
与两个问题涉及的
local shop
无关，文中只在倒数<
/p>
第
2
段提到有店主担心非骑车者会反对<
/p>
(strong negative
reaction
from
non-cyclists).C
< br>项“本地的自行车店是否会反对”偏离重点，
原文只提到了本地的自行车店会如何
反应，
但
是不是反对并没有提及
.D<
/p>
项“如何保证自行车骑行者的安全”在第
l
段乃至整篇文章都并
未涉及
.
57
.
［
C
］
［定
位］根据题干中的
Gotham Bikes
定位至第
2
段
.
［解析］
题目问的是公共自行车项目导致
Gotham
自行车店产生了怎样的结果
.
第
2<
/p>
段首句出
现表原因的
due
to
“由于”，
与题干中表结果的
as
a
result
相对
，
故
due
to
前面的
the
shop
has
seen
an
increase
in
its
overall
sales
“店里总体销售额有所增长”即为本题答案
.C
项中的
on the rise
是原文
all inc
rease
的同义转换
.
选项意为“自
行车的销售在增加”，
跟原文意思一致
.
［点睛］
A
项“自行车销售未受影响”，其中的
unaffected
与原文的
an
increase“增长”
相矛盾
.B
项“该店把业务转向出租”.其中的
rentals“出租”在第
3
段第
l
句提到，但原
文明确指出租赁业务并非
Gotham
自行车店的主要业务
(not a big part of the busines
s).
因此该店不会把生意转向出租
.D
项“向游客出租更多的自行车”未出现在原文中
.
58.<
/p>
［
8
］
［定位］
根据题干中的
Prank’_Bike Shop
定位至第
3
段
.
［解析］
题目问的是为什么对
Frallk’s
自行车店而言，公共自行
车项目是个坏消息
.
题干
所述与第
3
段第
2
句的
the bike
—
share
program has been bad news
对应，紧跟着第
3
句指出，自上个月推出
Citi Bike
后，该店的出租业务下降了
90
％，而最后一句
指出业务
下降的原因，即曾经是该店的主要客源的欧洲游客都被
Citi Bike
抢走了
(main rental
customers…have since been drawn away by
Citi Bikes).B
项“顾客被
Citi
Bikes
抢走
了”与该句意思一致
.
［点睛］
A
项“无法满足公共自行车项
目的需求”，
Flank's
自行车店与公共自行车项目原
则上是竞争的关系而非供需关系
.C
项“不
得不一再降低自行车售价”，原文中并未提及自
行车的售价
.D
项“必须与市内其他自行车出租店竞争”.原文提到抢走了
Pr
ank’s
自行车
店顾客的是
Citi
Bike
，而没有提到该店与纽约市内其他店的竞争关系，
D<
/p>
项无中生有
.
59.[A
］
［定位］根据题干中的
Andrew Crook
s
定位至第
6
段
.
［解析］题目询问为什么
Andrew Crooks<
/p>
认为公共自行车项目很难执行
.
题干所述
与第
6
段
第
2
句对应，其中的
execute
与原文
的
implement
同义，都是“实施，执行”的意思
.
第
6
段第
3
句解释了原因：其一，没经验的骑行者对骑车规则认识不够
(1ack of awareness of
biking
rules)
；
其
二<
/p>
，
非
骑
车
人
的
强
烈
反
对
(strong
negative
reaction
from
non-cyclists).A
< br>项“缺乏经验的骑手可能会违反骑行规则”是原文中列举的第一个原因
.
为正确答案
.
［点睛］
8
项“自行车出租店之间可能发生冲突”、
C
项“市中心的交通状况可能变得更
差”、
D
项“没有足够的自行车道供自行车出行”都不属于文章中提到的两点原因，都只是
< br>根据常识制造的干扰
.
60.
［
D
］
［定位］全文转折对比处
.
［解析］题目询问当地自行车店对
Citi Bike
的普遍态度
.
文中提到了不同的自行车店及其<
/p>
发言人的态度，
其态度往往体现在原文的转折对比处
.
第
2
段的
Gotham
Bikes
销量增长
(all
increase in its overal
sales)
，
Citi
Bike
对其有利，此外
Danny’s Cycles
的詹姆士
也认为公共自行车项目不错
(a
good
option)
；
第
4
段提到
Gotha
m
自行车店的
Ben
认为
Citi
Bike
实际上能让更多人购买自行车，
故他的态度是支持的
.
第
3
段提到
Frank’s
Bike
Shop
的租赁业务受打击较大，故其态度应该是反对的
.
第
5
段及第
7
段末的
happy to
see
和
a
positive
step
表明两家店的店主都是支持
Citi Bike
的
.
纵观以上观点，大部分当地自行
车店都是持支持态度的
(4 vs.1)
，故答
案为
D
项“赞同，认可”.
［点睛］
A
项“观望的”、
B
项“否定的”和
C
项“漠不关心
的”都表消极否定，与原文对
比转折处所暗含的肯定态度相违背
.
难句归纳
Yorkers
are gradually getting used to more pedaling
passengers oil those
shining blue Citi
Bikes.
(
第
l
段第
l
句
)
【分析】本句是简单句，句子的主干是：
New
Yorkers
are
getting
used
to
more
pedaling
pas
sengers
，
表示纽约人逐渐习惯越来越多的人骑自行车<
/p>
.
介词结构
0il
those
shining
blue
Citi
Bikes
是修饰
pedaling
passengers
的后置定语，
说
明这些人骑的都是崭新的蓝色“城
市自行车”.
Ryan
，an employee at Danny’S
Cycles in Gramercy also said Citi Bike is a
good
option
for
people
to
ease
into
biking
in
a
city
famed
for
its
traffic
jams
and
aggressive drivers.(
第
2
段第
3
句
< br>)
【分析】本句的宾语由省略了引导词
that
的从句充当.an
employee
at
Danny’S
Cycles
in
Gramercy
是插入语，作同位语修饰句子主语
.James Ryan
，表明其身份
.
宾语从句中，主干
是
Citi
Bike
is
a
good
option
，后面跟的
for
sb
to
do
sth.
结构补充说明
a
good
option
；
介词结构
in
a
ci
ty
是地点状语，
过去分词短语
fam
ed
for
its
traffic
jams
and
aggressive
drivers
是修饰
city
的后置定语，说明该城市以什么出名
.
it’s
possible
bike
-share
will
cause
a
drop
in
allowed
that
the idea is a positive
step forward for New York
City.(
最后一段
)
【分析】句
首的
While“尽管”引导让步状语从句，其中
it
是形式主语，真实主语是从句
bike
—
share will cause a drop in business.
主句的宾语由
that
引导的从句
< br>the idea is
a positive step forward
for New York city
充当
.
< br>具体说明
Crooks
认同的内容，即这个
构想是纽约城市发展积极的一步
.
Passage
Two
61.
【
< br>C
】
【定位】根据题干中的
va
rious studies
定位至第
l
段
.
【解析】本题询问从关于美国公立教育的大量研究中，
我们可以得知什么
.
文章首句的
Var
ious studies have shown
后面所跟的宾语从句就是答案：教育
投入的增加并未促使教
育有显著改善
(not
led
to
measurable
improvements
in
learning).C
项中的
has
resulted
from“由……产生”替换了原文中的
has led
to
“导致”
，区别在于
lead t
o
后面是结果；
选项中的
little
improvements
和原文中的
not.
一
measurable improvements
属同义转换
.
所以正确答案是
C“花费
增加并未促使教育得到大改善”.
【点睛】文中第
1
段最后一句话有谈到
achievement
tests
，提及“学生并未在能力考试中
展现出学识有所增长”.这是为了说明“教育没有得到改善”，即教学质量不高，由此可看
< br>出能力测试一定程度上反映了教学质量
.
故排除
A“能力测试未能真实地反映教学质量”
.
第<
/p>
4
段提到了公立学校和私立学校之争，
但
未明确指出公立学校是因为资源短缺而流失优等
生，且该内容也不属于
< br>various studies
的研究结果，B“公立学校因资源短缺无法与私
立
学校竞争”不对
.
第
l
段第
2
句提到美国公立学校
教职工数量的增长速度约是学生的两倍
(staff and
teachers…grow…
twice as far as students)
，D“学生人数的增长速度远高
于老师的增长速度”与原文的结
论相反
62.
【
B
】
【定位】根据题干中的
dec
line in public education
定位至第
4
段
.
【解析】题目问一些人认为公
立教育衰落的原因是什么
.
第
4
段中的
attributed…t
o
…意
为……把……归因于……”，表原因，
t0
后的内容就是答案，原因是高素质生源流失到了
私立学校
(the drain of skilled
students
by private schools)
，B“高素质的学生都去
了私立学校”与原文一致
.
【点睛】最后一段首句提到了
政府开始控制工资，阻碍调整，并在晋升方面引入官僚标准
.
但
没有提到
A
项所说的
Governme
nt
investment“政府投资”，故“政府投资不能满足学校
的需求”无法推断
.
虽然
C“
合格的老师们拿不到合理的工资”与第
6
段末句的“高素质的<
/p>
女老师接受较低的工资”(accepted relatively low pay)
相符，但该内容并非题干所问，
属于答非所问.D“忽视了学生的基本技能的训练”，<
/p>
虽然文中有几处提到大学毕业生的基本
功不足
(
如：第
3
段末提到最基本的写作
技巧都没掌握；全文最后一句提到数学和阅读能力
不如国外的同龄学生和以前的学生
)
，但这并非由于教育系统有意忽略这方面，且这也只是
教育质量下降的具体体现，并非原因
.
63.<
/p>
【
C
】
【定位】
根据题干中的
significant
contributor
和
past
glory
of
public <
/p>
schools
定位至第
6
段
.
【解析】
本题问公立
学校过去成功的重要原因是什么
.
题干中的
a
significant
contributor<
/p>
与第
6
段第
l<
/p>
句中的
a
prominent
reason
为同义转换
.
< br>原文该句提到，公立学校曾经很成功
(did well)
的首要原因是
.
当时许多高素质的女性
(highly qualified women)
除了当老师或
< br>者护士之外，
没有其他职业可以从事
.
< br>而第
7
段也重申了这些有才干的女教
(talented
women
teachers)<
/p>
的重要性，C“有才干的女教师”复现了这一内容
.
为正确答案
.
【点睛】A“行为良好的学生”，第
5
段第
3
句提
到表现不佳的学生会被公立学校开除，这
说明当时公立学校的教学要求高、质量好，是公
立学校辉煌过去的具体体现，而非原因
.
最
后一段虽然暗示了现在公立学校的官僚管理制度无效，
但并未明确指出过去的管理制
度就是
高效的，
故
B“有效的管理”无
法推断.D“教师的高薪水”与第
6
段最后一句提到的女教师<
/p>
工资不高
(relatively low
pay)
相矛盾
.
64.
【
A
】
【定位】根据题于
中的
best women teachers leave teachin9
定位至第
7
段第
2<
/p>
句
.
【解析】题目问为什么一些优秀的
女教师要放弃教书
.
第
7
段第
2
句的大意是妇女解放运动
为这些女性开辟了新的职业领域
(opened
up
new
professional
opportunities
for
women)
，
一些优秀的女教师因为有了更好的选择，就放
弃了教书
.A
项“妇女解放运动给她们带来了
< br>新的职业机会”符合原文
.
其中的
New career
opportunities
是原文
new
professional
opportunities
的同
义表达；
made
available
同义替换了
opened up
，都是“开辟了新的职
业领域”的意思
.
【点睛】B“更高的学术要求使她们想保住这份工作变得很难”，学术要求并未出现在文章
中.C“她们不满学校里的官僚化管理”
，最后一段出现了官僚机构
，而且谈及了官僚机构管
理对教学工作产生的负面影响
.
但是这些均不是优秀女教师离职的原因.D“过重的教学负担
使她们没
有时间和精力过家庭生活”，教学负担和家庭生活的关系不在本文讨论的范围里
.
65.
【
D
】
【定位】根据题干中的
government
involvement in
education
定位至最后一段
.
【解析】题目问作者认为政府参与教育所导致的结果是什么
.
题干所说的
government
involvement
in education
指代最后一段前两句提到的内容，包括引入官僚晋升标准、支
配整个教育系统等
.
第
3
句讲述了一些具体的措施：定期修改课表、吹嘘荒谬的教育理论、
要求不断增加管理人员(require
ever
more
administrators).D“不断增长的
管理人员”是
原文中要求增加管理人员的必然结果，所以为正确答案
.
【点睛】A“越来越重视教育理论”，最后一段第
3<
/p>
句提到了教育理论，指出这些官员不懂
教育理论却还对此胡说八道
，
但这并非说明他们重视教育理论，
只是不懂装懂的官僚作风的
体现
.
B“高度标准化的教学方法”，
文章没有涉及教学方法
.
全文最后一句
提到学生的表现，
说他们明显不如国外同龄学生，也比不上以前的学生，故
C“学生成绩进步”与原文相反
.
难句归纳
simplistically attribute the decline in our public
education system to the
drain of
skilled students
by private
schools
，
but far more
significant events were at work.(
第
62
题解题句
)
【分析
】
本句是
but
连接的并列句
.
第一个分句的主干是：
Some…attri
bute
the
decline…to
the drain
，意为“有些人把衰落的原因归结为流失”
.simp
listically
是副词，在这里作
状语表程度；谓语部分的
attribute A to B
意为“把
B
归咎为
A
的原因”；
in our public
education
system
作后置定语修饰
the
decline.
表明是哪方面的衰落；
of
skilled
students
是
the
drain
的后置定语，说明流失的主体是优秀学生：
by
private schools
说明这些学
生的去向
.
第二个分句中，主语是
more
significant events“更重要的事件”：
at work
作表语，表示“起作用”
；这个分句表示衰落的原因远远不止优秀生源的流
失
.
2.A prominent reason
public schools did well was that many highly
qualified women
had
few
options
for
working
outside
the
house
other
than
being
teachers
or
nurse
s.(
第
63
题解题句
)
【分析】本句的主句是主系表结构：A…reason…was
that….主语
A prominent
reason
后
的
public
schools did well
为省略引导词的定语从句；主句的表语由
that
引导的从句充
当
.
该表语从句的主干是
many
highly qualified women had few
options“许多高素质的
女性别无选择”.other
than
表示“除了”.
’S
liberation
opened
up
new
professional
opportunities
for
women
and
，
over
time
，
some of the
best left teaching as a career
option
，
bringing about a
gradual
decline in the quality of schoo
ling.(
第
64
题解题句
)
【分析】本句是
and
连接的并列句，主干是：liberation
opened
< br>up…opport
un
ities…and
some…left
teaching“解放运动创造了机会
并且一些人放弃了教书”.第二个分句中，
over
time
作插入语
.
表示“随着时间的推移”<
/p>
；现在分词短语
bringing
about…作结果状语，表
示离职产生的后果
.
end result has been
that
，
after all the
spending
，
students have worse
math
and reading skills than both their
foreign peers and earlier generations spending
far less on education--as all the
accumulating evidence now documents.(
全文
最后
一句
)
【分析】本句为主从复合
句，主句的表语由
that
引导的从句充当
.
该表语从句的主干为
students have
worse math and reading
skills
；从句中的
after all the spe
nding
为时
间状语；从句主干后有
than
引导的比较状语，将学生的数学和阅读能力与外国学生和以前
< br>的学生相比；
spending far less on
education
是修饰
earlier generati
ons
的后置定语，
说明以前在教育投入并不多
.
破折号后为
as
引导的定语
从句，修饰的内容是整个表语从句；
注意句末的
documen
ts
为动词，作定语从句的谓语，意为“用文件证明，证实”.
答案速查
36.N37.O38.I
39.K40.J41.M42.H43.L44.C45.B46.F47.I48.D49.O50.K51
.B52.H53.C54.L55.
G 56.B57.C58.B59.A60.D
61.C62.B63.C64.A65.D
PartⅣ
Translation
词汇难点
互联网社区：
Internet community
增长
(v.)
：
gro
w
；
increase
；
be
on the
rise
日渐流行：
growing popularity<
/p>
重大的：
great
；
< br>significant
；
profound
往往不同于：
be generally
different
from
；
usually differ
from
受……驱使：
be driven
by
；
be motivated
by
买
卖商品：
buy and
sell goods
；
trade
goods
规划旅程：
plan trips
< br>／
tours
；
make
travel
plans
付款：
pa
y
；
make
payments
社交原因：
social reason
／
purpose
广泛地：
widely
；
broadly
论坛：
forum
博客：
blog<
/p>
聊天室：
chat room
表达难点
1.
第
l
句中的“发展最快的”可译成
d
evelop fastest
，副词最高级
fastest<
/p>
放在动词
develop
后面
.
也可适当变换，译为
develop at
the
fastest
speed.”发展最快的”还可以
译为
enjoy the
fastest growth
，把“发展”转译成名词
gro
wth.
用形容词最高级
fastest
修饰
.
这个译法比较贴近英文表达，更加地道.“全世界”可
译为
around the
world.
也可译
成
in the
world.
2.
第
5
句“美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、
< br>做研究、
规划旅程或付款”包含两个分句，
前一分句是后
一分句的原因，
可译成带原因状语
从旬的主从复合句，译作
Because
American
neti
zens
are
more
driven
by…，
they
use
the
Intenet as
a
tool to….由于两个分句共用主语，故可用过去分词
.
短语作原因状语，代替
原因状语从句，使句子更加精简，即可译为
More
driven
by…，
American
netizens
use
the
Internet as a tool
to
….这个译法也更能突出句子主干“用互联网……付款”
.
3.
最后一句“中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，
因而更广泛地使用论坛、
博客、
聊
天室等”也包含两个分句，且内容均较长，故可考虑将第二个分句译成独立的句子
.
该句子
可译为被动句
The
refore
，
forums
，
blogs
and
chat
rooms
and
so
on
are
more
widely
used.
如果译成主
动句，
则前一句
American
netizens
use
the
Inten
et…和本句
Chines
e
netizens
，
in
most cases
，
nlake use of the
Inten
et…句式重复，过于单调，而用被动语态则可使
句
型更富于变化
.
参考译文
The
Internet
community
in
China
enjoys
the
fastest
growth
around
the
world.
There
were about 420 million
netizens across China in 2010 and the number is
still
increasing
rapidly.
The
growing
popularity
of
the
Internet
has
brought
about
great
social
changes.
Internet
users
in
China
are
generally
different
from
those
of
America
More
driven
by
practical
needs,
American
netizens
use
the
Internet
as
a
tool
to
send
e-mails,
buy and sell goods, do research, plan tours or
make payments. Chinese
netizens,
however,in most cases, make use of the Internet
for social reasons.
Therefore, forums,
blogs and chat rooms and so on are more widely
used.
答案速查
1.C2.D3.B
4.A5.D6.B7.D
0.C
9.D20.B
21.A22.D23.C24.A25.B
ng
ison
a result
of
e
for
32.1et
alone
ties
ent
ring
2015
年
6
月大学英语四级真题及答案
Part 1 Writing
(30 minutes)
(
请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试
)
Directions: For this part, you are
allowed 30 minutes to write an essay
based on the picture below. You should
start your essay with a brief
description of the picture and them
comment on this kind of modern life.
You should write at least 120 words but
no more than 180 words.
THIS MODERN LIFE:
WORK HOME PLAY
SLEEP
请用黑色签字笔在答题卡
1
指定区域作答作文题，在试题册
上的作答无
效。
Part II Listening Comprehension
(30minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this
section, you will bear 8 short conversations and 2
long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, one or more questions
will be asked about what was said. Both
the conversation and the questions
will
be spoken only once. After each questions there
will be a pause. During
the pause, you
must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and
D), and
decide which is the best
answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer sheet 1 with a single line
through the center.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
1
上作答
1. A) He
is pleased to sit on the committee C) He will tell
the woman his
decision later
B) He is
willing to offer the woman a hand D) He would like
to become
a club member
2. A) Their planned trip to
Vancouver is obviously overpriced
B) They should borrow a
guide book instead of buying one
C ) The guide books in the
library have the latest information
D) The library can help
order guide books about Vancouver
3. A) He regrets having
taken the history course
B) He finds little interests in history
books
C) He has
trouble finishing his reading assignments
D) He has
difficulty in writing the weekly book report
4. A) The man
had better choose another restaurant
B) The new restaurant is a
perfect place for dating
C) The new restaurant caught her fancy
immediately
D)
The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant
5. A) He has
been looking forward to sping C)
He will clean the
woman’s
boots for spring
C) He has been waiting for
the winter sale D) He will help the woman
put things away
6. A) At a tailor’s C) In a cloth
store
B) At Bob’s home D) In a
theatre
7. A) His guests favors Tibetan drinks
C) Mineral water is good for
health
B) His water is
quite extraordinary D) Plain water will serve the
purpose
8. A)
Report the result of a discussion C) Submit an
important
documentation
B) Raise some environmental
issues D) Revise an environmental
report
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the
conversation you just heard
9. A) They pollute the soil
used to cover them
B) They are harmful to nearby
neighborhoods
C) The rubbish in them takes long to
dissolve
D) The
gas they emit is extremely poisonous
10. A) Growing populations
C) Changed eating habits
B) Packaging materials D) Lower
production cost
11. A) By saving energy C) By reducing
poisonous wastes
B) By using less aluminum D) By making
the most of materials
12. A) We are running out of natural
resources soon
B) Only combined efforts can make a
difference
C)
The waste problem will eventually hurt all of us
D) All of us
can actually benefit from recycling
Questions 13 to 15 are
based on the conversation you have just heard.
13. A) Miami C)
Bellingham
B)
Vancouver D) Boston
14. A) To get information on one-way
tickets to Canada
B) To inquire about the price of “Super
saver ” seats
C) To get advice on how to fly as
cheaply as possible
D) To inquire about the shortest route
to drive home
15. A) Join a tourist group C) Avoid
trips in public holidays
B) Choose a major airline D) Book
tickets as early as possible
Section B
Directions: In
this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At
the end of
each passage, you will hear
some questions. Both the passage and the
questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question, you must
choose the best answer from the four
choices marketed A), B),C) and D).
Then
marked the correspond letter on Answer sheet I
with a single line
through the centre.
注意：
此部分试题请在答题卡
1
上作答。
Passage one
Questions 16 to 18 are
based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) There
are mysterious stories behind his works
B) There are
many misunderstandings about him
C) His works have no match
worldwide
d)
His personal history is little known
17. A) He moved to
Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood
B) He failed to go beyond
grammar school
C) He was a member of the town council
D) He once
worked in a well-know acting company
18. A) Writers of his time
had no means to protect their works
B) Possible sources of
clues about him were lost in a fire
C) His works were adapted
beyond recognition
D) People of his time had little
interest in him
Passage Two
Questions 19-21 are based
on the passage you have just heard
19. A) It shows you have
been ignoring your health
B) It can seriously affect your
thinking process
C) It is an early warning of some
illness
D) It
is a symptom of two much pressure
20. A) Reduce our workload
C) Use painkillers for relief
B) Control our temper D)
Avoid masking symptom
21. A) Lying down and having some sleep
C) Going out for a walk
B) Rubbing and pressing one’s back D)
Listening to light music
Passage Three
Questions 22 to
25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A)
Depending heavily on loans C). Spending beyond
one’s means
B) Having no budget plans at all D).
Leaving no room for large bills
23. A) Many of them can be
cut C) Their payment cannot be delayed
B) All of them have to be
covered D) They eat up most of the family
income
24. A) Rent a house instead of buying
one C) Make a conversation
plan
B) Discuss the
problem in the family D) Move to a cheaper place
25. A)
Financial issues plaguing a family C) Family
budget problems
and solutions
B) Difficulty
in making both ends meet D) New ways to boost
family
income
Section C
Directions: in this
section,you will hear a paasage three times. When
the passage is read for the first time,
you should listen carefully for its
general idea. When the passage is read
for the second time, you are
required
to fill in the blanks with the exact words you
have just heard.
Finally, when the
passage is reaf for the third time, you should
check what
you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
1
上作答。
Perhaps because going to
college is so much a part of the American
dream, many people go for
no(26)_____reason. Some go because their
parents ecpect it, others because it’s
what their friends are ,
there’s the
belief that a college degree
will(27)_
___ensure a good job and
high pay.
Some students (28)____ through for
years ,attending classes, or
skipping(
逃课
) them
as the case may be, reading only what can’t be
avoided, looking for
less(29)_____courses,and never being touched or
changed in any important way. For a few
of these people, college provides
no(30)____
，
yet
because of parental or peer pressure, they cannot
voluntarily leave. They stop trying in
the hope that their teachers will make
the decision for them by(31)____ them.
To put it blunt
ly(
直截了当地
)
，
unless you’re willing to make your college
years count, you might be(32)_____
doing something else. Not everyone
should attend college, nor should
everyone who does attend begin right
after high school. Many college
students(33)_____ taking a year or so off. A
year out in the world helps some people
to(34)_____their priorities and
goals.
If you’re really going to get something out of
going to college, you
have to make it
mean something, and to do that you must have some
idea
why you’re there, what
you
hope to get out of it, and
(35)_____even what
you hope to become.
Part III Reading Comprehension
(40minutes)
Section A
Direction: In this section,
there is a passage with ten blanks. You are
required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a
word bank follwing the passage. Read
the passage through carefully before
making choices. Each choie in the bank
is identificated by a letter. Please
mark the corresponding letter for each
item on Answere Sheet2 with a
single
line through the centre. You may not use any of
the words in the
bank more than once.
Question 36 to
45 are based on the following passage.
It’s our guilty
pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday
activity,after work and sleep, in many
parts of the world. Americans view
five
hours of TV each day, and while we know that
spending so much time
sitting ___36___
can lead to obesity(
肥胖症
) and
other diseases,
researchers have now
quantified just how___37___being a couch potato
can be.
In an analysis of data from eight large
___38___published studies, a
Harvard-
led group reported in the Journal of the American
Medical
Association that for every two
hours per day spent channel ___39___,the
risk of developing Type 2
diabetes(
糖尿病
)rose 20% over
8.5 years, the risk
of heart disease
increased 15% over a ___40___, and the odds of
dying
permaturely___41___ 13% during a
seven-year follow-up .All of
these___42____are linked to a lack of
physical exercise. But compared
with
other
sedentary(
久坐的
)activities,
like knitting ,viewing TV may be
especially__43___at promoting unhealthy
habits. For one, the sheer
number of
hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend
on
anything else. And other studies
have found that watching ads for beer and
popcorn may make you more likely to
___44___them.
Even so, the authors admit that they
didn’t compare different sedentary
activities to ___45___whether TV
watching was linked to a greater risk of
diabetes,heart disease or clearly death
compared with, say, reading.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
A)climbed I)previously
B)conseme J)resume
C)decade
K)suffered
D)determine L)suffering
E)effectIve M)term
F)harmful
N)terminals
G)outcomes O)twisting
H)passively
Section
B
Directions: In this section,you are
going to read a passage with ten
statements attavched to it. Each
statement contains information given in
one of the paragraphs. Identify the
paragraph from which the information is
derived. You may choose a paragraph
more than once. Each paragraph is
marked with a letter. Answer the
question by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2
Essay -granding Software
Officers Professors a Break
[A] Imagine taking a
college exam, and instead of handing in a blue
book and getting a grade from a
professoer a few weeks later, clicking the
“send” button when you are done and
receiving a grade back instantly, your
essay scored by a software program. And
then, instead of being done with
the
exam, imagine that the system would immediately
let you rewrite the
test to try to
improve your grade.
[B] Edx,the nonprofit enterprise
founded by Harvard and the
Massachusetts Institute of
Thnology(MIT) to offer courses on the
Internet ,has just introduced such a
system and will make its automated(
自
动的
)software available free on
the Web to any institutioons that wants to
use it. The software uses artificial
intelligence to grade student essays and
short written answers, freeing
professors for other tasks.
[C] The new service will
bring the educational
consortium(
联盟
)into a
growing conflict over the role of the
automation education. Altough
automated
grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false
tests are now
widespread, the use of
artificial intelligence technology to grade essay
answers has not yet provided widespread
acceptance by educations and
has many
critics.
[D]
Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is
president of Edx,
predicted that the
instant grading software would be a useful
teaching
tool,enabling students to take
tests and write essays over and over and
improve the quality of their answers .
He said the technology would offer
distinct advantages over the
traditional classroom system, where students
often wait days or weeks for
grades.“Thers is a huge value in learning with
instant feedback,” l said, “Students
are telling
us they learn much
better with instant
feedback.”
[E] But
skeptics(
怀疑者
)say the
automated system is no matter for live
teachers. One longtime critic, Les
Perelman
，
has drawn national
attention
several times for putting
together nonsense essays that have fooled
software grading programs into giving
high marks. He has also been highly
critical of studies claiming that the
software compares well to human
grades.
[F] He is among
a group of educators who last month began
circulating
a
petition(
呼吁
) opposing
automated assessment software. The group,
which calls itself Professionals
Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays
in High-Stakes Assessment, has
collected nearly 2,000 signatures,
including some from famous people like
Noam Chomsky.
[G] “Let’s face the realities of
automatic essay scoring,” the group’s
statement reads in part. “Computers
cannot ‘read’. They cannot measure
the
essentials of effective written communication:
accuracy, reasoning,
adequacy of
evidence, good sense, ethical
(
伦理
)position, convincing
argument, meaningful organization, and
clarity, among others.”
[H] But EdX experts its
software to be widely by schools and
universities. It offers free online
classes from Harvard, MIT and the
University of California-Berkeley; this
fall, it will add classes from Wellesley,
Geogetown and the University of Texas.
In all, 12 universities participate in
EdX, which offers certificates for
course completion and has said that it
plans to continue to expand next year,
including adding international
schools.
[I] The EdX
assessment tool requires human teachers, or
graders 100
essay or essay questions.
The system then uses a variety of
machine-learning techniques to train
itself to be able to grade any number
of essays or answers automatically and
almost instantly. The software will
assign a grade depending on the scoring
system created by the teacher,
whether
it is a letter grade or numerical
(
数字的
) rank.
[J] Edx is not the first to
use the automated assessment technology,
which dates to early computers in the
1960s. there is now a range of
companies offering commercial programs
to grade written test answers,
and four
states
—
Louisiana, North
Dakota, Utah and West Virginia
—
are
using some
form of the technology in second schools. A fifth,
Indiana, has
expe
rimented
with it. In some cases the software is used as a
“second
reader”, to check the
reliability of the human graders.
[K] But the
growing influence of the Edx consortium to set
standards is
likely to give the
technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced
that
it would work with EdX to develop
a joint educational system that will make
use of the automated assessment
technology.
[L]
Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently
founded by
Stanford
faculty
members to create “massive open online courses,”
or
MOOCs, are also committed to
automated assessment systems because of
the value of instant feedback. “it
allows students to get immediate feedback
on their work, so that learning turns
into a game, with students naturally
gravitating (
吸引
)
to war
d resubmitting the work until
they get it right, ” said
Daphne
Koller, a computer scientist and a founder of
Coursera.
[M]
Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making
organization set
up by one of the
Hewlett-Packard founders and his wife, sponsored
two
$$100,000 Prizes aimed at improving
software that grades essay and short
answers. More than 150 teams entered
each category. A winner of one of
the
Hewlett contents, Vik Paruchurt was hired by EdX
to help design its
assessment software.
[N] “One of our
focus is to help kids learn how to think
critically,” said
Vuchic, a program
officer at the Hewlett Foundation. “It’s probably
impossible to do that with
multiple-
choice tests”. The challenge
is that this
requires human graders,
and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot of
more time.
[O] Mark s, a professor at the
University of Akron in Ohio,
supervised
the Hewlett Foundation’s contest on automated
essay scoring
and wrote a paper about
the experiment. In his view, the technology
—
though
imperfect
—
has a place in
educational settings.
[P] With increasing large class, it is
impossible for most teachers to
give
students meaningful feedback on writing
assignments, he said Plus,
he noted,
critics of the technology have tended to come from
t
he nation’s
best
universities, where the level of teaching is much
better than at most
schools.
[Q] “Often they
come from very famous institutions where, in fact,
they
do a much better job of providing
feedback than a machine over could,” Dr.
Shermis sai
d. “There seems
to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually
going on in the real world.”
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
46 Some professors in
education are collecting signatures to voice
their opposition to automated essay
grading.
47
using software to grad
e students’ essay
saves teachers time for
other work.
48 the Hewlett
contests aim at improving essay grading software.
49 Though the
automated grading system is widely used in
multiple-choice tests, automated essay
grading is still criticized by many
educators.
50 Some people don’t believe the
software grading system can do as
good
a job as human graders.
51 Critics of automated essay scoring
do not seem to know the true
realities
in leses famous university.
52 Critics argue many
important aspects of effective writing cannot
measured by computer rating programs.
53 As class
size grows, most teachers are unable to give
student
valuable comments as to how to
improve their writing.
54 The automated assessment technology
is sometimes used to
double check the
work of human graders.
55 Students find instant feedback helps
their learning considerably.
Section
C
Directions: There are 2 passages in
this section. Each passage is
followed
by some questions or unfinished statements. For
each of them
there are four choices
marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single
line through the center.
Passage One
Question 56 to 60 are based on the
following passage.
Across the rich world, well-educated
people increasingly work longer
than
the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged
62-74 with a
professional degree are in
the workforce, compared with 32% of men with
only a high-school certificate. This
gap is part of a deepening divide
between the well-education well off and
the unskilled poor. Rapid
technological
advance has raised the incomes of the highly
skilled while
squeezing those of the
unskilled. The consequences, for individual and
society, are profound.
The world is facing as
astonishing rise in the number of old people, and
they will live longer than ever before.
Over the next 20 years the global
population of those aged 65 or more
will almost double, from 600 million to
1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th
century, when greater longevity
(
长
寿
)translated
into more years in retirement rather than more
years at work,
has persuaded many
observers that this shift will lead to slower
economic
growth, while the swelling
ranks of pensioners will create government
budget problems.
But the notion of a sharp
division between the working young and the
idle old misses a new trend, the
growing gap between the skilled and the
unskilled. Employment rates are falling
among younger unskilled people,
whereas
older skilled folk are working longer. The divide
is most extreme in
America, where well-
educated baby-boomers
(
二战后生育高峰期出生的美
国人
)
are putting off retirement while many less-skilled
younger people
have dropped out of the
workforce.
That
even the better-off must work longer to have a
comfortable
retirement. But the
changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay
has
risen sharply for the highly
educated, and those people continue to reap
rich rewards into old age because these
days the educated elderly are
more
productive than the preceding generation.
Technological change may
well reinforce
that shift: the skills that complement computers,
from
management knowhow to creativity.
Do not necessarily decline with age.
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