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英语国际音标的讲解及练习
Lesson 1
⑴
前元音:
[i:] [i] [e]
[?]
前元音发音要领:
舌尖抵下齿
,舌前部向硬颚抬起,双唇不要收圆。
[i:]
①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部尽量向硬颚抬起。②嘴唇向两旁伸开,成扁平形。
<
/p>
注意:
[i:]
是长元音,发
长元音
时要比发短元音
长两倍
以上。
She tea easy teach
sleep agree three weeks, green tea, team
leaders
Seeing is believing.
Jean is as busy as a bee.
[i]
①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬颚
抬起,比
[i:]
低
,
比
[e]
高。②唇形扁平,牙床开
得比
[i:]
宽,比
[e]
窄。③可从发
[i:]
出发,将小指尖放在上
下齿之间,舌前
部也随之稍稍下降,即可发出
[i]
。
It this pig city
coffee begin a
big
ship,
bit
by
bit,
little
by
litte
A little
learning is a dangerous thing.
His six-year old sister is as fit as a
fiddle.
[e]
①舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起,比
[i:]
低。②
唇形中常,牙床开得比
[i:]
宽,
上
下齿间可容纳一个食指。
Egg else dress
best again energy seven beds, ten
desks, the next lessen
Let
’
s get ready
for the test.
All
’
s well that
ends well.
[?]
①舌尖抵下齿。
②双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平形,两齿间可以容纳食指和中指。
And as bag
lamp
catch happen a
happy
man,
a
happy
family,
hand
in
hand,
caps
and
cats
Harry has a happy
family in Canada.
The rat is
running on a narrow track.
⑵
爆破辅音:
[p] [b] [t] [d] [k]
[g]
爆破音发音要领:
[p] [t] [k]
是清辅音,发音时声带
不
振动,送气要强。
[b] [d] [g]
是浊辅音,发音时声带
必须
振动,送气要强。
[p]
[b]
双唇紧闭,然后突然分开,气流冲出口腔。
[t] [d]
舌尖紧贴上齿龈,形成阻碍,然后突然下降,气
流冲出口腔。
[k] [g]
舌后部
隆起,紧贴软颚,形成阻碍,然后突然离开,气流冲出口腔。
⑶发音练习:
b[bi:] d[di:]
e[i:]
Lesson 2
⑴
后元音:
[
ɑ
:] [?] [?:] [u]
[u:]
后元音发音要领:
①舌尖<
/p>
不
触下齿,舌身后缩,舌后部向软颚抬起,除
[
ɑ
:]
外,
双唇要收圆。
②发
[
ɑ
:][?:][u:]
时要注意长度,不要发得
太短。
[
ɑ
:]
舌尖不触下齿,口张大,舌身平放后缩。
Art
army
star
father
garden tomato a
large
car,
half
a
jar,
after
the
bath
I like to pass through the garden
park.
Far from eye, far from
heart.
[?]
①舌尖不触下齿,口张大,舌身尽量降低并后缩。②双唇稍稍收圆。③可先发
[
ɑ
:]
,然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩,
双唇稍稍收圆(不要突出)即可发出
[?]
。
< br>
On off hot want doctor foreign
cotton socks, borrow a
clock, a pocket
watch
The coffee is top
quality.
When the shop was
robbed, everybody was shocked.
[?:]
①舌后部比发
[?]
时抬得略高。②双唇也收得更圆更小,并须用力向前突出。
Always or
law
before caused
daughter all
in
all,
more
and more, a short story
Paul
’
s four and
can walk and talk.
The storm
draws near---we ought to go indoors.
[u]
①舌尖不触下齿
,
< br>舌后部向软颚抬起
,
舌身后缩。
②双唇收圆,稍向前突出。
Full
look wood foot woman sugar push and pull, good
books, by hook or by
crook
The cook cooks good food.
The woman stood for as long as she
could.
[u:]
双唇比发
[u]
时收得更圆更小,向前突出,舌后
部比发
[u]
时抬得更高。
To
who
lose
group
music
fruit
a
blue
balloon,
an
afternoon
in
June,
huge
rooms
The news is
too good to be true.
That
rule is useful once in a blue moon.
⑵
摩擦辅音:
[f] [v]
[
s
] [z] [?] [?]
[
?
] [e]
摩擦音发音要领:
[f] [s]
[?] [?]
是清辅音,发音时声带
不
振动。
[v] [z]
[?] [e]
是浊辅音,发音时声带
必须
振动。
< br>发摩擦音时必须注意:
①软颚抬起,
堵住到鼻腔的通道,
但口腔通道不完全
阻塞,
留有窄小空隙
,
气流从中泄出时摩擦或振动成音。
②摩擦音可以
延长而发音器官位置不变。
[f]
[v]
下唇轻触上齿,气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过,摩擦成音。
[s]
[z]
舌端及舌尖靠近上齿龈,但不接触,上下齿靠拢,但不
要咬住,气流由舌
端与上齿龈之间逸出,摩擦成音。
[?]
[?]
舌尖和舌端抬向上齿龈
较后部分,舌身两侧紧贴上颚,中央形成一条狭长的
通道,上下齿靠拢或靠近,但不要咬
住,气流由舌端与上齿龈较后部分之
间逸出,摩擦成音。
[?]
[e]
舌尖轻触上齿背,气流由舌齿间的窄小缝隙逸出,摩擦成音。
⑶
发音练习:
c[si:] f[ef]
good[gud] too[tu:] this[eis]
is[is]
these [ei:z] cat[k?t]
dog[d?g] it[it]
Lesson
3
⑴
中元音:
[?] [?:] [?]
中元音发音要领:
舌尖抵住下齿,
但不
如发前元音时抵得那样紧。
舌身的中部
隆起,扁
唇(
双唇不要收圆)
。
p>
[?:]
①舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起。②牙床开得较窗窄,双唇和发
[i:]
时相似。
③注意长度,不要发得太短。
Her
girl first turn work prefer a dirty shirt, the
third world, the
worst
person
The German girl
prefers a purple shirt to a blue one.
The early bird catches the
worm.
[?]
①舌中部抬起。②牙床半开半合,唇形扁或中常。③这个音和汉语普通话轻声
的
“么(
me
)
”及
“了
(le)
”中的短促元音“
e
”相似,但英语的
[?]
在词末时
发音比普通话的“
e
”长。
About
polite
forget
river
woman
potato
bread
and
butter, salt and pepper,
again and again
The teachers
will get together tomorrow.
Do you prefer the cinema or
theatre?
[?]
①舌中部稍抬起。②开口程度和
[?]
相似,唇
形扁。
③从元音
[?]
出发,将圆唇改为扁唇,即可发出
[?]
。
Up under cut does young enough
much money, lucky in love, just for fun
Well begun is half done.
Mother told the funny story just for
fun.
⑵
破擦音:
[tr] [dr]
[
?
] [?] [?] [?]
破擦音发音要领:
[tr] [?]
[?]
是清辅音,发音时声带
不
振动。
[dr] [?] [?]<
/p>
是浊辅音,发音时声带
必须
振动。
破擦音是爆破音和摩擦音的结合,<
/p>
发破擦音时必须注意:
①憋住气流的发音
器官(舌尖和上齿龈)分开得比较缓慢,而且立即跟着发一个发音部位
相似的摩擦音。②
发破擦音时,先形成阻碍,在解除阻碍的同时舌尖向
摩擦音的部位滑动,发出摩擦音。但
这两步动作是紧密相连的,由一次
送气来完成,不可发出两个独立的音。
[?]
[?]
软颚抬起,舌身形成发
[?]
音的姿势,但舌尖和舌端抵住上齿龈,形成阻碍。
气流冲破这个阻碍后,舌和齿龈间仍保持一个狭小的缝隙,发出摩擦的声音。
[tr]
[dr]
软颚抬起,舌身作发
[r]
音的姿势,但舌尖抵上齿龈后部,以形成阻碍。
气流冲破这个阻
碍发出短促的
[t]
后立即发
[r]<
/p>
。
[?] [?]
舌端贴住上齿龈,堵住气流,然后略为下降,气流随之泄出口腔。
⑶
发音练习:
g[?i:] p[pi:]
r[
ɑ:]
s[es]
t[ti:]
she[?i:]
sister[?sist?]
Lesson
4
⑴
合口双元音:
[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u]
[au]
双元音发音要领:
①由两个
元音组成,
发音时由第一个向第二个元音的部位滑动,
但不完全
到达第二个元音的部位。
发音过程中
唇形、
舌位及牙床
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