2016年6月英语四级阅读真题答案 第1套

2016

年

6

月英语四 级阅读真题答案

第

1

套

选词填空

选词填空

Physical

activity

does

the

body

good,

and

there

’

s

growing

evidence

that

it

helps

the

brain

too.

Researchers

in

the

Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, __26__ to have higher GPAs and

better

scores

on

standardized

tests.

In

a

__27__

of

14

studies

that

looked

at

physical

activity

and

academic

__28__

,

investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, __29__ in the basic subjects of math,

English and reading.

The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle

to __30__ on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking

away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. __31__ in recent years, some administrators believe students

need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics

may not be __32__ exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood __33__ to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity,

which are __34__ to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve __35__ and relieve stress, which can also

help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they

’

re running around, they may actually

be exercising their brains as well.

A)attendance

B)consequently

C)current

D)depressing

E)dropping

F)essential

G)feasible

H)flow

I)mood

J)mutually

K)particularly

L)performance

M)review

N)survive

O)tend

段落匹配

Finding the Right Home

—

and Contentment, Too

[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility

—

a moment few parents or children

approach without fear

—

what you would like is to have everything made clear.

[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better

interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (

固定看法

)? Can doing one

’

s

homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.

[C]

I

am

about

to

make

things

more

complicated by

suggesting

that

what

kind

of

facility

an

older

person

lives

in

may

matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not

necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of

care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an

accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real

bearing on how well residents do.

[D]The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents

of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult

care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions

about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.

[E] We thought we would see differences based on the housing types, said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an

associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption

—

don

’

t families struggle to avoid nursing homes

and suffer real guilt if they can

’

t?

[F]

In

the

initial

results,

assisted

living

residents

did

paint

the

most

positive

picture.

They

were

less

likely

to

report

symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher

on social interaction.

[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing

type, they found, that creates differences in residents

’

responses. It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are

in, combined with their own personal characteristics

—

how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status, Dr. Robison

explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.

[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living

(even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had

time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an

interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. You

can

’t just say, ‘Let’

s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home

—

she will be much better off, Dr.

1

/

4

Robison said. What matters, she added, is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.

[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi- state study of assisted living, for

instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables

—

the facility

’

s type, size or age; whether a

chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was

—

had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of

illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents

‘

physical health and mental status.

What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.

[J] As

I was

considering all

this,

a

press release

from a

respected

research firm

crossed

my

desk,

announcing

that

the

five-star

rating

system

that

Medicare

developed

in

2008

to

help

families

compare

nursing

home

quality

also

has

little

relationship

to

how

satisfied

its

residents

or

their

family

members

are.

As

a

matter

of

fact,

consumers

expressed

higher

satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five- star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings

will appear in a subsequent post.)

[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out

—

how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?

—

here is

a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(

老年病学专家

)at the University of North Carolina

：

In a way, that could be

liberating for families.

[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families,

and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don

’

t have to turn themselves into private investigators or

Congressional subcommittees. Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy

，

Dr. Sloane said.

And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.

[M]

We

all

have

our

own

ideas

about

what

would

bring

our

parents

happiness.

They

have

their

ideas,

too.

A

friend

recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place

—

it is elegant,

inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody

introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.

[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming

facility.

Based

on

what

is

emerging

from

some

of

this

research,

that

might

have

been

as

rational

a

way

as

any

to

reach

a

decision.

36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.

it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove

very important.

is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.

a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.

author

thinks

her

friend

made

a

rational

decision

in

choosing

a

more

hospitable

place

over

an

apparently

elegant

assisted living home.

system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.

first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities

gave higher scores on social

interaction.

kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.

findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.

45.A resident

’

s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in

and how long they had stayed there.

仔细阅读

Passage one Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage

。

As Artificial Intelligence

（

AI

）

becomes increasingly sophisticated

，

there are growing concerns that robots could become

a threat

。

This danger can be avoided

，

according to computer science professor Stuart Russell

，

if we figure out how to turn

human values into a programmable code

。

Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks

，

it

’

s necessary to translate our morals into AI language

。

For example

，

if a robot does chores around the house

，

you wouldn

’

t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner

for the hungry children

。

You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values

，

said Russell

。

Some robots are already programmed with basic human values

。

For example

，

mobile robots have been programmed to

keep a comfortable distance from humans

。

Obviously there are cultural differences

，

but if you were talking to another person

and they came up close in your personal space

，

you wouldn

’

t think tha

’

s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would

do

。

2

/

4