BBC美丽中国第六集中英文字幕

每年有

10

个月

For 10 months of the year

岛上没有任何食物

there

is

nothing

substantial

to

eat

on

the

island,

因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力

so

the

reptiles

conserve

their

energy

by

barely

moving at all.

鸟群鸣叫

(BIRDS CAWING)

当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖

As the sun warms their rocky home,

这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛

the

snakes

climb

up

into

the

bushes

and

trees.

但是它们不是来这晒日光浴的

But they aren't here to sunbathe.

越来越多的毒蛇出现了

More and more vipers appear

事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地

until

virtually

every

perch

where

a

bird

might land

等着鸟们上钩

has been booby-trapped.

“

守猎

”

游戏开始了

Then the waiting game begins.

蛇隐藏得很好

The serpents' camouflage is remarkable,

但是蛇攻击鸟的时候

but so are the birds' reactions,

鸟的反应同样迅速

as this high-speed shot reveals.

鸟群只在岛上停留几周

The

birds

will

only

stay

on

the

island

for

a

couple of weeks.

但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了

But

although

the

snakes

have

been

starving

for

months,

但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径

their only hope of bagging a meal

is to be

patient

只能是潜藏起来耐心等待

and sit tight.

即便最微小的失误

The slightest miscalculation

也会导致狩猎的失败

and

the

snake

is

left

with

a

mouthful

of

feathers.

蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味

The

dropped

meal

is

tracked

down

mainly

by smell,

毒蛇用分叉的舌头

the viper using its forked tongue

分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物

to taste the air until

it is close enough to see

its quarry.

最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物

The final challenge is to swallow a meal

that's twice the size

of its head.

蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向

It

does

so

by

dislocating

its

jaws

and

positioning its prey

使鸟嘴指向后边

so the beak is pointing backwards.

对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂

For the reptiles,

this time of plenty is all too

brief.

再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了

In a couple of weeks,

the migration will be

over

鸟群会继续前进

and the birds will have moved on.

这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐

This

could

be

the

snake's

last

meal

for

six

months.

但是并不是岛上会经历

But it isn't just islands

盛宴和饥馑的循环

that experience cycles

of feast and famine.

海也有季节变化

The sea, too, has its seasons,

沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化

a

fact

well

known

to

fishing

communities

along

the

neighbouring coasts.

在初望港

In Chuwang harbour,

盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明

the

start

of

a

new

fishing

season

provides

the

excuse

for

a

massive party.

但是对于船主老赵来说

But for boat owner Mr Zhao,

既有庆祝又有祈祷

it's a day of prayer

as well as celebration.

老赵希望通过祭祀海神

Zhao hopes that by presenting gifts

and showing respect to the

sea goddess,

来确保他们来年捕鱼

he

can

help

ensure

a

prosperous

and

safe

year ahead

顺利安全

for him and his crew.

同时

鼓声

爆竹反映了古人的信念

Meanwhile,

drums,

firecrackers

and

fireworks

reflect

the

ancient belief

古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气

that loud noises will frighten off

dangerous sea devils and

bad fortune.

台子中间的那个是海龙的象征

Occupying centre stage

is a representation of the

sea dragon,

传说海龙控制着水和天气

mythical ruler of water and weather.

夜晚风平浪静

In the calm of the evening,

赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼

Mr

Zhao

and

his

family

light

paper

boat

lanterns.

每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神

Each

flickering

flame

carries

a

wish

to

the

sea goddess,

这个传统世代传递着

a tradition passed on from parents

to children over countless

generations.

在中国拥挤的海岸线上

On China's crowded coasts,

渔民们必须非常机敏

fishermen need to be

extremely resourceful.

收渔网是一项繁重的工作

Hauling in the nets is hard work,

目前为止还没有看到鱼

and so far there's not a fish in sight.

只有海蜇

Only jellyfish.

每年

无数的海蜇

Each year, millions of jellyfish

被渤海湾的水流带到南方

are

carried south with

the currents

in

the

Bohai Gulf.

这种现象的生态学原因很复杂

The

ecological

story

behind

this

event

is

complex,

但决不是中国特有的

but by no means unique to China.

海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物

Jellyfish are fast-breeding

plankton feeders.

近些年来

人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥

In

recent

years,

human

sewage

and

fertilisers

from

intensive farming

增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度

have

increased

plankton

blooms

in

the

Gulf,

提供了丰富的海蜇食物

providing extra jellyfish food.

由于过度捕鱼

海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了

While

over-fishing

has

reduced

their

enemies

and

competitors.

这种现象已经

It's

a

phenomenon

that

has

become

increasingly

widespread

在全球蔓延

across the world's seas.

然而

别的地方认为是个问题

However,

what

is

seen

elsewhere

as

a

problem,

在中国却被当成机会

in China is perceived as an opportunity.

岸上

Back on shore,

四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里

mule

carts

transport

the

jellyfish

to

nearby

warehouses

在那里处理后销往全国

where

they

will

be

processed

and

sold

as

food

all

over China.

四代人正在饱餐一碗海蜇片

Four generations tuck into

a bowl of sliced

jellyfish,

这道菜可以延年益寿

the recipe for a long and healthy life.

离开了渤海湾

Leaving the Bohai Gulf behind,

迁徙的鹤群

migrating cranes,

篦鹭和鸭子里边加入了其他鸟类

spoonbills

and

ducks

are

joined

by

other

birds,

它们都飞向南方寻找安全的冬天栖息地

all

heading

south

in

search

of

a

safe

winter haven.

鸟群的迁徙路线顺着黄海

The

birds'

migration

route

follows

the

coast

of

the

Yellow Sea

一路朝向江苏省

down into Jiangsu Province,

那里有肥沃的农业风景

a fertile agricultural landscape

有中国最后存留的盐沼泽地

with

some

of

the

last

remaining

salt

marshes in China.

大丰

At Dafeng,

一小块盐沼泽的就是一只幸存动物的家园

a small salt marsh reserve is home

to an animal which is lucky

to be alive.

中国人认为麋鹿是奇怪复杂的动物

The

Chinese

see

these

Milu

as

a

curious

composite animal,

有像马一样的头

with a horse's head,

牛一样的脚

cow's feet,

驴一样的尾巴

a tail like a donkey

朝向后边的鹿角

and backwards-facing antlers.

在西方

自从第一个欧洲人

In the West, we know it as

David's Deer,

叫它麋鹿以后

我们也这样叫了

after the first European to describe it.

在发情期

During the rut,

雄鹿用植物的花环来装饰自己

stags

decorate

themselves

with

garlands

of

vegetation

这些东西是用鹿角弄的

collected in their antlers.

激烈的战斗决定谁拥有交配权

Fierce battles decide mating rights.

雌鹿仍然带着去年的幼鹿

The

females

still

have

last

year's

fawns

in

tow.

母鹿在发情期也没有给幼鹿断奶

They haven't been weaned

by the time of the

rut

幼鹿聚在一起

and band together in large crhes,

只回到自己母亲那里喂食

only returning to their mothers to feed.

这种特殊的行为有助于帮助它们记清楚好斗的雄鹿

This

unique

behaviour

helps

to

keep

them

clear

of

the

aggressive males.

现在

中国仅存

2500

头麋鹿了

Today, there are just

2,500 Milu in China,

很明显如果再多也很有限

but it is remarkable that

there are any at all.

在

世纪初期

野外的麋鹿濒临灭绝

In the early 1900s

Milu became extinct in

the wild,

幸运的是一些良种鹿群被当作礼物送到了欧洲

but luckily, some of the Imperial herd

had been sent as a gift

to Europe.

那些在英格兰

Woburn

Abbey

的麋鹿繁衍了下来

Those

at

Woburn

Abbey,

in

England, prospered.

20

世纪

80

年代

40

头鹿被送回了故乡

And

in

the

early

1980s,

40

of

the

deer

were

returned

to

their homeland

它们在那里继续繁衍生息

where they continue to thrive.

迁徙的鹤群至今已经

The migrating cranes

have so far travelled

顺着海岸向南飞行了两千多公里了

over

2,000

kilometres

southwards

along

the coast.

经过了大丰的麋鹿预留区

Passing the Milu Deer Reserve at Dafeng,

它们接近了另一个盐沼泽地

they are approaching another salt marsh

那里给它们过冬提供了极好的条件

which

will

provide

the

perfect

conditions

for

them

to

spend the winter.

盐城，中国最大的沿海湿地

This

is

Yancheng,

the

largest

coastal

wetland in China,

每年估计有三百万鸟拜访这里

visited by an estimated

three million birds

each year.

(

嘎嘎的叫声）

(SQUAWKING)

刚出生七个月的幼鹤

Crane

chicks

that

were

only

born

seven

months ago

完成了第一次来回旅行

have

now

completed

the

first

leg

of

a

round trip

它们将会每年重复这样

which they will repeat every year.

坚强的鹤群能应付冬天的温度

The

hardy

cranes

can

cope

with

winter

temperatures

温度可能降到零度以下

which may drop below freezing.

但是其他迁徙的鸟类

比如濒临灭绝的黑面篦鹭

However, other migrating birds, like

the endangered black- faced

spoonbill,

就没有那么耐寒

are less cold-tolerant

它们将要继续南飞寻找更温暖的气候

and

will

continue

even

further

south

in

search

of

warmer climes.

(

嘎嘎的叫声）

(SQUAWKING)

在这里

许多迁徙的鸟群

At

this

point,

many

of

the

migrating

bird

flocks

勉强达到了它们南飞旅程的一半

are

barely

halfway

along

their

southward

journey.

在它们前面还有新的挑战

Ahead of them lies a new challenge,

中国最伟大的河

——

长江

China's greatest river, the Yangtze,

是许多种类迁徙物种的聚集地

and the venue for

a very different

kind

of

migration.

每年

上百万吨的货物往来江面

Each year, millions of tons of cargo

travel up and down

the river,

使这里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一

making this one of

the busiest waterways in

the world.

这些是中华绒蝥蟹

These are Chinese mitten crabs,

因它们长毛爪子得名

named for their strange hairy claws.

它们可以迁移长达

1500

公里