-
动词和宾语
1)
Intransitive verbs do not
have an object.
有及物动词没有宾语。
2)
Transitive verbs have an
object.
及物动词有宾语。
3)
Some verbs can be used
with or without an object, depending on the
situation
or
their meaning.
有些动词可有也可没有宾语，视具体情形和词义而定。
语法透析
1)
Many verbs do not
normally have an object. They are
called
verbs. They often refer to:
许多动词通常没有宾语，被称作不及物动词。
existence:
appear
die
disappear happen
live
remain
表存在：
出现
死亡
消失
发生
活着
遗留
the human body: ache
bleed
blush
faint
shiver
smile
表人体：
疼痛
流血
脸红
虚弱
颤抖
微笑
human noises:
cough
cry
laugh
scream
snore
表人发出的声音：咳嗽
哭
笑
尖叫
打鼾
yawn speak
打呵欠
说话
light, smell, vibration:
glow
shine
sparkle
stink
throb
vibrate
表灯光、气味、振动：发光
照耀
发火花
发出臭味
悸动
振动
position, movement: arrive
come
depart
fall
flow
go
kneel
run
表方位、运动：
到达
来
离开
落下
流动
去
跪下
跑
sit
sleep
stand
swim
wait
walk
work
坐
睡觉
站着
游泳
等待
走
工作
例如：
1)
The girl
screamed.
那女孩尖叫起来。
2)
I
waited.
我等着。
2)
Many verbs normally have
an object. These verbs are called
许多动词通常要跟宾语，被称为作及物动词。
例如：
1)
Did you see the
rainbow?
你看到彩虹了吗？
2)
She reported the accident to
the police.
她向警察报告了这起事故。
3)
Often, the people you are
talking to know what the object is because of the
situation,
or because it has already been mentioned, in this
case you can omit
the object, even though the verb is
transitive.
在谈话双方都知道宾语是
谁或宾语已被提及的情况下，宾语可以省略，
而动词依然是及物动词。如：
accept(
接受
)
answer(
回答
)
change(
改变
)
choose(
选择
)
clean(
打扫
)
cook(
烹饪
)
draw(
拉
)
drive(
驾驶
)
eat(
吃
)
explain(
解释
)
forget(
忘记
)
help(
帮助
)
iron(
熨
)
know(
知道
)
learn(
学习
)
leave(
离开
)
paint(
描绘
)
park(
泊车
)
phone(
打电话
)
read(
阅读
)
remember(
记得
)
ride(
骑
)
sing(
唱
)
steal(
偷
)
study(
学习
)
type(
打字
)
understand(
理解
)
wash(
洗
)
watch(
洗
)
write(
写
)
例如：
1)
I don't own a car, I
can't drive.
我没有车，我不会驾驶。
2)
Both dresses are
beautiful. It's difficult to choose.
两条裙子都很美，很难选择。
4)
Many verbs have more than one
meaning, and are transitive in one meaning
and intransitive in another
meaning.
许多动词有多种意思，在作及物
动词时与不及物动词时词义不同。
call(
喊叫
)
fit(
适合
)
lose(
丢失
)
manage(
管理
)
miss(
错过
)
move(
移动
)
play(
玩
)
run(
跑
)
show(
出示
)
spread(
传播
)
例如：
1) The hare runs at enormous speed.
野兔跑得飞快。
2)
She runs a hotel.
她经营着一家旅馆。
5)
A few verbs normally
intransitive, but can be used with an object that
is
closely related to the verb.
少数动词通常是不及物动词，但可跟一个与其密切相关的宾语。
dance (a dance)
die (a death)
dream (a
dream)
laugh (a laugh)
live(a
life)
sigh (a sigh)
smile (a smile)
例如：
1)
I once dreamed a very nice dream.
我曾做了一个非常好的梦。
1 The girl screamed.
2 I waited.
3 Did you
see the rainbow?
4 She reported the accident to the
police.
5 I
don't own a car, I can't drive.
6 Both dresses are
beautiful. It's difficult to choose.
7 The hare runs at enormous
speed.
8
she runs a hotel.
9 I
once dreamed a very nice dream.
动词地直接和间接宾语语法要点
(Main points)
1)
Some verbs
have two objects, a direct object and an indirect
object.
一些动词有两个宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语。
2)
The indirect
object can be used without a preposition, or after
间接宾语可直接使用，也可跟介词
< br>
和
搭配连用。
语法透析
1)
Some verbs have two
objects after them, a direct and an indirect
object. Verbs
that have two objects are sometimes
called
transitive
一些
动词有两个宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语。这种动词被称作双宾动词
或双及物动词。
例如：
1)
His uncle had given him
books on India.
他的叔叔给了他一些关于印度的书。
2)
I passed him the cup.
我把杯子递给他。
2)
When the
indirect object is a pronoun, or another short
noun group such as a
noun with
如果
间接宾语是代词或较短的名词词组
(
如
the +
名词的形式
)
，则置于直<
/p>
接宾语之前。
例如：
1)
Dad gave me a car.
爸爸给我一辆车。
2)
He had lent my cousin the
money.
他借了钱给我表弟。
3)
You can also use the
prepositions
object. If you do this, you put the
preposition and indirect object after the
direct object.
间接宾语也可用介词
和
引出，这时介词和间接宾语应置于直接
宾语之后。
例如：
1)
He handed his room key to the
receptionist.
他把房间钥匙交给接待人员。
2)
Bill saved a piece of cake for
the children.
比尔给孩子们留了一块蛋糕。
4)
With some verbs you can
only use
object.
有些动
词只能用介词
引出间接宾语。
book(
书
)
buy(
买
)
cook(
烹饪
)
cut(
切
)
find(
找到
)
keep(
保持
)
make(
制造
)
paint(
描绘
)
pour(
灌注
)
prepare(
准备
)
save(
保留
)
win(
赢
)
例如：
1)
He had found some old
clothes for the beggar.
他找了些旧衣服给乞丐。
2)
They bough a present
for the teacher.
他们给老师买了一件礼物。
5)
With some verbs you normally use
有些动词只能由介词
引出间接宾语。
give(
给
)
lend(
借
)
offer(
提供
)
pass(
通过
)
pay(
付给
)
post(
张贴
)
promise(
答应
)
read(
读
)
sell(
卖
)
send(
寄
)
show(
出示
)
teach(
教授
)
tell(
告诉
)
例如：
1) I had lent my bicycle to a friend.
我把自行车借给了一个朋友。
2)
They say they posted
the letter to me last week.
他们说上周把
1 His uncle had given
him books on India.
2 I passed him the cup.
3 Dad gave
me a car.
4
He had lent my cousin the money.
5 He handed his room key to
the receptionist.
6 Bill saved a piece of cake for the
children.
7
He had found some old clothes for the beggar.
8 They
bough a present for the teacher.
9 I had lent my bicycle to
a friend.
10 They say
they posted the letter to me last week
反身动词。
语法要点
(Main
points)
1)
Transitive verbs are used with a reflexive pronoun
to indicate that the object is
the same as the
subject.
及物动词与反身代词连用，表明宾语与主语相同。
2)
Some verbs
which do not normally have a person as the object
can have
reflexive pronouns as the object.
有些动词不常以人物作为宾语，但反身代词则可作其宾语。
语法透析
1)
You use a reflexive
pronoun after a transitive verb to indicate that
the object
is the same as the subject.
及物动词与反身代词连用语，表明宾语与主语相同。
例如：
1)
He blamed himself for
his friend's death.
他因朋友的死而自责。
2)
I taught myself French.
我自学法语。
2)
In theory, most
transitive verbs can be used with a reflexive
pronoun.
However, you often use reflexive
pronouns with the following verbs.
理论上说，大部分及物动词都可用反身代词作宾语，但通常与反身代词
< br>
搭配的动词是：
amuse(
使发笑
)
blame(
责备
)
cut(
切割
)
dry(
干燥
)
help(
帮助
)
hurt(
伤害
)
introduce(
介绍
)
kill(
杀死
)
prepare(
准备
)
repeat(
重复
)
restrict(
限制
)
satisfy(
满足
)
teach(
教授
)
例如：
1)
- Can I
borrow a pencil? ---
能借下铅笔吗？
- Yes, help yourself.
---
可以，自己拿吧。
2)
He introduced himself
to me.
他向我做了自我介绍。
3)
Verbs like
to themselves, do not
usually take reflexive pronouns in English,
although
they do in some other languages. With
these verbs, reflexive pronouns are
only used for emphasis.
这类动词本身描述的动作一
般是由人们自己完成，
因
而在英语中不再加反身代词，但在其它语言中可能有。英语中这些动
词后面的反身代词一般是表示强调。
例如：
1)
She washed very quickly and rushed
downstairs.
她很快洗漱完毕，匆匆下楼。
2)
Children were
encouraged to wash themselves.
孩子们被鼓励自己洗漱。
4)
Some verbs do not normally have a
person as object, because they describe
actions that you do not do to
other people. However, these verbs can have
reflexive
pronouns as object, because you can do these
actions to yourself.
有些
动词一般不以人作宾语，因为此类动词描述的动作一般不会针对别
人。但可以以反复代词为宾语，表示受动的对象是自己。
例如：
1)
Just go out there and enjoy yourself.
就去那里，让自己开心。
1 He blamed himself for his friend's
death.
2 I taught myself French.
3 - Can I borrow a pencil?
-Yes, help yourself.