纪录片美丽中国6英语字幕文稿

From

the

eastern

end

of

the

Great

Wall,

China’s

coast

spans

14500

kilometresand more than 5000 years of history. This is the area which shows the

greatest

contrast

between

China's

past

and

its

future.

Today

China's

eastern

seaboards home to

700 million people, packed into some of the most dazzling

hi-tech cities on earth. Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a

wealth of wildlife. Now, as ancient traditions

mingle

with

new aspirations, is there

any room at all for wildlife on China's crowded shores?

In northern China's Haling Nature Reserve, a pair of red-crowned cranes have

staked out their nesting territory in the stubble of a commercially managed reed

bed.

For

centuries,

cranes

have

been

revered

in

Chinas

symbols

of

longevity.

Their statues were placed next to the Emperor's throne. The cranes have cause

to celebrate. This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times. Red- crowned cranes

are one of the world's most endangered species. Over the last century, China has

lost nearly half of its coastal wetlands and most of what remains is managed for

the benefit

of

people,

not

wildlife. A

few

months

from

now, this

chick

and

its

parents

will

face

a

long

migration

south

to

escape

the

harsh

northern

winter.

Their

route

will

take

them

along

a

coast

which

has

been

greatly

affected

by

human activity. Along their journey, the cranes will be joined by many thousands

of other migrating birds. All heading south across the

Bahia Gulfand along the

shores of the Yellow and East China Seas, some even reaching as far as the South

China Seain search of a safe winter

haven

. The annual bird migration has been

going

on

for

thousands

of

years.

Here

at

Mount

Jinping

on

China's

northeast

coast,

there

is

surprising

evidence

that

people

have

lived

here

almost

as

long.

Seven

thousand

years

ago,

members

of

the

Shao

Hao

tribe

carved

magical

symbols representing significant elements of their daily lives. The petro glyphs

show

wheat

sheaves

connected

by

lines

to

human

figures,

the

first

known

recordings

of

cultivation

in

China.

Familiar

with

the

spectacle

of

yearly

bird

migrations, the Shao Hao people chose a symbol of a bird as their totem. Mount

Jinping lies near the Shandong peninsula, an important wintering site for migrant

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birds, and even today there are still communities along this coastline who retain a

special affinity with their local Jiao village, on the north-eastern

shore of the peninsula, is famous for its traditional seaweed-thatched cottages.

On

a

chilly

morning

in

early

spring,Mr

and

Mrs

Qu

venture

out

at

first

lightarmed with the traditional seaside accessories of bucket and the

Qus head down into the harbour,a flock of whooper swans,known affectionately

here as

search for tube holesin the mud at low tide,the sign of cockles and razor shells

hidden

deep

gathering

shellfish

is

a

popular

pastime,the

main

business of Yandun Jiao happens further out at the boats set out, with Mr

Qu on board,the swans set a parallel whole of the bay is a gigantic

seaweed men work all day cleaning and tending the kelp frondsthat are

grown on ropes linked to a vast armada of swans eat native seaweeds

growing on the surface ropesrather than the valuable crop of kelp,so they do no

harm to the commercial operation. In the afternoon, as the wind picks up out at

sea,the workers and swans return to the culture of seeking balance

with

nature

goes

back

a

long

way

in

China,it

is

rare

to

see

such

harmonious

relationships

on

China's

crowded

evening

draws

on,the

Qu

family

prepare their evening meal of cockles,steamed bread and ers are

given

to

the

village

children

to

feed

the

's

fun

for

the

kids

and

providesan extra energy boost for the birds as they face another cold

swans

have

been

using

this

sheltered

beat

as

a

winter

refuge

for

many

generations.

As

long

as

the

tradition

of

respect

for

nature

persists,

this

remarkable

association between the Yandun Jiao community and their winter angels looks set

to continue. Out in the Bahia Gulf, northeast of the swan village, a small rocky

island provides

a quiet resting spot

for

migrating

birds.

But

Shihao Island

has

hidden ' pit vipers trapped here , years ago by rising sea levels have

evolved a sinister lifestyle. For

months of the year there is nothing substantial

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to eat on the island, so the reptiles conserve their energy by barely moving at all.

As

the

sun

warms

their

rocky

home,

the

snakes

climb

up

into

the

bushes

and

trees.

But they aren't here to sunbathe. More and more vipers appear until virtually

every perch where a bird might land has been booby-trapped. Then the waiting

game

begins.

The

serpents'

camouflage

is

remarkable,

but

so

are

the

birds'

reactions, as this high-speed shot reveals. The birds will only stay on the island

for a couple of weeks. But although the snakes have been starving for months,

their

only

hope

of

bagging

a

meal

is

to

be

patient

and

sit

tight.

The

slightest

miscalculation

and

the snake is

left

with

a

mouthful of

feathers.

The

dropped

meal is tracked down mainly by smell, the viper using its forked tongue to taste

the air until it is close enough to see its quarry. The final challenge is to swallow a

meal

that's

twice

the

size

of

its

head.

It

does

so

by

dislocating

its

jaws

and

positioning its preys the beak is pointing backwards. For the reptiles, this time of

plenty is all too brief. In a couple of weeks, the migration will be overhand the

birds will have moved on. This could be the snake's last meal for six months. But it

isn't just islands that experience cycles of feast and famine. The sea, too, has its

seasons, a fact well known to fishing communities along the neighboring coasts. In

Chewing

harbour,the

start

of

a

new

fishing

season

provides

the

excuse

for

a

massive

party.

But

for

boat

owner

Mr

Zhao,

it’s

a

day

of

prayer

as

well

as

celebration. Zhao hopes that by presenting gifts and showing respect to the sea

goddess, he can help ensure a prosperous and safe year

ahead for him and his

crew.

Meanwhile,

drums,

firecrackers

and

fireworks

reflect

the

ancient

belief

that loud noises will frighten off dangerous sea devils and bad fortune.

Occupying centre stage is a representation of the sea dragon, mythical ruler of

water and weather. In the calm of the evening,Mr Zhao and his family light paper

boat flickering flame carries a wish to the sea goddess, a tradition

passed

on

from

parents

to

children

over

countless

generations.

On

China's

crowded coasts, fishermen need to be extremely

resourceful.

Hauling in the nets

3

is

hard

work,

and

so

far

there's

not

a

fish

in

sight.

Only

jellyfish.

Each

year,

millions of jellyfish are carried south with the currents in the Bahia Gulf. The

ecological story behind this event is complex, but by no means unique to China.

Jellyfish are fast-breeding plankton feeders. In recent years, human sewage and

fertilizers

from

intensive

farming

have

increased

plankton

blooms

in

the

Gulf,

providing extra jellyfish food. While over-fishing has reduced their enemies and

competitors. It’s

a phenomenon that has become increasingly widespread across

the

world's

seas.

However,

what

is

seen

elsewhere

as

a

problem,

in

China

is

perceived as an opportunity. Back on shore, mule carts transport the jellyfish to

nearby warehouses where they will be processed and sold as food all over China.

Four generations tuck into a bowl of sliced

jellyfish, the recipe for a long and

healthy life.

Leaving the Bahia Gulf behind, migrating cranes, spoonbills and ducks are joined

by

other

birds,

all

heading

south

in

search

of

a

safe

winter

haven.

The

birds'

migration route follows the coast of the Yellow Sea down into Jiangsu Province, a

fertile

agricultural

landscape

with

some

of

the

last

remaining

salt

marshes

in

China. At Dafeng,a small salt marsh reserve is home to an animal which is lucky to

be alive. The Chinese see these Milo as a curious composite animal, with a horse's

head, cow’s

feet, a tail like a donkey and backwards-facing antlers. In the West,

we know it as Peer David's Deer, after the first European to describe it.

During

the

rut,

stags

decorate

themselves

with

garlands

of

vegetation

collected in their antlers. Fierce battles decide mating rights. The females still

have last year's fawns in tow. They haven't been

weane

d by the time of the rut

and band together in large crèches, only returning to their mothers to feed. This

unique behavior helps to keep them clear of the aggressive males. Today, there

are just , Milo in China, but it is remarkable that there are any at all. In the early

s Milo became extinct in the wild, but luckily, some of the Imperial herd had been

sent as a gift to Europe. Those at Woburn Abbey, in England, prospered. And in

the early s,

of the deer were returned to their homeland where they continue to

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thrive.

The

migrating

cranes

have

so

far

travelled

over

2000

kilometers

southwards along the coast. Passing the Milo Deer Reserve at Dafeng,they are

approaching

another

salt

marsh

which

will

provide

the

perfect

conditions

for

them to spend the winter. This is Yanting, the largest coastal wetland in China,

visited by an estimated three million birds each year. Crane chicks that were only

born seven months ago have now completed the first leg of a round trip which

they will repeat every year.

The

hardy

cranes

can

cope

with

winter

temperatures

which

may

drop

below

freezing.

However,

other

migrating

birds,

like

the

endangered

black-faced

spoonbill, are less cold-tolerant and will continue even further south in search of

warmer climes. At this point, many of the migrating bird flocks are barely halfway

along

their

southward

journey.

Ahead

of

them

lies

a

new

challenge,

China’s

greatest river, the Yangtze, and the venue for a very different kind of migration.

Each year, millions of tons of cargo travel up and down the river, making this one

of the busiest waterways in the world. These are Chinese mitten crabs, named for

their strange hairy

claws.

They

may

migrate as

much

as 1500

kilometers

from

tributaries and lakes to the river mouth, where they gather to breed. A similar

migration is made by the giant Yangtze sturgeon, which can reach four metres

long and weigh half a ton. In recent years, its numbers have declined dramatically

as its migration is

impede

d by ever more river dams. But it isn't just animals like

the

sturgeon

that

are

in

trouble,

the

entire

Yangtze

River

ecosystem

is

being

poisoned. In spite of being the subject of an ambitious clean-up plan, today the

river is reckoned to be the biggest single source of pollution entering the Pacific

Ocean. Situated right at the mouth of its estuary,Chongming Island provides a

vital resting and feeding spot for migrating shorebirds, and a place which offers

welcome

evidence

of

changing

attitudes

towards

the

Yangtze's

beleaguered

wildlife.

For

centuries

these

coastal

mudflats

have

attracted

hunters,

like

Mr

Jin,who have

honed

their trapping skills to perfection to put rare birds on the

tables of Shanghai's elite. For 40 years Mr Jin has used a net, simple decoy birds

5

and

a

bamboo

whistle

to

lure

passing

birds

towards

his

nets.

It

takes

both

patience and consummate skill.

But,

all

is

not

as

it

seams’

Jin,

like

many

of

the

best

conservationists,

is

poacher turned gamekeeper, using his hunting skills to benefit his old quarry. The

staff

here

at

Dunstan

Bird

Reserve

will

measure,

ring

and

weigh

the

trapped

birds before releasing them unharmed. The information gathered by Mr Jin and

his colleagues helps to protect over

different species of birds which visit the

island each year. Just south of Chongqing Island lies China's largest coastal city,

ed

on

a

major

migration

route

for

birds

as

well

as

river

life,Shanghai

is

now

preparing

for

an

even

bigger

loaded

with

building

materials

constantly

arrive

in

the

city's

docks,feeding

one

of

the

greatest construction booms in the world. Last year, half the world's concrete

was poured into China's cities, all in preparation for the biggest mass migration of

people in the history of the world. In the next 25 years, well over 300 million

people

are

predicted

to

move

from

rural

China

into

cities

like

migration of people from country to

city’s

being

mirror

ed around the world, and

by

over

half

of

the

world's

population

will

be

urban

dwellers.

As

night

falls,

Shanghai reveals its true 's fastest- growing financial

centre’s

in the

midst

of

a

massive

an

estimated

population

of

more

than

20

million,Shanghai

is

officially

China's

large

stand

certainly

its

most

dazzling

there is an environmental ai residents now use two and a half

times more power per head than their rural cousins.

The city's seemingly

insatiable

energy demands currently require the output of

power

stations.

South

of

Shanghai

the

city

lights

gradually

fades

we

enter

an

ancient world. This is Fujian Province, a rugged terrain guarded by sheer granite

mountains which have helped to forge and preserve some of China's most ancient

sites

and

traditional

cultures.

Towering

above

the

coast,

the

1400-meter-high

Tami Mountains are known to the Chinese as

Sea”. Moist

sea

breezes condense on the cool mountaintops and combine with well-drained acid

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