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/p>
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Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the
following passage.
About six years ago I was eating lunch
in a restaurant in New York City when a
woman and a young boy sat down at the
next table, I couldn
’
t help
overhearing parts
of their
conversation. At one point the woman asked:
“
So, how have you
been?
”
And the
boy
—
who could not have been
more than seven or eight years
old
—
replied.
“
Frankly,
I
’
ve been feeling a little
depressed lately.
”
This
incident
stuck
in
my
mind
because
it
confirmed
my
growing
belief
that
children are changing.
As far as I can remember, my friends and I
didn
’
t find out we
were
“
depressed
”
until we were in
high school.
The
evidence
of
a
change
in
children
has
increased
steadily
in
recent
years.
Children don
’
t
seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like
adults, dress more
like adults and
behave more like adults than they used to.
Whether
this
is
good
or
bad
is
difficult
to
say,
but
it
certainly
is
different.
Childhood as it once was no longer
exists, Why?
Human development is based not only on
innate (
天生的
) biological
states, but
also
on
patterns
of
access
to
social
knowledge.
Movement
from
one
social
rote
to
another
usually involves learning the secrets of the new
status. Children have always
been
taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages:
traditionally, we tell sixth graders
things we keep hidden from fifth
graders.
In
the
last
30
years,
however,
a
secret-revelation
(
揭示
)
machine
has
been
installed in 98 percent of American
homes. It is
called television,
Television passes
information, and
indiscriminately (
不加区分地
), to
all viewers alike, be they children
or
adults.
Unable
to
resist
the
temptation,
many
children
turn
their
attention
from
printed texts to the
less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.
Communication
through
print,
as
a
matter
of
fact,
allows
for
a
great
deal
of
control
over
the
social
information
to
which
children
have
access.
Reading
and
writing
involve
a
complex
code
of
symbols
that
must
be
memorized
and
practices.
Children must
read simple books before they can read complex
materials.
31.
According to the author, feeling depressed is
________.
A) a
sure sign of a psychological problem in a child
B) something
hardly to be expected in a young child
C) an inevitable has of
children
’
s mental
development
D)
a mental scale present in all humans, including
children(B)
32.
Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about
the adult world ________.
A) through contact with society
B) gradually
and under guidance
C) naturally and by biological instinct
D) through
exposure to social information(B)
33. The phenomenon that
today
’
s children seem adult
like is attributed by the
author to
________.
免费？宅在家学英语？怎么报名？
A) the widespread influence of
television
B) the poor arrangement of
teaching content
C) the fast pace of
human intellectual development
D) the
constantly rising standard of living(A)
34. Why is the author in favor of
communication through print for children?
A) It enables children to gain more
social information.
B) It develops
children
’
s interest in
reading and writing.
C) It helps
children to memorize and practice more.
D) It can control what children are to
learn.(D)
35. What does the author
think of the change in
today
’
s children?
A) He feels amused by chair premature
behavior.
B) He thinks it is a
phenomenon worthy of note.
C) He
considers it a positive development.
D)
He seems to be upset about it.(B)
这篇材料讲
的是儿童早熟的问题。
开头首先讲述了一个作者亲历的故事，
作
为引出儿童早熟问题的契机——六年前我在餐厅里遇见一对母子并偷听了他们
的谈话
;
母亲问儿子过的怎么样，儿子回答说最近
有一点沮丧
(a
little
depressed
lately)
。
母子的对话深深印在作者的脑子里
，
因为它证实了作者的一个想法：
现
在
的孩子正在改变。是什么方面改变了
?
作者拿现在的孩子与小时
候的自己做了
对比：小时的我直到高中才知道沮丧是什么滋味
(
I
didn
’
t
find
out
we
were
“
depressed
”
until we were in
high school)
。
问题已经提出，
接下来作者就要证明
这个问题确实存在。
第三段举出了
很多现在儿童早熟的表现：<
/p>
Children speak more like adults, dress
more like adults
and behave more like
adults than they used to
。
儿童早熟的原因何在
?
从第四段开始，文章进入了考
(
< br>试大分析问题阶
段。第一句话就一针见血，指出问题的根源出在接触社会知识的途
径上
(patterns
of
access
to
social
knowledge)
。社会角色转变后通常要学习相应的新知
识
(Movement from one social rote to
another usually involves learning the secrets of
the
new status)
，大人们一直在教给孩子们这
样的知识，但要进度是缓慢的、按部就
班的
(slowly
and in stages)
。这里所说的社会角色转变也就是年龄增长的结果，比<
/p>
如上六年级和上五年级即是两种不同的社会角色。
第四段说的是孩子们过去吸收新知
识的情形，第五段则开始介绍现状。
还是从途径说起，
98%<
/p>
的美国家庭都已经安装了电视
(installed
in
98
percent
of
American
homes
)
，电视是一个传递信息的载体，传递对象不分成人与儿童，儿
童通过看电视过早地吸收了尚不适合他们的知识。
文章最后一段介绍了通过书本传授知识的好处，
这也算是作者提出的儿
童早熟问题的一个解决方案。
通过印刷品传授知识可以更容易地控制儿童接触到
的知识是适合他们的年龄层次的
(allows
for
a
great
deal
of
control
over
the
social
information to which
children have access)
，只要不让儿童在成长到一定程度之前<
/p>
接触较为复杂的知识就可以了
(Children
must
read
simple
books
before
they
can
read complex
materials)
。
31. According to the
author, feeling depressed is ________.
A) a sure sign of a
psychological problem in a child
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