-
manual
transmission
reverse
idler
gears
gear
ratios
drive
shaft
clutch
plate
differential
universal
joint
coil
spring
pressure
plate
synchronizer
手动传动反向怠速齿轮
齿轮比率驱动轴
抓板差
通用关节线圈弹簧
压力板同步器
1.
When
you
lift
the
clutch
pedal,
springs
force
the
pressure
plate
and
clutch
plate
against
the
flywheel.
2.
The
drive
shafts
are
usually
hollow
in
order
to
weigh
less,
but
of
a
large
diamet
er
so
that
they
are
strong.
3.
Although
there
are
many
types
of
clutch,
the
dry
single
plate
type
of
traction
clu
tch
is
used
almost
exclusively
in
passenger
cars.
4.
The
pressure
on
driven
disk
fitted
onto
the
splined
portion
of
shaft
is
provided
b
y
springs
installed
between
the
housing
and
pressure
driving
disks.
1.
当你提起离合器踏
板时，弹簧会将压力板和离合器板用力压在飞轮上。
2.
驱动轴通常是中空的，以便重量更小，但直径大，使他们是强大的。
3.
虽然离合器有多种类型，但干式单板式牵引离合器几乎只在
客车上使用。
4.
驱动盘上安装在轴
的夹板部分上的压力由弹簧提供，
它安装在壳体和压力驱动
盘之
间。
5.
The
universal
joint
or
U-joints
is
used
to
connect
the
drive
shaft
to
the
transmiss
ion
output
shaft
and
the
differential
pinion
gear
shaft.
6.
It
will
have
a
strong
impact
when
the
spinning
engine
connects
the
stationary
tr
ansmission.
7.
The
clutch
is
a
device
which
is
designed
to
connect
and
disconnect
the
engine
a
nd
the
transmission.
8.
There
is
no
clutch
when
the
automobile
equip
automatic
transmission.
9.
In
a
car,
you
need
a
clutch
because
the
engine
spins
all
the
time,
but
the
car's
wheels
do
not.
5.
万向节或万向节用于将传动轴连接到传动输出轴和差动齿轮轴。
6.
当旋转的发动机连接固定的传动
装置时，它会产生强烈的冲击。
7.
离合器是一种用来连接和断开发动机和传动装置的装置。
8.
汽车安装自动变速器时没有离合器。
9.
在汽车中，
你需要一个离合器，
因
为发动机一直在旋转，
但汽车的轮子却不是。
10.
In
order
to
stop
without
killing
the
engine,
the
wheels
need
to
be
disconnected
from
the
engine
somehow.
11.
The
clutch
allows
us
to
smoothly
engage
a
spinning
engine
to
a
non-spinning
tr
ansmission
by
controlling
the
slippage
between
them.
10.
为了不使发动机熄
火，车轮需要以某种方式与发动机断开连接。
11.
离合器通过控制旋转发动机之间的滑动，使我们能够将旋转发动机平稳地连
接到非旋转传动装置上。
2
12.
In
its
operating
position
in
the
engine
and
transmission
linkup,
the
clutch
disc
i
s
sandwiched
between
the
engine
flywheel
and
clutch
pressure
plate.
13.
The
clutch
is
a
device
used
to
provide
smooth
engagement
and
disengagement
of
engine
and
transmission.
14.
Every
vehicle
has
an
engine
which
provides
the
starting
power,
but
the
engine
develops
little
power
or
torque
at
low
rpm,
and
must
gain
speed
before
it
moves
a
vehicle.
15.
If
the
rapidly
rotating
engine
was
suddenly
connected
to
the
driveline
of
a
stati
onary
vehicle,
the
engagement
would
not
be
soft.
12 .
在发动机和变速器连接的工作位置，
< br>离合器盘夹在发动机飞轮和离合器压盘
之间。
13
.
离合器是用于提供发动机和变速器的平滑接合和分离的装置。
14 .
每辆车都有一个提供起动动力的发动机，
但发动机在低转速下产生的动力或
扭矩很小，必须在移动车辆之前获得速度。
15
。如果快速旋转的发动机突然连
接到静止车辆的传动系，则接合将不是软的。
16.
Power
output
by
the
clutch
is
mainly
driven
by
the
formation
of
tangency
betw
een
one
or
more
drive
components
connected
to
the
engine
crankshaft
and
others
connected
to
the
power
input
shaft.
17.
The
spring
evenly
distributed
between
the
circumferences
of
the
pressure
plate
clamps
the
clutch
disc
between
the
flywheel
and
pressure
plate.
Translation
Lesson
4
18.
All
automotive
clutches
are
very
similar
in
construction,
only
different
in
the
det
ails
of
the
pressure-
plate
assemblies
and
the
separation.
19.
The
lubrication
system
is
composed
of
oil
pan,
oil
pump,
oil
filters,
oil
pressure
regulators,
oil
coolers
and
oil
sensors.
20.
The
combustion
chamber
is
formed
by
cylinder
wall,
cylinder
head
and
piston.
21.
The
engine
ECU
calculates
the
optimum
fuel
injection
volume,
and
causes
the
i
njectors
to
inject
the
fuel.
22.
A
transmission
is
a
speed
and
power
changing
device
installed
at
some
point
b
etween
the
engine
and
driving
wheels
of
the
vehicle.
16 .
离合器输出的动力主要通过连接到发动机曲轴的一个或多个驱动部件与连
接到动力输入轴的其它驱动部件之间形成相切来驱动。
17 .
均匀分布在压盘圆周之间的弹簧将离合器盘夹在飞轮和
压盘之间。
翻译第四课
18 .
所有汽车离合器的结构都非常相似，只是压盘组件和分
离的细节不同。
19
。润滑系统由油
底壳、油泵、机油滤清器、机油压力调节器、机油冷却器和机
油传感器组成。
20
。燃烧室由气缸壁、气缸盖和活塞组成。<
/p>
21 .
发动机
ECU
计算最佳燃料喷射量，并使喷射器喷射燃料。
22 .
变速器是安装在车辆的发动机和驱动轮之间的某点处的
速度和动力改变装
置。
3
21
．
A
transmission
is
a
speed
and
power
changing
device
installed
at
some
point
b
etween
the
engine
and
driving
wheels
of
the
vehicle.
22.
Two
types
of
transmission
are
the
manual
and
the
automatic.
23.
The
manual
transmission
consists
of
housing,
an
input
shaft
and
gear,
an
outpu
t
shaft
and
gear,
a
counter
shaft,
a
reverse
gear,
a
cluster
of
gears
and
a
gear
shi
ft
mechanism.
24.
Most
automobile
manual
transmissions
allow
the
driver
to
select
any
forward
ge
ar
at
any
time,
but
some,
such
as
those
commonly
mounted
on
motorcycles
and
so
me
types
of
racing
cars,
only
allow
the
driver
to
select
the
next-higher
or
next-lowe
r
gear
ratio.
25.
Manual
transmissions
are
characterized
by
gear
ratios
that
are
selectable
by
lock
ing
selected
gear
pairs
to
the
output
shaft
inside
the
transmission.
26.
Contemporary
automotive
manual
transmissions
are
generally
available
with
four
to
six
forward
gears
and
one
reverse
gear,
although
manual
transmissions
have
be
en
built
with
as
few
as
two
and
as
many
as
eight
gears.
27.
The
transmission
is
designed
for
changing
the
torque
transmitted
from
the
engi
ne
crankshaft
to
the
propeller
shaft,
reversing
the
vehicle
movement
and
disengagin
g
the
engine
from
the
drive
line
for
a
long
time
at
parking
or
coasting.
28.
The
idler
shaft
gear
and
the
driving
gear
are
in
constant
mesh.
29.
The
gear
shift
mechanism
completes
the
conversion
among
forward,
neutral
and
reverse
position
to
change
gearing.
21 .
变速器是安装在车辆的发动机和驱动轮之间的某点处的
速度和动力改变装
置。
22
.
两种类型的变速器是手动变速器和自动变速器。
23 .
手动变速器由壳体、输入轴和齿轮、输出轴和齿轮、副
轴、倒档、齿轮组和
换档机构组成。
24 .
大多数汽车手动变速器允许驾驶员在任何时候选择任何
前进档，但是一些，
例如通常安装在摩托车和某些类型的赛车上的那些，
仅允许驾驶员选择下一个更
高或下一个更低的传动比。
25 .
手动变速器的特征在于通过将所选齿轮对锁定到变速器
内部的输出轴上来
选择传动比。
26
.
现代汽车手动变速器通常具有四至六个前进档和一个倒档，
尽
管手动变速器
已经构造成具有少至两个和多至八个档位。
27 .
变速器设计用于改变从发动机曲轴传递到传动轴的扭矩
，
逆转车辆运动，
并
在停车或滑行时长
时间地使发动机与驱动管路分离。
28
.
惰轮轴齿轮与主动齿轮始终啮合。
29
.
换档机构完成前进档、空档和倒档之间的转换，以改变档位。
4
31.
Automatic
transmission
is
easy
to
manipulate
in
a
crowded
vehicle,
they
can
gre
atly
improve
traffic
safety
and
reliability
32.
The
torque
converter
can
change
the
twisting
motion
of
the
engine
crankshaft.
33.
An
automatic
transmission
is
an
automobile
gearbox
that
can
change
gear
ratios
automatically
as
the
vehicle
moves,
freeing
the
driver
from
having
to
shift
gears
m
anually.
34.
Most
automatic
transmissions
have
a
set
selection
of
possible
gear
ranges,
often
with
a
parking
pawl
feature
that
will
lock
the
output
shaft
of
the
transmission.
35.
Some
machines
with
limited
speed
ranges
or
fixed
engine
speeds,
such
as
som
e
forklift
trucks
and
lawn
mowers,
only
use
a
torque
converter
to
provide
a
variable
gearing
of
the
engine
to
the
wheels.
36.
The
automatic
transmission
consists
of
hydraulic
torque
converter,
planetary
gea
r
sets
and
hydraulic
control
sets.
37.
Located
in
front
of
the
turbine,
the
locking
clutch
of
the
hydraulic
torque
conve
rter
consists
of
locking
piston,
shock
absorbers
and
turbine
drive
plate.
38.
The
final
drive
depends
on
the
gear
wheel
with
less
number
of
teeth
driving
th
e
other
one
with
more
teeth
to
achieve
retardment.
39.
In
order
to
meet
different
requirements
of
the
application,
the
structures
of
fina
l
drive
are
different.
40.
Apart
from
some
medium
and
heavy
vehicles
which
require
of
large
transmissio
n
ratio
using
two-
stage
main
reducer,
the
general
micro-,
light
and
some
medium
o
nes
usually
adopt
the
single-
stage
main
reducer.
41.
In
the
automotive
transmission
and
other
systems,
in
order
to
achieve
a
numbe
r
of
axes
intersection,
or
relative
position
of
constantly
changing
between
the
power
transmissions
shafts,
universal
drive
must
be
used.
42.
Universal
drive
normally
consists
of
the
universal
joints,
drive
shaft
and
support.
43.
Universal
joints
are
angulating
mechanical
power
transmission
for
the
need
to
c
hange
the
direction
of
shaft
line
position.
drive
shaft
has
to
withstand
the
torsional
stresses
of
the
transmitting
torque,
and
yet
it
must
be
light
and
well
balanced
so
that
vibration
and
whip
will
not
occ
ur
at
high
speeds.
45.
In
a
front-wheel-drive
automobile,
there
are
two
constant-
velocity
joints
in
each
half
axle.
46.
The
cross-
axis
rigid
joints’
advantage
is
simpleness
of
structure
and
high
efficien
cy
of
transmission.
But
it
can
not
transmit
constant-angular-velocity
rotation
when
t
he
angle
between
the
shafts
is
not
zero.
47.
The
running
gear
of
the
modern
automobile
consists
of
the
frame,
the
wheels
a
nd
tires,
and
the
equipment
that
holds
them
together.
48.
The
frame
is
a
load
carrying
beam
structure
consisting
of
two
side
rails,
and
se
veral
cross
members.
49.
Suspension
system
has
two
basic
functions,
to
keep
car's
wheels
in
firm
contact
with
the
road
and
to
provide
a
comfortable
ride
for
the
passengers.
50.
The
differential
is
an
important
assembly
to
let
each
road
wheel
turn
at
its
own
speed
when
it
is
necessary.
51.
The
tires
and
wheels
must
support
the
vehicle
weight
firstly.
The
tires
are
also
required
to
change
the
vehicle
direction
while
the
vehicle
is
in
motion.
31 .
自动变速器在拥挤的车辆中易于操纵，可以大大提高交
通安全和可靠性
32
.
变矩器可以改变发动机曲轴的扭转运动。
33 .
自动变速器是一种汽车变速箱，
它可以随着车辆的移动自动改变传动比，
使
驾驶员不必手动换
档。
34 .
大多数自动变速器具有
一组可能的档位选择，
通常具有锁定变速器输出轴的
驻车棘爪特
征。
35 .
一些具有有限速度范围
或固定发动机速度的机器，例如一些叉车和割草机，
仅使用变矩器来提供发动机到车轮的
可变传动装置。
36
.
自动变速器由液力变矩器、行星齿轮组和液压控制组组成。
37 .
液力变矩器锁止离合器位于涡轮前部，
由锁止活塞、
减振器和涡轮驱动板组
成。
38 .
主减速器依靠较少齿数的齿轮驱动较多齿
数的另一个齿轮以实现减速。
39
.
为了满足不同的应用要求，主减速器的结构也不同。
40
。
除了一些要求大传动比的中重型车辆采
用两级主减速器外，
一般的微型、
轻
型
和一些中型车辆通常采用单级主减速器。
41 .
在汽车变速器和其它系统中，
为了实现多个轴线相交，
或者动力传动轴之间
的相对位置不断变化，必须使用通用驱动装置。
42
.
万向传动通常由万向节、传动轴和支架组成。
43 .
万向节是机械动力传递成角度的，用于需要改变轴线方
向的位置。
44 .
驱动轴必须承受
传递扭矩的扭转应力，
但它必须重量轻且平衡良好，
从而不
会在高速下发生振动和抖动。
45
.
在前轮驱动汽车中，每个半轴上有两个等速万向节。
46 .
建议。本发明的优点是结构简单，传动效率高。但当轴
间夹角不为零时，它
不能传递恒定角速度旋转。
47 .
现代汽车的行走装置由车架、
车轮和轮胎以及将它们固定在一起的设备组成。
48 .fr
ame
是一种承重梁结构，由两根侧梁和若干横梁组成。
49 .
委员会。
悬架系统具有两个基
本功能，
即保持车轮与路面的牢固接触和为乘
客提供舒适的乘坐
体验。
50
。差速器是一个重要的总
成，在必要时可以让每个车轮以自己的速度转动。
51 .<
/p>
轮胎和车轮必须首先支撑车辆重量。
还要求轮胎在车辆运动时改变
车辆方向。
5
fuel
tank
footboard
cross
member
heavy-duty
vehicle
side
rail
running
gear
leaf
spring
front
bumper
fender
torsion
bars
52.
Most
suspensions
use
springs
to
absorb
impacts
and
dampers
(or
shock
absorbe
rs)
to
control
spring
motions.