-
SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979
[England]
英国货物买卖法
1. [Omitted]
（第一编本法所适用之合同已省略）
2. Contract of
sale
买卖合同
(1) A
contract of sale of goods is a contract by which
the seller transfers or agrees to transfer
the property in goods to the buyer for
a money consideration, called the price.
买卖合同是买方提供货币约因或称为价格，
而卖方转移或同意转移货物所有权的一种
合
同。
(2) There may be a contract of sale
between one part owner and another.
买卖合同的双方可以是财产的部分所有人与另一部分所有人。
(3) A contract of sale may
be absolute or conditional.
买卖合同分无条件买卖合同与附条件买卖合同。
(4) Where under a contract
of sale the property in the goods is transferred
from the seller to
the buyer the
contract is called a sale.
买卖合同中，货物所有权从
卖方转移至买方，这样的合同称为买卖协议。
(5) Where under a contract of sale the
transfer of the property in the goods is to take
place
at
a
future
time
or
subject
to
some
condition
later
to
be
fulfilled
the
contract
is
called
an
agreement to sell.
买卖合同中，
如果货物所有权的转移在将来的某个时间发生、
或在以后须附有某种条
件
才可以完成，则这样的合同称为出售协定。
(6) An agreement to sell
becomes a sale when the time elapses or the
conditions are fulfilled
subject to
which the property in the goods is to be
transferred.
当规定的时间已经消逝或附加的条件成就时，
且在货物所有权即时转移的情形下，
出售
协定转变为
买卖协议。
3.
Capacity to buy and sell
买卖能力
(1) Capacity to buy and sell is
regulated by the general law concerning capacity
to contract
and to transfer and acquire
property.
买卖能力以有关订立合同的能力以及转移或取得所有权的能力之一
般规定为准。
(2)
Where
necessaries
are
sold
and
delivered
to
a
minor
or
a
person
who
by
reason
of
mental
incapacity or drunkenness is incompetent to
contract, he must pay a reasonable price for
them.
将必需品出售并交付给未成年人、
智力残疾或醉酒而不能胜任订立合同之人，
买方须支
付
合理的价格。
(3) In subsection (2) above
‘necessaries’ means goods suitable to the
condition in life of
the minor or other
person concerned and to his actual requirements at
the time of the sale and
delivery.
Formalities of Contract
上述第（
2
）款中“必需品”指适用于未成年人或其他有关人员日常生活
条件的货物，
以及在出售及交付时上述人员实际需要的东西。
4. How contract of sale is
made
买卖合同如何达成
(1)
Subject to this and any other Act, a contract of
sale may be made in writing (either with
or without seal), or by word of mouth,
or partly in writing and partly by word of mouth,
or may
be implied from the conduct of
the parties.
依据本法及其他任何法律，买卖合同的形式可依书面形式（
需不需要签章均可）
，也可
依口头形式，或部分书面形式部分口
头形式，也可从当事人的行为中推断。
(2) Nothing in this section affects the
law relating to corporations
本条中的任何规定与有关法人的法律均无关系。
5. Existing or future
goods
现货或期货
(1)
The
goods
which
form
the
subject
of
a
contract
of
sale
may
be
either
existing
goods,
owned
or
possessed
by
the
seller,
or
goods
to
be
manufactured
or
acquired
by
him
after
the
making
of the contract of sale, in this Act called future
goods.
成为买卖合同标的的货物既可以是卖方所有或持有的现货，
也可是买卖合同达成后卖方
生产或取得的货物，本法称之为期货。
(2)
There
may
be
a
contract
for
the
sale
of
goods
the
acquisition
of
which
by
the
seller
depends on a contingency which may or
may not happen.
期货买卖合同的卖方能否取得货物，取决于特定的事
件是否发生。
(3) Where
by a contract of sale the seller purports to
effect a present sale of future goods,
the contract operates as an agreement
to sell the goods.
依照买卖合同，如果卖方意在实现期货的当前
买卖，该合同仍按照货物出售协定实行。
6. Goods which have
perished
已灭失物
Where
there
is
a
contract
for
the
sale
of
specific
goods,
and
the
goods
without
the
knowledge
of
the
seller
have
perished
at
the
time
when
the
contract
is
made,
the
contract
is
void.
特定物买卖合同中，如在合同订立时卖方并不知道
该货物已经灭失，则该合同无效。
7. Goods perishing before sale but
after agreement to sell
出售协定达成后、买卖协议订立前灭失的货物
Where there is an agreement
to sell specific goods and subsequently the goods,
without any
fault on the part of the
seller or buyer perish before the risk passes to
the buyer, the agreement
is avoided.
已有特定物出售协定，
但如果特定物随后在其风险尚未被移转至买方之前灭失，
且买卖
双方又均无过错的，协议无效。
The Price
价格
8. Ascertainment of
price
价格的确定
(1)
The price in a contract of sale may be fixed by
the contract, or may be left to be fixed in a
manner
agreed
by
the
contract,
or
may
be
determined
by
the
course
of
dealing
between
the
parties.
买卖合同中的价格可由合同确定，
也可留给合同所认同的其他方式确定，
或者还可以由
双方当事人在交易过程中来确定。
(2) Where the price is not determined
as mentioned in sub-section (1) above the buyer
must
pay a reasonable price.
如果价格并未依上述第
(1)
款得到确定，则买方必须支付合
理的价格。
(3) What
is a reasonable price is a question of fact
dependent on the circumstances of each
particular case.
合理价格是依特定案件中的具体情况而定的一个事实问题。
9. Agreement to sell at
valuation
以估价方式出售的协议
(1) Where there is an agreement to sell
goods on the terms that the price is to be fixed
by
the valuation of a third party, and
he cannot or does not make the valuation, the
agreement is
avoided; but if the goods
or any part of them have been delivered to and
appropriated by the
buyer he must pay a
reasonable price for them.
当出售货物的协定中约定价
格依第三方估价确定，
而第三方不能或作不出估价时，
该协
议无效；
但是如果全部货物或一部分货物已交付给买方并被买方占用
时，
买方必须为这些货
物支付合理的价格。
(2) Where the third
party is prevented from making the valuation by
the fault of the seller or
buyer, the
party not at fault may maintain an action for
damages against the party at fault.
当第三
方由于买方或卖方的过错而被阻止不能做出估价时，
无过错方可提出诉讼向有过
错方主张损害赔偿。
Conditions and
warranties
默示条款等
10. Stipulations about
time
关于时间的规定
(1)
Unless
a
different
intention
appears
from
the
terms
of
the
contract,
stipulations
as
to
time of
payment are not of the essence of a contract of
sale.
付款时间的规定不构成买卖合同的要件，除非合同条款中表示了相反的意思
。
(2)
Whether
any
other
stipulation
as
to
time
is
or
is
not
of
the
essence
of
the
contract
depends on the terms of the contract. <
/p>
（除付款时间规定外的）其它时间规定是否构成合同的要件，取决于合同的条款。
(3) In a contract
of sale “month” prima facie means calendar
month.
买卖合同中的“月”按表面意思为日历中的一个月。
11. When condition to be
treated as
warranty
条件条款被视为担保条款
(1) Subsections (2) to (4) and (7)
below do not apply to Scotland and subsection (5)
below
applies only to Scotland.
本条规定不适用于苏格兰。
(2)
Where a contract of sale is subject to a condition
to be fulfilled by the seller the buyer
may
waive
the
condition,
or
may
elect
to
treat
the
breach
of
the
condition
as
a
breach
of
warranty and not as a ground for
treating the contract as repudiated.
在买
卖合同从属于卖方成就某一合同条件时，
买方可以放弃这一合同条件，
< br>也可决定将
违反合同条件条款视为违反合同担保条款，而不将之视为拒绝履行合同
义务的理由。
(3)
Whether a stipulation in a contract of sale is a
condition, the breach of which may give
rise to a right to treat the contract
as repudiated, or a warranty, the breach of which
may give rise
to a claim for damages
but not a right to reject the goods and treat the
contract as repudiated,
depends in each
case on the construction of the contract; and a
stipulation may be a condition,
although called a warranty in the
contract.
无论买卖合同的规定是条件条款（违之将导致拒绝履行合同）
，还是担保条款（违之将
导致向对方主张损害赔偿，但无权拒收货物
，并视对方拒绝履行合同义务）
，在具体案例中
要根据对合同的
解释做出判断是条件条款还是担保条款；
某一规定可能是条件条款，
尽管它
在合同中被称作担保条款。
(4) Where a contract of
sale is not severable and the buyer has accepted
the goods or part
of them, the breach
of a condition to be fulfilled by the seller can
only be treated as a breach of
warranty, and not as a ground for
rejecting the goods and treating the contract as
repudiated,
unless there is an express
or implied term of the contract to that effect.
依下列
35A
条不可分开的买卖合同，如果
买方已经接受全部或部分货物，卖方违反应
由其成就的条件条款只能被视为违反了担保条
款，
不得将之作为拒绝货物的理由而否认合同
有效，除非另有明
示或默示的合同条款对此做出了规定。
(5) In Scotland, failure by the seller
to perform any material part of a contract of sale
is
a breach of contract, which entitles
the buyer either within a reasonable time after
delivery to
reject the goods and treat
the contract as repudiated, or to retain the goods
and treat the failure
to perform such
material part as a breach which may give rise to a
claim for compensation or
damages.
(6) Nothing in this section affects a
condition or warranty whose fulfilment is excused
by law
by reason of impossibility or
otherwise.
本条中任何规定不影响法律免除的、
由
于合同的履行不能或其它原因所导致的条件条款
或担保条款的成就不能。
12. Implied terms about title, etc.
所有权默示条款等
(1) In a
contract of sale, other than one to which
subsection (3) below applies, there is an
implied condition on the part of the
seller that in the case of a sale he has the right
to sell the
goods, and in the case of an agreement
to sell he will have such a right at the time when
the
property is to pass.
在买卖
合同中，除下面第（
3
）款适用的一种合同之外，货物交易时的
卖方承担一项默
示条款，
卖方须拥有销售货物的权利，
同样，
在出售协定中，
卖方在所有权转让时须拥
有
（出
售货物）这项权利。
(2) In a contract of sale,
other than one to which subsection (3) below
applies, there is also
an implied
warranty that-
在买卖合同中，除下面第（
3
）款适用的一种合同之外，还包含一项默示条款
(a) the goods are free, and
will remain free until the time when the property
is to pass, from
any charge or
encumbrance not disclosed or known to the buyer
before the contract is made,
and
货物在直到所有权转移之前，
不应设定且一直不应设定任何在订约前未向买方
披露或买
方不知情的担保或负担。
(b) the buyer will enjoy quiet
possession of the goods except so far as it may be
disturbed by
the owner or other person
entitled to the benefit of any charge or
encumbrance so disclosed or
known.
买方应能安稳地占有货物，
除非受到所有人或其他已披露或已知的任何担
保或负担权益
人妨碍。
(3) This subsection applies to a
contract of sale in the case of which there
appears from the
contract or is to be
inferred from its circumstances an intention that
the seller should transfer
only such
title as he or a third person may have.
本款适用于从合同能够看出、
或根据合同的情况可以推断出——卖方会只转移他或第三
人拥有的所有权这一意思的买卖合同。
(4) In a contract to which
subsection (3) above applies there is an implied
warranty that all
charges or
encumbrances known to the seller and not known to
the buyer have been disclosed to
the
buyer before the contract is made.
上述第（
3
）款所适用的合同中，有这样的一项默示条款，即所有人知晓
的而不为买方
所知的全部担保或负担在合同订立之前已经披露给了买方。
(5) In a contract to
which subsection (3) above applies there is also
an implied warranty that
none of the
following will disturb the buyer’s quiet
possession of the goods, namely
-
上述第（
3
）款所适用的合同中，还有这样的一项默
示条款，即下列三者均不会妨碍买
方安稳地占有货物，这三者是：
(a) the
seller
卖方；
(b)
in
a
case
where
the
parties
to
the
contract
intend
that
the
seller
should
transfer
only
such title as a third person may have,
that person
合同的当事人认为卖方应当只转移第三人应拥有的所有权，这
时的第三人。
(c) anyone claiming through
or under the seller or that third person otherwise
than under a
charge or encumbrance
disclosed or known to the buyer before the
contract is made.
任何通过卖方或从卖方处主张权利之人，
或其他非在合同订立之前已经披露给了买方或
为买方知晓的担保或负担
之第三人。
13. Sale by
description
凭说明进行的货物买卖
(1)
Where
there
is
a
contract
for
the
sale
of
goods
by
description,
there
is
an
implied
condition that the goods will
correspond with the description.
在凭说明进行
的货物买卖中，包含有这样一项默示条件——即货物应与说明相符。
(2) If the sale is by
sample as well as by description it is not
sufficient that the bulk of the
goods
corresponds with the sample if the goods do not
also correspond with the description.
在
既凭样品又凭说明进行的货物买卖中，
如果货物和说明不相符，
则整批货物与样品也
不构成充分相符。
(3) A sale of goods is not
prevented from being a sale by description by
reason only that,
being exposed for
sale or hire, they are selected by the buyer.
货物的买卖可以是凭说明进行的货物买卖，
因为对于将要销售或租赁的货
物而言，
买方
可以选择以何种方式购买它们。
< br>
14. Implied terms about
quality or fitness
品质及适用性默示条款
(1)
Except
as
provided
by
this
section
and
section
15
below
and
subject
to
any
other
enactment,
there
is
no
implied
condition
or
warranty
about
the
quality
or
fitness
for
any
particular purpose of goods supplied
under a contract of sale.
除本条及以下第
15
条规定，以及依据其他规定外，再无其它关于品质或适用性默示条
款，以满足本买卖合同下货物之特殊目的。
(2) Where the seller sells goods in the
course of a business, there is an implied
condition
that the goods supplied under
the contract are of merchantable quality, except
that there is no
such condition-
卖方在商业经营过程中出售货物的，
包含有这样一项默示要件——即在合同下
提供的货
物须具有令人满意的品质。
(a)
as
regards
defects
specifically
drawn
to
the
buyer’s
attention
before
the
contract
is
made-
or
合同订立前特别引起买方注意的，
(b) if the buyer examines
the goods before the contract is made, as regards
defects which
that examination ought to
reveal.
合同订立前买方检验货物，且检验时应该暴露的，或
(3) Where the seller sells
goods in the course of a business and the buyer,
expressly or by
implication, makes
known-
卖方在商业经营过程中出售货物，买方通过明示或默示方式，使下列人士
知晓
(a) to the seller,
or
卖方，或
(b)
where
the
purchase
price
or
part
of
it
is
payable
by
instalments
and
the
goods
were
previously sold by a credit-broker to
the seller, to that credit-broker any particular
purpose for
which the goods are being
bought, there is an implied condition that the
goods supplied under
the contract are
reasonably fit for that purpose, whether or not
that is a purpose for which such
goods
are commonly supplied, except where the
circumstances show that the buyer does not rely,
or that it is unreasonable for him to
rely, on the skill or judgement of the seller or
credit-broker.
货物购买价款属于分期付款方式、
及货物先前由信用经纪人出售给卖方，
这时的信用经
纪人。
无论购买货物是否有任何特定目的，
均包含一项默示条款，
即按照合同所供给的货物
合理地适用于这一目的的，
不管其是否适合于通常提供该种货物的目的，
除非有情形表明买
方并不依赖于卖方或信用经纪人的技术或判断，
或者买方对卖方或信用经纪人的
技能或判断
产生依赖是不合理的。
(4) An implied condition or warranty
about quality or fitness for a particular purpose
may be
annexed to a contract of sale by
usage.
关于特定目的之品质或用性的默示条款可依惯例附加于买卖合同之中。<
/p>
(5) The
preceding provisions of this section apply to a
sale by a person who in the course of
a
business is acting as agent for another as they
apply to a sale by a principal in the course of a
business, except where that other is
not selling in the course of a business and either
the buyer
knows that fact or reasonable
steps are taken to bring it to the notice of the
buyer before the
contract is made.
在商业经营过程中，
代理他人所达成的买卖协议、
本人所达成的买卖协议，
共同适用上
述规定。
除非另一方不是在商业经营过程中进行销售，
或者在合同订立之前，
买方知道了事
实，或已经采取合理步骤提醒买方注意到了该事实。
(6)
Goods
of
any
kind
are
of
merchantable
quality
within
the
meaning
of
subsection
(2)
above if they are as fit for the
purpose or purposes for which goods of that kind
are commonly
bought as it is reasonable
to expect having regard to any description applied
to them, the price (if
relevant) and
all the other relevant circumstances.
Sale by
sample
凭样品买卖合同
15.
Sale by sample
凭样品买卖
(1) A contract of sale is a contract
for sale by sample where there is an express or
implied
term to that effect in the
contract.
当买卖合同包含与样品相关明示或默示的条款时，它即是凭样品买
卖合同。
(2) In the
case of a contract for sale by sample there is an
implied condition-
凭样品买卖合同中，包含有这样一项默示条款
(a) that the bulk will
correspond with the sample in quality;
卖方所交付的整批货物会与样品品质相符。
(b)
that the buyer will have a reasonable opportunity
of comparing the bulk with the sample
买方应有合理的机会将整批货物样品进行比较。
(c)
that
the
goods
will
be
free
from
any
defect,
rendering
them
unmerchantable,
which
would not be apparent on reasonable
examination of the sample.
货物不应存在使其品质不能
令人满意的瑕疵，
即在对样品的合理检验中不应有明显的瑕
疵。
(3)
In
subsection
(2)(c)
above
‘unmerchantable’
is
to
be
construed
in
accordance
with
section 14(6) above.
在英格兰，威尔士以及北爱尔兰，上述第
(2)
款默示的条款是条件条款。
Transfer of Property as
between seller and
buyer
买卖方之间所有权的转移
16. Goods must be
ascertained
货物必须确定
Where there is a contract for the sale
of unascertained goods no property in the goods is
transferred to the buyer unless and
until the goods are ascertained.
依下列第
20A
条，货物未经确定的买卖合同中，货物在直至被确定前，其所
有权不转
移给买方。
17. Property passes when intended to
pass
意图转让时的所有权转移
(1) Where there is a contract for the
sale of specific or ascertained goods the property
in
them
is
transferred
to
the
buyer
at
such
time
as
the
parties
to
the
contract
intend
it
to
be
transferred.
特
定物买卖合同或是确定的货物买卖合同中，
货物所有权转移给买方的时间按合同当事
人在合同中表达的意图确定。
(2) For the purpose of ascertaining the
intention of the parties regard shall be had to
the
terms of the contract, the conduct
of the parties and the circumstances of the case.
关于合同双方当事人的意图，
应该根据合同条款、
合同双方当事人行为以及案件具体情
况等确定。
18. Rules for ascertaining
intention
明确意图之规则
Unless a different intention appears,
the following are rules for ascertaining the
intention of
the parties as to the time
at which the property in the goods is to pass to
the buyer.
除非有相反的意思出现，
下列规则用来
确定货物所有权转移给买方时双方当事人的意图。
Rule 1
规则
1
Where there is an unconditional
contract for the sale of specific goods in a
deliverable state
the property in the
goods passes to the buyer when the contract is
made, and it is immaterial
whether the
time of payment or the time of delivery, or both,
be postponed.
凡属无条件的特定物买卖合同，
如果该物已处于可交付状态，
则货物所有权于合同订立
时转移，
而不问付款日期或交付日期（或二者兼有）是否延迟。
Rule
2
规则
2.
Where
there
is
a
contract
for
the
sale
of
specific
goods
and
the
seller
is
bound
to
do
something
to the goods for the purpose of putting them into
a deliverable state, the property
does
not pass until the thing is done and the buyer has
notice that it has been done.
凡属特定物买卖合同
，
如果卖方须完成某些行为才能使货物于可交付状态，
则货物的
所
有权在这些行为完成之后且买方已经知晓的情形下才能转移给买方。
< br>
Rule
3
规则
3.
Where there
is a contract for the sale of specific goods in a
deliverable state but the seller is
bound to weigh, measure, test or do
some other act or thing with reference to the
goods for the
purpose of ascertaining
the price, the property does not pass until the
act or thing is done and
the buyer has
notice that it has been done.
凡属特定物买卖合同
，如果该物已处于可交付状态，但是卖方必定要针对货物去称重、
测量、
检验、
或者完成其它一些涉及货物的行为才能确定货物价格时，
货物所有权直到这些
行为或事情完成之后并被买方注意到时才转移。
Rule
4
规则
4.
When
goods
are
delivered to
the
buyer
on
approval
or
on
sale
or
return
or
other
similar
terms the property in the goods passes
to the buyer:
当货物以试验买卖、
余货退回或
其他类似条款将货物交付买方时，
货物所有权转移至买
方：
(a) when he
signifies his approval or acceptance to the seller
or does any other act adopting
the
transaction;
买方向卖方表明认可或接受交易，
或以其他方式确认这项交易时，
货物有权转移给买方。
(b)
if
he
does
not
signify
his
approval
or
acceptance
to
the
seller
but
retains
the
goods
without giving notice of rejection,
then, if a time has been fixed for the return of
the goods on
the expiration of that
time, and if no time has been fixed, on the
expiration of a reasonable time.
如果买方没有
向卖方表示认可或接受该项货物，但他保留了货物并没有发出退货通知，
如果合同规定有
固定的退货期限，且期限届满，或者，在合同没有规定退货期限，
但经过了
一段合理时间。
Rule 5
规则
5
(1) Where there is a contract for the
sale of unascertained or future goods by
description,
and goods of that
description and in a deliverable state are
unconditionally appropriated to the
contract, either by the seller with the
assent of the buyer or by the buyer with the
assent of the
seller,
the
property
in
the
goods
then
passes
to
the
buyer;
and
the
assent
may
be
express
or
implied, and may be given
either before or after the appropriation is made.
凡属货物未经确定的买卖合同或凭说明进行的期货买卖合同，
如
果该物已处于可交付状
态，
货物被买方无条件划拨合同项下时，
货物所有权转移给买方，
这种划拨行为可以由卖方
征得买方同意完成，也可以由买方征得卖方同意完成。同意可以是明示的，也可是默示的，
同意的作出既可在划拨作出之前或也可在划拨之后。
(2)
Where, in pursuance of the contract, the seller
delivers the goods to the buyer or to a
carrier
or
other
bailee
or
custodier
(whether
named
by
the
buyer
or
not)
for
the
purpose
of
transmission to the
buyer, and does not reserve the right of disposal,
he is to be taken to have
unconditionally appropriated the goods
to the contract.
根据合同，
卖方将货物交
付至买方或出于转送目的将货物交付承运人或其他受托人或保
管人（无论是否由买方指定
）
，在卖方不保留处分权时，可认为卖方无条件地将货物划拨合
同项下。
19. Reservation of
right of disposal
保留处分权
(1) Where there is a contract for the
sale of specific goods or where goods are
subsequently
appropriated
to
the
contract,
the
seller
may,
by
the
terms
of
the
contract
or
appropriation,
reserve the
right of disposal of the goods until certain
conditions are fulfilled; and in such a case,
notwithstanding
the
delivery
of
the
goods
to
the
buyer,
or
to
the
carrier
or
other
bailee
or
custodier for the purpose of
transmission to the buyer, the property in the
goods does not pass
to the buyer until
the conditions imposed by the seller are
fulfilled.
特定物买卖合同中或货物被划拨合同项下时，
< br>卖方可以依据合同或划拨条款，
将货物的
处分权一直保留
直到特定条件成就；
在这种情形下，
尽管货物已交付至买方，<
/p>
或出于转送买
方的目的而将货物交付承运人或其他受托人或保管人
，
在由卖方施加的条件成就之前，
货物
所有权并不转移至买方。
(2)
Where goods are shipped and by the bill of lading
the goods are deliverable to the order
of the seller or his agent, the seller
is prima facie to be taken to reserve the right of
disposal.
货物已装船，
货物处于提单持有人即卖方
或其代理人指令交付时，
则初步认为卖方保留
有货物处分权。<
/p>
(3)
Where
the
seller
of
goods
draws
on
the
buyer
for
the
price
and
transmits
the
bill
of
exchange
and bill of lading to the buyer together to secure
acceptance or payment of the bill of
exchange,
the
buyer
is
bound
to
return
the
bill
of
lading
if
he
does
not
honour
the
bill
of
exchange,
and if he wrongfully retains the bill of lading
the property in the goods does not pass
to him.
货物的卖方向买方开出支取价款的汇票，
将汇票及提单向买方转移以确保其承兑或支付
汇票时，如果买方拒绝
承兑汇票，则其有义务返还提单，
假如买方不当地保留提单，货物所
有权不因此转移至买方。
20. Risk prima facie passes with
property
风险转移
(1)
Unless otherwise agreed, the goods remain at the
seller’s risk until the property in them
is transferred to the buyer, but when
the property in them is transferred to the buyer
the goods
are at the buyer’s risk
whether delivery has been made or not.
除非另有协议，
货物的风险直到货物所有权转移至买方才从卖方
转移至买方；
但如果货
物所有权转移至买方时，不论交付行为是
否作出，风险均转移至买方。
(2) But where delivery has been delayed
through the fault of either buyer or seller the
goods
are at the risk of the party at
fault as regards any loss which might not have
occurred but for such
fault.
但如果因为合同当事人一方的过错
而导致了交货的延迟，
因过错而引起任何损失的一方
应承担由此
带来的风险。
(3)
Nothing in this section affects the duties or
liabilities of either seller or buyer as a bailee
or custodier of the goods of the other
party.
本条之规定不影响买卖双方作为另一方之受托人或保管人的义务或责任。
Transfer of
title
所有权的转移
21.
Sale by person not the
owner
非货物所有人的买卖
(1) Subject to this Act where goods are
sold by a person who is not their owner and who
does not sell them under the authority
or with the consent of the owner, the buyer
acquires no
better
title
to
the
goods
than
the
seller
had,
unless
the
owner
of
the
goods
is
by
his
conduct
precluded from denying the seller’s
authority to sell.
依照本法，
货物买卖中，
如果卖方不是货物的所有人，
也未
得到所有人的授权或同意而
出售货物时，
买方所取得的权利不能
超过卖方原来所拥有的权利，
除非所有人通过其行为表
明他不否
认卖方有出售该货物的权利。
(2)
Nothing in this Act
affects
本法中任何规定不影响
(a)
the
provisions
of
the
Factors
Acts
or
any
enactment
enabling
the
apparent
owner
of
goods to dispose of them as if he were
their true owner;
《代销商法》
中的规定
或其它使货物表见所有人可以像货物真正所有人一样处理货物的
任何规定。
(b) the validity of
any contract of sale under any special common law
or statutory power of
sale or under the
order of a court of competent jurisdiction.
任何特别的普通法或法定出卖权下或享有合法管辖权法院命令下任一买卖合同的有效
< br>性。
22.
略
23.
Sale under voidable
title
可撤销所有权下的买卖
When the seller of goods has a voidable
title to them, but his title has not been avoided
at
the time of the sale, the buyer
acquires a good title to the goods, provided he
buys them in good
faith and
witho
ut notice of the seller’s defect
of title.
如果卖方对货物的所有权可被撤销，
但卖方在所有权被撤销之前将货物出售，
只要买方
< br>不知道卖方权利的瑕疵，并且是出于善意而购买，就可取得货物完好的所有权。
24. Seller in possession
after sale
出售后占有货物的卖方
Where
a
person
having
sold
goods
continues
or
is
in
possession
of
the
goods,
or
of
the
documents
of title to the goods, the delivery or transfer by
that person, or by a mercantile agent
acting for him, of the goods or
documents of title under any sale, pledge, or
other disposition
thereof, to any
person receiving the same in good faith and
without notice of the previous sale,
has the same effect as if the person
making the delivery or transfer were expressly
authorised by
the owner of the goods to
make the same.
如果卖方将货物出售后继续占有货物或货物所有权凭证、
并由其或其商务代理人将货物<
/p>
或货物所有权凭证以任何出卖、
质押或其它方式处分并交付或转移
给买方之外的第三人，
只
要该第三人是善意的，
并对前一交易行为不知情，
则卖方或其商务代理人所实施之交付或转
移行为可被视为与得到货主明示授权后的行为具有同等效力。
25. Buyer in possession
after sale
出售后占有货物的买方
(1) Where a person having bought or
agreed to buy goods obtains, with the consent of
the
seller,
possession
of
the
goods
or
the
documents
of
title
to
the
goods
or
documents
of
title,
under any sale,
pledge, or other disposition thereof, to any
person receiving the same in good
faith
and without notice of any lien or other right of
the original seller in respect of the goods,
has the same effect as if the person
making the delivery or transfer were a mercantile
agent in
possession of the goods
ordocuments of title with the consent of the
owner.
已购买或已同意购买货物的买方，
如果得到了卖
方的同意而占有货物或取得货物所有权
凭证，
并且买方或买方商
务代理人在占有期间将货物或货物所有权凭证以买卖、
质押或其它
方式处分并交付或转移给买方之外的第三人，
只要第三人是善意取得，
并对原始卖方就货物
所拥有的任何留置权或其他权利不知情，
< br>该处分行为同经征得货物所有人同意后，
由商务代
理人做
出的交付或转移货物或所有权凭证的行为具有同样的效力。
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)
above:
就上述第（
1
）款而言
(a) the buyer under a
conditional sale agreement is to be taken not to
be a person who has
bought or agreed to
buy goods, and
附条件买卖协议之下的买方不被认为是已购买或已同意
购买货物的买方，并且
(b)
‘conditional
sale
agreement’
means
an
agreement
for
the
sa
le
of
goods
which
is
a
consumer
credit agreement within the meaning of the
Consumer Credit Act 1974 under which
the
purchase
price
or
part
of
it
is
payable
by
instalments,
and
the
property
in
the
goods
is
to
remain
in
the
seller
(notwithstanding
that
the
buyer
is
to
be
in
possession
of
the
goods)
until
such
conditions
as
to
the
payment
of
instalments
or
otherwise
as
may
be
specified
in
the
agreement are fulfilled.
附条件买卖协议”指具有《
1974
年
消费者信贷法》中消费者信贷协议性质的货物买卖
协议，
据此法
，
购买价款或部分购买价款可以分期支付，
但到分期付款结束或
其他可能在协
议中具体规定的条件得到成就前，货物所有权仍属于卖方（尽管买方即将占
有货物）
。
26. Supplementary to
sections 24 and
25
对二十四条，二十五条的补充
In
sections
24
and
25
above
‘mercantile
agent’
means
a
mercantile
agent
having
in
the
customary course of his business as
such agent authority either:
在上述第
24
条和第
25
条中
“商务代理人”
意指在习惯的商事活动中有如下代理权限的
商务代理人
(a)
to sell goods, or
(b) to consign
goods for the purpose of sale, or
(c)
to buy goods, or
(d) to raise
money on the security of goods.
27
、
Duties of
seller and buyer
买卖双方的义务
It is the duty
of the seller to deliver the goods, and of the
buyer to accept and pay for them,
in
accordance with the terms of the contract of sale.
根据买卖合同条款，卖方有义务交付货物，买方有义务接受货物并支付价款。
28
、
Payment and
delivery are concurrent conditions
支付价款与交付货物是同时履行的条件
Unless
otherwise
agreed,
delivery
of
the
goods
and
payment
of
the
price
are
concurrent
conditions, that
is to say, the seller must be ready and willing to
give possession of the goods to
the
buyer in exchange for the price and the buyer must
be ready and willing to pay the price in
exchange for possession of the goods. <
/p>
除非另有协议，
货物的交付和价款的支付应是同时履行的条件，<
/p>
换言之，
卖方必须乐意
让出对货物的占有
以交换价款；同时买方须乐意支付价款以交换对货物的占有。
29
、
Rules about
delivery
关于货物交付的规则
（
1
）
Whether it
is for the buyer to take possession of the goods
or for the seller to send
them
to
the
buyer
is
a
question
depending
in
each
case
on
the
contract,
express
or
implied,
between the parties.
货物是由买方主
动取得占有，
还是由卖方将货物送交至买方，
取决于具体情况中
双方当
事人明示或默示的合同。
<
/p>
（
2
）
Apar
t from any such contract, express or implied, the
place of delivery is the
seller
’
s
place of
business if he has one, and if not, his residence;
except that, if the contract is for the sale
of specific goods, which to the
knowledge of the parties when the contract is made
are in some
other place, then that
place is the place of delivery.
除了明示或默示
的合同，
如果卖方有营业地，
则交付地点应在卖方的营业地；<
/p>
如无营业
地，则应在卖方的居住地。除此之外，如属特定物买卖合
同，
且合同订立时双方当事人知晓
该特定物在另一地方，则该地
点为交付地点。
（
3
）
Where under the
contract of sale the seller is bound to send the
goods to the buyer,
but no time for
sending them is fixed, the seller is bound to send
them within a reasonable time.
买卖合同下，
卖方有义务将货物送至买方，
但如果没有具体确定送货时间，
则卖方有义
务在合理的时间内将货物送到。
（
4
）
Where the goods at the time of sale are
in the possession of a third person, there is no
delivery by seller to buyer unless and
until the third person acknowledges to the buyer
that he
holds the goods on his behalf;
but nothing in this section affects the operation
of the issue or
transfer of any
document of title to goods.
货物买卖时，
如货物被第三人占有，
除非第三人向买方承认他代表卖方持有货物，
否则
不构成卖方向买方交付，但本条规定并不影响任何货物所有权凭证
的转移。
（
5
）
Demand
or
tender
of
delivery
may
be
treated
as
ineffectual
unless
made
at
a
reasonable hour; and what is a
reasonable hour is a question of fact.
请求或提供交付可被视为无效，
除非在合理时间完成；
合理时间
这一问题属于事实问题。
（
6
）
Unless otherwise agreed, the expenses of
and incidental to putting the goods into a
deliverable state must be borne by the
seller.
除非另有约定，使货物处于可交付状态前的开支及杂费须由卖方承担。
30
、
Delivery of
wrong quantity
错误数量的交付
（
1
）
Where
the seller delivers to the buyer a quantity of
goods less than he contracted to
sell,
the buyer may reject them, but if the buyer
accepts the goods so delivered he must pay for
them at the contract rate.
当
卖方所交货物少于合同订立的数量时，
买方可以拒收货物，
但是
一旦买方接受了这样
交付的货物，就必须按合同价格支付货物价款。
（
2
）
Where the seller delivers to the buyer
a quantity of goods larger than he contracted to
sell, the buyer may accept the goods
included in the contract and reject the rest, or
he may reject
the whole.
当卖方
所交货物多于合同订立的数量时，
买方可以接受合同中订立的部分而拒收其余货
物，或也可拒收全部货物。
(a)
Where the
seller delivers to the buyer a quantity of goods
less than he contracted to
sell, the
buyer may reject them, but if the buyer accepts
the goods so delivered he must pay for
them at the contract rate.
当
卖方交付至买方的货物少于合同订立的数量时，如买方接受了这样交付的全部货物，
就必
须按合同价格支付货物价款。
(2) Where the seller delivers to the
buyer a quantity of goods larger than he
contracted to
sell, the buyer may
accept the goods included in the contract and
reject the rest, or he may reject
the
whole.
如果卖方交付至买方的货物多余合同订货数量时，
买方可以接受合同数量而拒收多余数
量，或拒收全部。
(3) Where the seller
delivers to the buyer a quantity of goods larger
than he contracted to
sell
and
the
buyer
accepts
the
whole
of
the
goods
so
delivered
he
must
pay
for
them
at
the
contract rate.
如买方接受了卖方交付的超过
合同订货的数量，就必须按合同价格支付全部货物价款。
(4) Where the seller delivers to the
buyer the goods he contracted to sell mixed with
goods
of a different description not
included in the contract, the buyer may accept the
goods which are
in accordance with the
contract and reject the rest, or he may reject the
whole.
如果卖方交付至买方的货物为多种规格货物的混合，
买方可以接受合同订货的货物，
而
拒收其他规格货物，或拒
收全部货物。
(5) This
section is subject to any usage of trade, special
agreement, or of course of dealing
between the parties.
本款适用于所有的贸易、特定协议或交易。
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