-
2018
上海市高考压轴卷
英语试题
考生注意：
1.
考试时间
120
分钟
,
试卷满分
150
分。
2.
本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第
I
卷（第
1
－
12
页）和第
II
卷（第
13
页）
，全卷
共
13
页。所
有答题必须涂（选择题）
或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题
前
,
务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名
,
并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上
,
在答题纸反而清楚地填写
姓名。
第
I
卷
(
共<
/p>
103
分
)
Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions:
In
Section
A,
you
will
hear
ten
short
conversations
between
two
speakers.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation, a question will be asked
about what was said. The conversations and the
questions will be spoken
only once.
After you hear a conversation and the question
about it, read the four possible answers on your
paper,
and decide which one is the best
answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. 2 liters.
B. 13 liters.
C. 26 liters.
D.
52 liters.
2. A. In an English class.
C. On a bus.
3. A. By bus.
B. In a
swimming pool.
D. In a sporting goods store.
B. By underground.
C. By taxi.
D. By car.
4. A.
Doctor and patient.
B.
Teacher and student.
D.
Salesman and customer.
C.
Employer and Employee.
5. A. Have a
lesson.
C. See a film.
6. A. Difficult.
B. Take a test.
D. Go to
bed.
B. Memorable.
D.
Worthwhile.
C.
Uninteresting.
7. A. She
wants a bottle of juice.
B.
She’d like some alcohol.
C.
The red wine in this bar is perfect.
8. A. An excellent résumé.
C. A job offer.
9. A. It’s
famous.
D. The location of the bar is unknown.
B.
An entry form.
D. The
position of system engineer.
B. It’s
professional.
C. It’s expensive.
D. It’s
cheating.
10. A. The
26-month-old baby is always busy watching videos.
B. TV and videos may hurt a child’s
language development.
C.
Nothing can replace parents in kids’ language
development.
D. Children
usually watch TV too passively to learn something.
Section B
Directions:
In
Section
B,
you
will
hear
one
longer
conversation
and
two
short
passages,
and
you
will
be
asked
several questions on each of the
conversation and the passages. The conversation
and the passages will be read
twice,
but the questions will be spoken only once. When
you hear a question, read the four possible
answers on
your paper and decide which
one would be the best answer to the question you
have heard.
Questions 11
through 13 are based on the following dialogue.
11. A. Encouraging.
B. Dishonest.
C. Interesting.
D. Nervous.
12. A. How to
start his own business.
C. How to speak to a woman bravely.
13. A. He has too loose a schedule.
B. How to develop a real
interest.
D. How to balance
his study and work.
B. He
loves the feeling with students.
C. He
is dissatisfied with his current job.
D. He wants to determine his future
development.
Questions 14 through 16
are based on the following passage.
14.
A. Kids threw litter everywhere.
B.
The camp director gave rude orders.
C.
Some mysterious plastic litter was found.
D. Kids’ joint efforts led
to a clean camp.
15. A. By
taking pictures of litter he picked up.
B. By sharing photos of the terribly
dirty planet.
C. By keeping a record of
crowdsourced cleaning-up.
D. By
inspiring kids to pick up five pieces of litter
every day.
16. A. There is strength in
numbers.
B. Birds can
help to pick up litter.
D. More straws
should be used in the café.
C. Litter is artistic and approachable.
Questions 17 through 20 are
based on the following passage.
17. A. To enable students
to reject violence.
B. To help students face struggles more
properly.
C. To improve students’
health.
D. To eliminate
poverty more effectively.
18. A. How to
calm down by talking to experts.
B. How to clear their mind throughout
the day.
C. How to make their teachers
happy.
D. How to respond to situations
better.
19. A. More students dropped
out last year.
B. There is
less bad behavior on campus.
C.
Students are less responsible for their study.
D.
More students are willing to be sent to the
office.
20. A. Its effect remains to be
seen.
B. Everyone can benefit from it.
C. It helps to get rid of poverty to
some extent.
D. There is
enough evidence to show its significance.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages
below, fill in the blanks to make the passages
coherent and grammatically
correct. For
the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank
with the proper form. of the given word; for the
other
blanks, use one word that best
fits each blank.
On the morning of
September 11, 2001, computer sales manager Michael
Hingson , who is blind , went early to
his office on the
78
th
floor
of the
North Tower of the World Trade Center to prepare
for a meeting . As Michael
worked , his
guide dog , a Labrador retriever ___21____(name)
Roselle, dozed by his feet.
At
8:46
a.m,
a
tremendous
boom
rocked
the
building
,
eliciting
screams
throughout
the
floor .
Michael
grabbed
Roselle
,
trusting
that
the
dog
___22____(lead)
out
of
the
danger,
and
they
navigated
their
way
to
a
stairwell.
“Forward,”
Machael instructed , and they descended the first
of 1,463 steps to the lobby.___
23____
about ten
floors
,
the
stairwell
grew
crowded
and
hot
,and
the
fumes
from
jet
fuel
had
made
it
hard
to
breathe.
When
a
woman became crazy , yelling that they
wouldn’t make it. Roselle accompanied the woman
___
24_____she finally
petted
the dog , calmed herself , and kept walking down
the stairs.
Around
the
30
th
floor,
firefighters
started
passing
Michael
on
their
way
up .
Each
one
stopped
to
offer
him
assistance. He declined but let Roselle
be petted, __25___ (provide) many of the
firefighters with ____26___ would
be
their last experience of unconditional love.
After about 45 minutes ,Michael and
Roselle reached __27___ booby ,and 15 minutes
later ,they emerged
outside to a scene
of chaos . Suddenly the police yelled for everyone
to run as the South Tower began to collapse.
Michael kept a tight grip
on Roselle’s harness , using voice and hand
commands, as
they ran to a street
opposite
the crumbling tower . The
street bounced like a trampoline , and “a
deafening roar” like a hellish freight train
filled
the
air.
Hours
later
,
Michael
andRoselle
made
it
home
safely .
At
that
moment
,
they
thought
they
were
___28____(lucky ) in the world.
In 2004,
Roselle developed a blood disorder ,
___29___
prevented her from
guiding and touring . She died
in 2011.
“ I
___30___
(have)
many other dogs ,” Mechael wrote
, “but there is only one Roselle.”
Section B
Directions: Complete the following
passage by using the words in the box. Each word
can only be used once. Note
that there
is one word more than you
need
.
A. evidence
B. significantly
C. completely
D.
effective
E.
remove
F. applicable
G. beneficial
H. environment
I. assess
J. influence
K. purify
Can Indoor Plants Really
Purify the Air?
Plants are very
important to human life. Through photosynthesis
(
光合作用
), they transform
carbon dioxide into
fresh oxygen. They
are said to ___31___ toxins from the air we
breathe
—
but is this true?
One
famous
NASA
experiment,
published
in
1989,
found
that
indoor
plants
can
clean
the
air
by
removing
cancer-causing
pollutants
like
formaldehyde
and
benzene.
Later
research
has
found
that
soil
micro-organisms
in
potted plants also play a part in
cleaning indoor air.
Based on this
research, some scientists say house plants are
___32___ air purifiers, and the bigger and leafier
the plant, the better. “The amount of
leaf surface area can
___33___ the rate
of air p
urification,” says Bill
Wolverton,
a former NASA research
scientist who conducted that 1989 plant study.
Other experts, however, say the
___34___ that plants can effectively accomplish
this feat is far from conclusive.
“There are no definitive studies to
s
how that having indoor plants can
___35___ increase the air quality in your
home,” says Luz Claudio, a professor of
environmental medicine and public health at the
Icahn School of Medicine
at Mount
Sinai. There’s no question that plants are capable
of removing volatile chemical toxins from the air
“under
laboratory conditions,”
according to Claudio. But in the real world
—
in your home or in your office space
—
the
notion that
putting a few plants together can ___36___
your air doesn’t have much hard
scienc
e to back it up.
Most
research efforts to date, including the NASA
study, placed indoor plants in small, sealed
environments in
order
to
___37___
how
much
air-
purifying
power
they
have.
But
those
studies
aren’t
really
___38___
to
what
happens in a house, says Stanley Kays,
a professor of horticulture at the University of
Georgia.
In many cases, the air in your
home ___39___ turns over
—
that is, exchanges places with outdoor air
—
once
every
hour.
“In
most
instances,
air
exchange
with
the
outside
has
a
far
greater
effect
on
indoor
air
quality
than
plants,” Kays says.
Many people may be disappointed by what
Kays said, but the professor also made it clear
that he believes house
plants are
___40___
—
they are not only
pleasant living companions, but also provide a
number of health benefits.
Studies
have
shown
plants
can
knock
out
stress
by
calming
the
sympathetic
nervous
system,
and
can
also
make
people feel happier.
More research shows spending time around nature
has a positive effect on a person’s mood and
energy levels.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the
following passage there are four words or phrases
marked A, B, C and D. Fill in
each
blank with the word or phrase that best fits the
context.
It’s a
high
-risky, multibillion-dollar
industry with tight deadlines, demanding customers
and lives in danger.
The business is
41
. And it’s booming.
The number of jobs for translators and
interpreters doubled in the past 10 years while
their wages steadily
42
before, during and after the recession.
During a period of stagnating
(
停滞的
) wages across the labor
market, the
language-service industry
with its 50,000 jobs is a
43
spot in the jobs outlook.
Lillian
Clementi
is
a
French
translator
working
in
corporate
communications
from
her
home
in
Arlington,
Massachusetts
and
is
routin
ely
on
tight
deadlines
to
hand
in
translated
material.
“The
risks
can
be
huge,”
said
Clementi, “There’s tons of
44
pressure.”
In
some cases, a(n)
45
translation or interpretation is also
vital. If a user’s guide for medical equipment is
not
translated
well,
it
could
lead
to
46
during
an
emergency.
Soldiers
in
conflict
areas
require
excellent
interpreters to speak with community
members. Any change of tone or context could put
lives
47
.
Translators’
and interpreters’ immunity
(
免疫力
) to the nation’s
economic downturn also
48
the growing
demand for
people who can speak several languages in an
increasingly globalized economy, experts said.
“Good translators who
49
a particular subject and become really
good at it can really make six-digit figures
annually,” said Jiri Stejskal,
spokesman for the American Translators
Association.
Multinational
corporations,
U.S.
demographic
(
人口的
)
changes
and
the
Internet
economy
raise
the
need
for
translated and localized
information. Companies increasingly want their
content
50
to the tongue
of the town,
even between dialects of
the same language.
“As more people
51
the worldwide economy,
that’s going to drive more commerce, and that’s
going to drive
more language services,”
said Bill R
ivers, executive director of
the National Council for Language and
International
Studies in the Washington
region.
52
,
qualifications
for
translators
and
interpreters
are
not
as
simple
as
they
may
seem.
Speaking
two
languages
does
not
mean
a
person
can
work
in
the
language-service
industry,
experts
said.
Learning
how
to
translate or interpret is a
53
skill beyond knowing the language.
Furthermore,
the
most
successful
translators
and
interpreters
maintain
a
54
,
such
as
legal
documents,
quarterly
earnings reports or a special knowledge of
industry.
Technological
advances
may
cut
jobs
in
some
industries,
but
online
translation
services
like
Google
Translate
55
raise
demand
for
human
translators
and
interpreters,
experts
said.
Online
sales
companies
also
drive
demand
for translation.
41
．
A. tourism
B. language
C. technology
D. economy
42
．
A. shrank
B.
changed
C. grew
D. remained
43
．
A. bright
B.
scenic
C. historic
D.
tough
44
．
A. money
B. peer
C. blood
D. time
45
．
A. proper
B.
quick
C. direct
D. innovative
46
．
A. disease
B. depression
C. violence
D. confusion
47
．
A. in order
B. at risk
C. under
control
D. out of state
48
．
A. highlights
B. understands
C. increases
D. resists
49
．
A. set up
B.
depend on
C.
specialize in
D. object to
50
．
A. limited
B. accustomed
C. related
D. tailored
51
．
A. agree with
B. have access to
C. are confident of
D. insist on
52
．
A. Instead
B. Therefore
C. However
D. Otherwise
53
．
A. separate
B. genetic
C. learnable D.
worthwhile
54
．
A.
certificate
B. diploma
C. strategy D. specialty
55
．
A.
automatically
B.
respectively
C.
actually
D.
immediately
Section B
Direction
：
Read
the following three passages. Each passage is
followed by several questions or unfinished
sattments.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
markedA,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information given in the passage you
have just read.
(A)
William
Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in
Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled
to
England and began earning a living
as an organist and later composer and conductor.
In 1772, he convinced his sister
Caroline to join him as a singer. In
their spare time the brother-sister team became
occupied in astronomy. William
died at
his home in Slough, near Windsor on August
25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.
Herschel’s
first
major
discoveries
were
to
show
that
Mars
and
Jupiter
exhibit
axial
rotation
(
绕轴自转
).
Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on
March 13
th
, he discovered
the planet
Uranus
(
天王星
) while engaged in work
aimed
at
determining
stellar
parallax
(
恒星视差
). This
being
the
first
new planet
discovered
since
ancient
times,
Herschel,
until
then
a
mere
amateur
astronomer
relatively
unknown
even
in
England,
became
world-famous.
Adopting a
historically proven strategy, Herschel named the
new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then
ruling
English king George III. The
trick worked once again, as King George III gave
William and Caroline the titles of
“The
King’s Astronomer” and “Assistant to the King’s
Astronomer”, an honor which came with a life’s
pension for
both. In 1782 they
moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter
to Slough, and from this
point on
William and Caroline
could devote
themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels
went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.
While
Caroline
became
increasingly
occupied
with
the
search
for
comets
at
which
she
was
quite
successful,
William became
for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by
Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the
theory of sunspot,
an
opinion
that
continued
to
exist
well
into
the
nineteenth
century.
In
1800,
he
became
interested
in
the
solar
spectrum
(
太阳光谱
), and
uncovered the first evidence for solar energy
output outside of the visible spectrum, in
what is now known as the
infrared
(
红外线
). In 1801, he published
two papers that effectively started the field of
solar influences on Earth’s
weather.
56.
Herschel made himself known to the
world mainly by __________.
A.
discovering the planet Uranus
B.
determining stellar parallax
C.
discovering two moons of Uranus
D.
uncovering the evidence for the infrared
57.
It can be inferred from
the passage that George III __________.
A. liked science and technology
B. liked Herschel’s naming of the new
planet
C. was interested in
astronomy