2016年6月大学英语四级真题及解析完整版

2016

年

6

月大

学

英

语

四

级真题

及解析完整版

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one

word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the

passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a

letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line

through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Physical activity does the body good, and there

?

s growing evidence that it helps the brain too.

Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or

on their own,

26

to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a

27

of

14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic

28

, investigators found that the more

children moved, the better their grades were in school,

29

in the basic subjects of math,

English and reading.

The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes

should be cut as schools struggle to

30

on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical

education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With

standardized test scores in the U.S.

31

in recent years, some administrators believe

students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these

findings show, exercise and academics may not be

32

exclusive. Physical activity can

improve blood

33

to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are

34

to

learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve

35

and relieve stress, which can

also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they

?

re

running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.

注意

：< /p>

此部分

试题请

在答

题

卡

2

上作答

。

A)attendance

B)consequently

C)current

D)depressing

E)dropping

F)essential

G)feasible

H)flow

I)mood

J)mutually

K)particularly

L)performance

M)review

N)survive

O)tend

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it.

Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from

which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is

marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

2.

Finding the Right Home

—

and Contentment,Too

[A]When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility

—

a moment

few parents or children approach without fear

—

what you would like is to have everything made

clear.

[B]Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the

industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that

an out-moded stereotype (

固定看法

)? Can doing one

?

s homework really steer families to the best

places? It is genuinely hard to know.

[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an

older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult

children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference

to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily

add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record.

But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder

care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.

[D]The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology,

surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care

homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from

the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about

their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the

facilities.

[E]

“

We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,

”

said the lead author

of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable

assumption

—

don

?

t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can

?

t?

[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were

less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less

likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.

[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences

disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents

?

responses.

“

It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their

own personal characteristics

—

how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,

”

Dr.

Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had

lived there also proved significant.

[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less

depressed in assisted living(even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who

bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing

home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between

the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences.

“

You can

?

t just say,

?

Let

?

s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home

—

she will be much better off,

”

Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added,

“

is a combination of

what people bring in with them, and what they find there.

”

[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state

study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of

variables

—

the facility

?

s type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the

neighborhood was

—

had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness,

mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents

?

physical

health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence

than what happened one they were there.

[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my

desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families

compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their

family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the

one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star

ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)

[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out

—

how are we supposed to find our way in a

landscape this confusing?

—

here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(

老年病

学专

家

)at the University of North Carolina

：“

In a way, that could be liberating for families.

”

[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and

residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don

?

t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees.

“

Families

can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy

，”

Dr. Sloane said. And

involving the future resident in the process can be very important.

[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their

ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home

near my town. I have seen this place

—

it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the

daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced

them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.

[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her

into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might

have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.

36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their

parents.