-
（文学、艺术、音乐）
李仕才
导读
：
一位美国早期的作家曾经说过：
“美国人对音乐艺术几乎是相当无知。
”
你认可这种观点
吗？美国人究竟有哪些音乐爱好呢？
American Music Styles
James Fenimore Cooper, an early
American writer, once said,
almost
ignorant
of the art of
music.
Most
Americans--even
those
without
a
musical
bone
in
their
bodies--have
a
favorite
style
of music.
Many people enjoy classical
and folk music from
around the world.
But
other popular music
styles in America were
Country
and
western
music
lies
close
to
the
heart
of
many
Americans.
This
style
originated
among
country
folks
in
the
southern
and
western
United
States.
Country
music
tells
down-
to-earth
stories
about
love
and
life
?
s
hardships.
Guitars,
banjos
and
violins give country music its
characteristic sound. The home of country music is
Nashville,
Tennessee--Music City U.S.A.
Jazz music, developed by
African-Americans in the late 1800s, allows
performers to
freely express their
emotions and musical skill.
①
Instead of just playing the
melody, jazz
musicians
improvise
different tunes.
The peak of jazz music came in the 1920s. This
period
produced musicians like Louis
Armstrong, Benny Goodman and Duke Ellington.
Different
styles
of jazz
developed in different cities,
②
such as New Orleans,
Chicago, New York
and Kansas
City.
③
The 1950s
saw the development of an explosive new music
style: rock
?
n
?
roll. This
powerful
music
style
addresses
issues
like
love,
sex,
drugs,
politics
and
death.
Often
it
rebels against the
accepted values of society. Rock concerts,
featuring loud music and
sometimes
weird
stage
acts,
have
become
a
major
part
of
American
youth
culture.
Music
videos
on
television
have
spread
the
message
of
rock
to
the
far
corners
of
the
globe.
And the
beat goes on. Pop music represents popular styles
that have wide appeal.
burst
onto the music scene in the 1970s, is actually
more like a rhyming
chant
.
Rappers
give a strong--sometimes
vulgar
--message about life
in the streets.
Americans
have always been a religious people, and music has
long been a part of
their
religious
experience,
as
well.
Today
?
s
Christian
styles
fit
all
musical
tastes--from
country to jazz
to pop to rock to rap.
In
America, music is a shared experience. People grow
up with piano lessons, chorus
classes
and
marching
band
practices.
They
can
talk
about
their
tastes
in
music
when
there
isn
?
t anything else to talk
about.
④
If James Fenimore
Cooper were here today, he
would surely
have to change his tune.
美国的音乐风格
詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·
库柏，一位美国早期的作家，曾经说过：
“美国人对音乐艺术几乎是相当
无知。
”如果这句话曾经是事实，今天就绝对不是你所知道的样子了。大部份的
美国人——甚至那
些根本没有音乐细胞的人——都有自己喜爱的音乐类型。
很多人喜欢来自世界各地的古典音乐和民
间音乐。但是美国其他的流行音乐则
是土生土长的。
在美国，
乡村和西部
音乐深入人心。
这种音乐风格是从美国南部和西部的乡村音乐发展而来的。
乡村音乐讲述的是平实的爱情故事和生活的艰辛。
吉他、
五弦琴和小提琴赋予了乡村音乐特有的音
色。美国乡村音乐的故乡是位于田纳西州的
那什维尔市，它号称美国音乐之城。
爵士乐，
是在
19
世纪晚期由非裔美国人创造的，
这种音乐可以让演奏者自由宣泄自己的情绪、
表现自己的音乐技巧。爵士乐手
们不仅演奏乐曲，也可以即兴创作不同的曲调。
20
世纪
20
年代，
爵士乐进入了巅峰时期。这个时期
造就了路易斯·阿姆斯特朗、
·古德曼和·埃林顿这样的杰出乐
手。不同城市孕育了不同风格的爵士乐，比如新奥尔良、芝加哥、纽约和堪萨斯市。
<
/p>
20
世纪
50
年
代见证了一种爆炸性的音乐类型的发展，这就是摇滚乐。这种音乐极具震撼力，
涉及的是
诸如爱情、性、毒品、政治和死亡之类的话题。它经常叛离世人接受的社会价值观念。摇
滚音乐会凭借其高昂的乐声和怪异的舞台表演已经成为美国年轻人的主流文化之一。
摇滚
音乐的视
频也通过电视传播到了世界偏远的角落。
音乐的节拍一直在前进。
流行音乐代表了流行的风格深受大众喜爱。
逝去的岁月留给我们的
“黄
金老歌”带领很多
人重温昔日的美好回忆。嘻哈音乐，于
20
世纪
70
年代迅速跻身音乐舞台，它
实际就像一种押韵的说
唱。嘻哈乐手表达的是强烈的、有时甚至是粗俗的街头生活。
美国人一直是信奉宗教的民族，
因此音乐也是他们宗教体验的一部分。
< br>如今的基督教音乐可以
满足人们不同的音乐品味——乡村音乐、爵士乐、流行音乐
、摇滚乐、嘻哈音乐无不包含其中。
在美国，
音乐是一种可以与人分享的体验。
人们在钢琴课、
合唱
队和游行乐队的练习中成长起
来。当无话可谈的时候，他们就可以聊一聊自己的音乐爱好
。如果今天费尼莫尔·库柏还在人世，
他肯定得更正自己的论调了。
【
重点单词
】
1. ignorant ['
?
gn
(
?
)r(
?
)nt]
adj
.
无知的；愚昧的
2.
originate [
?
'r
?
d
?
?
ne
?
t;
?
-]
vt
.
引起；创作
3. banjo ['
b?nd
?
?
?
]
n
.
班卓琴；五弦琴
4.
improvise ['
?
mpr
?
va
?
z]
vt
.
即兴创作；即兴表演
5.
weird [w
?
?
d]
adj
.
怪异的；不可思议的
6.
chant [t
?
ɑ
?
nt]
n
.
圣歌；赞美诗
7. vulgar
['v
?
lg
?
]
adj
.
粗俗的；通俗的
【
重点短语
/
亮点句式
】
1. instead of
代替；而不是。这是一个复合介词
，后跟名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。如：
Why
don't you play football instead of just looking
on?
你为什么不参加踢足球而只是看热闹
?
2. such
as
比如；诸如。这个短语用来表示不完全列举。如：
Heroes such as Huang Jiguang will
always live in the hearts of the
people.
像黄继光这样的英雄人物，
将永远活在人民的心里。
I
like drinks such as tea and soda.
我喜欢诸如茶和汽水之类的饮料。
3. The 1950s saw the development of an
explosive new music style: rock
?
n
?
roll.
20
世纪
50
年代见证了一种爆炸性的音乐类型的发展，这就是
摇滚乐。
动词
see
作“经历；见证”讲时，主语通常是某个时间或者地点，并且通常不用进行时态。
如：
The city has seen plenty
of violence over the years.
近年本市发生多起暴力事件。
The
country sees a decrease in population.
这个国家人口数出现了下降。
4.
If James Fenimore Cooper were here today, he would
surely have to change his
tune.
如果今天费尼莫尔·库柏还在人世，他肯定得更正自己的论调
了。
这个主从复合句中使用了虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反
，
if
从句中的动词用用过去时过去时
(Be
动词用
were)
，主句中的动
词用
should/would/could/might+do
。如：
If I were you, I would
take an umbrella.
如果我是你，我会带把
伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）
If
I knew his telephone number, I would tell
you.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）
练习
1. Mary is ill
today. If she _____
，
she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill
，
wouldn't be
B. had been
ill
，
wouldn't
have been
C. had been
ill
，
should have
been
D. hadn't
been ill
，
could
be
2. How many music styles
are mentioned in the passage? What are
they?
答案
＂文学、艺术、音乐＂是高中新课
标话题之一。该话题主要包括各种文学类型、艺术形式、文
化名人以及艺术家等方面。<
/p>
＂文学与艺术＂这个话题与我们的实际生活密切相关，
对于学生了
解国
内外的文学与艺术形式，还有它们的特点、
历史、发展与创
新等都有帮助。该话题能够引导学生接
受和尊重不同国家和民族的文学及艺术，并亲身感
受文学与艺术的魅力。
＂文学、
艺术
、
音乐＂话题是近几年的高考英语必考话题之一，
而且常以阅读
理解、
完形填空、
七选五以及书面表达的形式来考查，
例如
2017
年新课标卷
II
书面表达，
2017
年江苏卷阅
读理解
A
篇，
2017
年浙江卷阅读理解
A
篇阅，
2
016
年全国卷Ⅱ书面表达；
2015
年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解
C
篇；
2015<
/p>
年重庆卷阅读理解
E
篇；
2014
年新课标全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解
D
篇；
2012
年天津卷书面表达；
2011
年山东卷完形填空等。
【相关词汇】
话
题
单
词
1. instrument [
?
?
nstr
?
m
?
nt]
n.
乐器
2. folk
[f
?
?
k]
adj
.
民间的
3.
applause
[
?
?
pl
?
?
z]
n.
鼓掌欢迎
4.
musician
[mju
?
?
z
?
?
(
?
)n]
n.
音乐家
5. concert
['k
?
n
s
?
t]
n.
音乐会
6. perform [p
?
?
f
?
?
m]
v.
表演
7.
performance
[p
?
?
f
?
?
m
?
ns]
n.
表演
8.
classical
[
?
kl?s
?
k(
?
)l]
adj.
古典的
9. influence
[
?
?
nf
l
?
?
ns]
vt.
影响
10. record [
?
rek<
/p>
?
?
d]
vt.& vi.
录音；纪录
n
．
记录；唱片
11. relaxed
[r
?
?
l?kst]
adj.
放松的
12. depressed [d
?
?
pres]
adj.
压抑的
ret [
< br>?
n
?
t
?
?
pr
?
t]
v.
解释；说明
14. honour
['
?
n
?
]
v.
尊敬；敬重
15.
present [
?
prez(
?<
/p>
)nt]
v.
赠送；颁发
16.
collection [k
?
?
le
k
?
(
?
)n
]
n.
收藏
17. earn
[
?
?
n]
vt.
赚钱，获得，博得
18. hit
[h
?
t]
n.
成功
19.
appreciate
[
?
?
pri
?
?
?
e
?
t]
v.
欣赏
20.
attractive
[
?
?
tr?kt
?
v]
adj.
吸引人的
话
题
短
语
舞
5.(be)true
of/for
与……情况相同
6.
depend on
依靠，依赖
1. make contact
with
与……进行来往
2.
all of a sudden
突然
3. give life to
赋予……生命
(
生命力，
活力
) 4.
dance to the music
伴着音乐跳
7.
(be)the same with
与……情况相同
8. draw
upon
利用，凭借，依赖，临
近
9. give
concerts
举办音乐会
10. in addition
to
除此之外；还有
11.
share
feelings
and
ideas
with
与
…
…
分
享
感
受
与
想
法
12.
take
advantage of
利用
13. try out
尝试
14. be blessed
with
有幸
15. come
out
出版
16. play
jokes on sb.
在某人身上开玩笑
17. base on /
upon
基于……，以……为根据
18. break up
vt. & vi.
分解，分开
;
破碎，解体
< br>话
题
句
子
2
．
It
’
s
the same with
classical Chinese music.
中国古典音乐也是一样。
3
．
The
momen
t they start to
play
，
it is clear the members
of Twelve Girls
Band are
among the most gifted musicians
in the world.
她们一开始演奏，就立刻证明了
女子十二乐坊的成员是世界上最有天赋的音乐
家。
4
．
In addition
to
the awards
themselves
，
there are also
performances by
famous artists at the
ceremony.
除了大奖本身以外，颁奖典礼上还有著名艺术家
< br>的表演。
5
．
Therefore
，
the Grammys
are not
taken seriously
by
some musicians or
music fans.
因此，格莱美并不为某些音乐家或音乐迷看重。
6
．
Songs that are
spoken
rather than
sung are
called rap.
采用近乎念白
方式而不是唱的歌曲被
叫做绕舌歌。
7
．
As well
as
attracting huge audiences in its
Hong Kong home,
Cantopop has spread
offshore, and its stars
are known in
Beijing, London
1
．
She
graduated from
the Shanghai
Conservatory of
Music
，
where
she
also studied the guzheng in 1993.
她毕业于上海音乐学院，
1993
年她还在那里学
习弹奏古筝。
and New
York.
粤语流行音乐不仅仅吸引了香港本地的大量听众，而且传到海外的
其他国家，香港的歌星在北京、伦敦和纽约都很有名。
8
．＂
My message is
that
it doesn't matter
if
you're black, white, fat, thin,
old and
young
—
we're
all
the same
, it's a great world and you
can do
something with your life.
＂＂我想告诉大家的是不管你是黑人还是白人，肥胖还是
瘦小，年长还是年幼，
这些都不重要——我们都是一样的，这是一个美妙的世界，你
可以在有生之年做些事情。
＂
I
．阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
和
D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(20
17
·浙江卷
)
Benjamin West, the father of American
painting, showed his talent for art when he
was only six years of age. But he did
not know about brushes before a visitor told him
he
needed one. In those days, a brush
was made from camel
’
s hair.
There were no camels
nearby. Benjamin
decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut
some fur from the
family cat to make a
brush.
The
brush
did
not
last
long.
Soon
Benjamin
needed
more
fur.
Before
long,
the
cat
began to look ragged
（蓬乱）
. His father said that
the cat must be sick. Benjamin was
forced to admit what he had been
doing.
The
cat
’
s
lot
was
about
to
improve.
That
year,
one
of
Benjamin
’
s
cousins,
Mr.
Pennington, came to visit. He was
impressed with Benjamin
’
s
drawings. When he went
home, he sent
Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also
sent six
engravings
（版
画）
by an artist. These were the first
pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin
had ever seen.
In
1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr.
Pennington returned for
another
visit.
He
was
amazed
at
what
Benjamin
had
done
with
his
gift.
He
asked
Benjamin
’
s
parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia
for a visit.
In
the
city,
Mr.
Pennington
gave
Benjamin
materials
for
creating
oil
paintings.
The
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