-
动词不定式用法解析及练习题
动词不定式在中
学英语中应用非常广泛，一方面在句中可起名词、形
容
词或副词的作用，同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾
<
/p>
语补
足语。动词不定式的形式一般是
to
+
动词原形，但
to
< br>有时要省去。
而动
词不定式在
具体运用时用不用
to,
取决于谓语动词的用法。现就
以下几
方而介绍如下。
一、不定式结构
1.
带
to
的不定式结构
能直接跟带
to
的不定式结构的动词主要有
:
want, ask, tell, hope,
learn,try,
decide, forget, remember, like, love,
stop, go, come
等。女口
:
1 want to go
to the
movies with
you.
我想跟你一起去看电影。
Don't forget to turn off the light
before you leave.
在你离开之前别忘了
关
灯。
注意
:
动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加
< br>not,
即
not to do sth.o
如：
Dave told me
not to wake up
Kate.
大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。
2.
不带
t
o
的不定式结构
以下几种情况使用不
带
to
的动词不定式：
⑴在固定词组
had
better
之后。注意
:
had
better
的否定形式是
hadbetter not do sth.o
女
0: You had better go home
now.
你最好现在回家。
It's cold
outside. You'd
better not go
out.
外面很冷，你最好不要出去。
⑵在
let, make, see, feel,
watch, hear
等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带
to
的
动词不定式作宾语补足语。女山
I made them give me the money
back.
我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn't see you come
in.
我没看见你进来。
1/16
⑶在引导疑问句的
why
not
之后。
Why not+
不带<
/p>
to
的不定式是
Why
don'tyou
do
的省略，可以用来提出建议或劝告。如：
Why not study with
us?
为什么不和我们一起学呢？
Why not take a holiday?=Why don't you
take aholiday?
为什么不休个假
呢？
⑷不定式动词在介词
but, except,
besides
后面时，如这些介词前有实
< br>义
动词
do
的各种形式，则后接
不带
to
的不定式，否则带
too
如：
I have no choice
but to accept the
fact.
除了接受这个事实我别无选择。
What do you like to do besides swim?
除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？
(5)
为
了
避免重复
,
不定式可省去
to
。如：
I'm really puzzled what to think or
say.
对丁?想什么或说什么，我真的很
困惑。
二、
不定式的时态
不定式常用的时态有一
般时、完成时、进行时和完成进行时四种，常
用
的为前三种。
1.
一般时
动词不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的
动作同时发生或在之后发生。女山
I plan to attend the
meeting.
我计划参加这次会议。
2.
完成时
不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
如
:1
am sorry to have kept you
waiting.
很抱歉让你久等了。
3.
进行时
不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发
生。
如
:
They are said to be working
hard.
据说他们工作得很努力。
2/16
4.
完成进行时
不定式的完成进行式表示
不定式的动作在谓语动词之前己经发生，并
且
一直进行着。女口：
He is said to have been working in that
factory for
twelveyears.
据说他已
在那家工厂工作
12
年了。
三、
动词不定式在句中的作用
1.
作主语
如
:
To live is to
work.
生活就是工作。
To
save time is to lengthen
life.
节约时间就等于延长了人的生命。
不定式
结构作主语时，现代英语倾向于采用
it
作形式主语，而把不定式
结构后
置的形式。如：
It is important for students to study
English.
学好英语对学生来说是很
重要
的。
2.
作定语
(2)
不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。如
：
I have nothing to say on
this question.
对这个问题我无可奉告。
(2)
如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。如：
Give me a piece of paper to
write on.
给我一张纸写字。
⑶有些名词常可用不定式作定语。如：
Our teacher had no time to think about
rest.
我们老师根本没时间考虑
休息
一下。
3.
作宾语
I wish to be a college
student.
我希望成为一名大学生。
3/16
有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语
(
宾语
+
宾语补足语
)
。如果其中的宾语是
不定
式短语，则必须将形式宾语
it
放在宾语的位置上，而将不定式
短语
(
真正的宾语
< br>)
放在宾语补足语之前。如：
I find it useful to learn English
well.
我发现学好英讯很有用。
4.
作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足
语是动词不定式用法的一个重点，学习时要注
意
以下三种情况。⑴作动词
ask,
like, tell
等的宾语补足语时，动词不定
式
符号
to
不可以省略
。如：
He asked me to talk
about English
study.
他请我谈谈英语学习。
⑵作使役动词
let, have,
make
以及感官动词
feel, hear, see,
watch
等的
宾语补足语时，动词
不定式符号
to
要省略。女口：
The teacher made him say the word like
this.
老师让他像这样说这个单
词。
(3)
作动词
help
的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号
to
可以带，也可以不
带。如
:
Could you
help me (to) carry the heavy
box?
你能帮我搬这个重
箱
子吗？
5.
作状语
动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。
⑴
作目的状语。如：
He stopped to have a
rest.
他停下来休息。
(2)
作结果状语。如：
He woke
up to find everybody
gone.
他醒来发现大家都走了。
(3)
在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等
的形容词后作原因状语。如
:l*m sorry
to hear your grandma isill.
听到你奶奶生病真遗憾。
4/16
⑷
在带有
enough
或
too
的句子里作状语，表程度。如：
He is old enough to go to
school.
他到了上学年龄了。
⑸强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用
in
order to
或
so
asto
+
动词原形
,
so as
to
不用于句首。如：
The
bus stopped so as to pick up
passengers.
公共汽车停下来以便接乘
客。
2. The teacher
told them
_________ make so much
noise
?
A.
don't
B.
not
C.
will not
D.
not
2.
Our master
often told us _______ things for
grantecLA
?
not to have
B.
not to take
C.
didn't take
D.
not to make
3.
Tell him
_
______ the window.
A.
to shut not
B.
not to shut
C.
to not shut
D.
not shut
4.
The boy wanted
to ride his bicycle in the street, but his
mothertold him
A.
not to
5/16
B.
not to do
C.
not do it
D.
do not to
5.
Mrs Smith
warned her daughter _________
a
fter drinking.A. never to
drive
B.
to never drive
C.
never driving
D.
never drive
6.
The patient was warned
_______ oily food after the
operation.A. to
eat not
B.
eating not
C.
not to eat
D.
not eating
7.
The workers
want us ________ together with
them
?
A.
work
B.
working
C.
to work
D.
worked
8.
They would not
allow him ________
across the enemy
line.A
?
going
B.
risking to go
C.
for risk to go
D.
risk going
9.
I saw him
______
out of the
room
?
6/16
A.
go
B.
had gone
C.
has gone
D.
goes
20.
They knew her
very well
?
They had seen her
_______ up
fromchildhood
?
to risk
A.
grow
B.
grew
C.
was growing
D.
to grow
11. I've heard him ________about you
often.A
?
spoke B. speaks
22. Though he had often made his little
sister
_
________ , today
hewas
made
_____
by his little sister.
A.
cry;to cry
B.
crying;crying
C.
cry;cry
D.
to cry;cry
13. He was made
_________ 4. go B. gone C. going D. to
go
24.
John was
made
_______ the truck for a week as a
punishment
?
A. to
wash
B.
washing
C.
wash
D.
to be washing
25.
Paul does n't have to be made
______
?
He
always works hard.A.
learn
7/16
B.
to learn
C.
learned
D.
I earning
26.
There're so many kinds of tape-
recorders on sale that I can'tmake up
my
A.
what
mind
to
buy.