-
（
1
）
We
are
thus
led
to
distinguish,
within
the
broad
educational
process
which we have been so far considering,
a more formal kind of education
-- that
of direct tuition or schooling.
主干识别：
We
are
thus
led
to
distinguish
a
more
formal
kind
of
education
其他成分：
within the broad
educational process
状语
which we have been so far
considering
“
process
”的定语
that of direct tuition or schooling.
同位语
翻译点拨：
distinguish
区分出…
consider
考虑
/
讨论
tuition
直接讲授
schooling
学校教育
主句的处理：
We
are
thus
led
to
distinguish
a
more
formal
kind
of
education
直接翻译
为：
我们进而被引导去区分…
(
引导我
们的就是我们自己
)
。
翻译中常常
是将被动变为主动，
“得以…”是常见的替换方。
< br>
同位语的处理：
that of direct
tuition or schooling.
改译为：这就使我们进而得以去区分一种更加正式的教育。
参考译文：
这就使我们进而得以在一
直讨论的广义的教育过程中去区分出一种
更加正式的教育，也就是直接讲授或学校教育。
（
2
）
From the beginning of our
history, says Hofstadter, our democratic
and populist urges have driven us to
reject anything that smells of
elitism.
【词汇突破】
democratic
：
民主的
populist
：平民主义的
【主
干识别
:
】
our
democratic and populist urges have driven us to
reject
anything+
定语从句
【其他成分】
says
Hofstadter
插入语；
our
democratic
and
populist
urges
have
driven us
to
…可提炼出
sth has driven sb to
do
…
这个句型；
that smells
of elitism
定语从句，修饰
anything
。
（注意
smell
的介词搭配）
【微观解析】
若是觉得
插入语干扰了正常的理解，
可将这个句子变为
Hofstadt
er
aid
,
”
From
the
beginning
of
our
history,
our
democratic
and
populist
urges
have driven us to reject anything that
smells of elitism
。
”这样的由直
接引语构成的宾语从句会降低句子的难度
【难
点揭秘】灵活的利用插入语改变句式是这个句子给我们的启示。
【译文赏析】
Hofstadter
说，从我们的历史一开始
，我们对于民主化和大众化
的渴求就迫使我们拒绝一切带有精英主义色彩的东西
（
3
）
Islamic
law
is
a
phenomenon
so
different
from
all
other
forms
of
law
—
notwithstanding
，
of
course
，
a
considerable and inevitable number of
coincidences with one
or
the other
of them as far as
subject matter
and
positive
enactments are
concerned
—
that its study is
indispensable in
order
to
appreciate
adequately
the
full
range
of
possible
legal
phenomena.
词汇突破：
notwithstanding
prep.
尽管；虽然
Indispensable
不可缺少的
As far
as
就…而言
Enactments
实施
Coincidences
巧合
主干识别：
Islamic law is a
phenomenon so different from all other forms
of law
其
他
< br>成
分
：
that
its
study
is
indispensable
in
order
to
appreciate
adequately the
full range of
possible legal phenomena.
结果状语
难点在于插入语，
as far as subject
matter and positive enactments are
conc
erned
就其涉及的内容和实际的实施情况而言
a considerable and inevitable number of
coincidences with one or the
other of
them
（这是一个名词结构，可以翻译为一个句子）
伊斯兰法律同这种或那种法律（
one or the
other of them
）存在着大量和不可
避免的一致之
处。
参考译文：当然，尽管，伊斯兰法律就其涉及的内容和实
际的实施情况而言，同
这种和那种法律之间存在着大量的和不可避免的一致之处，
但是这种法律确实是
一个与其他的形式的法律都如此不同的法律现象，
以至于对它的研究确实是不可
缺少的，这样才能充分理解所有可
能的全部范围的法律现象。
（
4
）
The
true
enemies
of
science,
argues
Paul
Ehrllch
of
Stanford
University, a
pioneer of environmental studies, are those who
question
the
evidence
supporting
global
warming,
the
depletion
of
the
ozone
layer
and
other consequences of industrial growth.
【词汇突破】
depletion
：消耗（
consume
的同义替换词）
ozone layer:
臭氧层
（
碰到这种专业词汇不要慌张，
判断出它是一个名词即可）
【主干识别】
the enemies are those
加定语从句
【其他成分】
argues Paul Ehrllch of
Stanford University
插入语，相当于
上一
句中的
says
Hofstadter
，
of Stanford
University
做定语修饰
Paul
Ehrllch
；
a pioneer
of environmental
studies
：插入语；
who question the
evidence
supporting
global
warming,
the
depletion
of
the
ozone
layer
and
other consequences of
industrial growth
定语从句修饰
those
。
【微观解析】
a pioneer of
environmental
studies
插入语，改写为
who is a
pioneer of environmental
studies
就可以很快判断出它是修饰
Paul Ehrl
lch
的，而并非是句子的主语。定语从句中
supporti
ng
global
warming
作
evidence
的定语（仍旧是修饰形式的变化）
。
【译文赏析】
<
/p>
环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗厄尔里西认为，科学真正的
敌
人是那些对支持全球变暖、
臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出置
疑的人。
（
5
）
Time
was
when
biologists
somewhat
over
worded
the
evidence
that
these
creatures
preserve
the
health
of
game
by
killing
the
physically
weak,
or
that they prey only on
主干识别：
Time was
when
…主系表结构
其他成分：
biologists somewhat
over worded the evidence
表语从句
that
these
creatures
preserve
the
health
of
game
by
killing
the
physically
weak,
evidence
的同位语从句之一；
or that
they prey only on
species.
evidence
的同位语从句之二
词汇点拨：
Game
猎物
Preserve
保持
the physically
weak
体弱者
prey
猎杀
somewhat
或多或少
over worded
过多的提及（滥用）
成分的点拨：
Time was
when= there was time when…曾经有段时间，
同位语从句的处理：或者
“即，
”
“也就是说…”
成分的处理：
biologists somewhat
over worded the evidence
生物学家或多或少滥用了一种证据，
that
these
creatures
preserve
the
health
of game by killing
the physically weak,
即这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持
种群的健康，
or that they prey only on
或者说它们仅
仅捕食没有价值的物种。
参考译文：
曾经有段时间，
生物学家或
多或少滥用了一种证据，
即这些生物通过
杀死体弱者来保持种群
的健康，或者说它们仅仅仅捕食没有价值的物种。
（
6
）
But his primary task is not to think about the
moral code which
governs
his
activity,
any
more
than
a
businessman
is
expected
to
dedicate
his energies to an
exploration of rules of conduct in business.
解析：这句话主要难在
not. . . any more
than.
这一引导两个
句子进行比较
的结构上。
Any
more
than
主要用在否定句当
中，
表示强调语气，
如：
He
did
not
want to
express himself any more strongly than he had to
（不到万不得已
他并不想这样言辞激烈）
。
可以把这句话简化为这样一个结构便于理解：
task
is
not to think about
something, just as a businessman is not expected
to
do something(
他的任务不是考虑……，就
如同不指望一个商人去做……的一
样
)
。
Rules
都可译成“规范”
。
除此之外，还应注意
moral
code
和
rules of
con
duct
的译法，这里的
code
和<
/p>
rules
都可译成“规范”
。
参考译文：
但是，
他
的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，
就如同不
能指
望商人会探索行业规范一样。
那么现在我们来看一下这个句子
:
Nobody
with
any
sense
expects
to
find
the
whole
truth
in
job
advertisement
any
more
than
he
expects
a
man
applying
for
a
job
to
describe
his
shortcomings and more
serious faults.
解析
:
这个句子同样是结构
:not...any more than
的变体；在这里
not
变成了
nobody
；
Nobody with
any sense expects to find the whole truth in job <
/p>
advertisement.
先翻前半句：
任何有头脑的人都不指望招聘广告里说的话都是真
话，
an
y
more
than
+
否定含义，同样他也不会指望求职者会说出自己的缺点和
严重过失。<
/p>
参考译文：
任何有头脑的人都不指望招
聘广告里说的话都是真话，
同样他也不会
指望求职者会说出自己
的缺点和严重过失。
（
7
）
It’s all delici
ously ironic
when you consider that Shakespeare,
who
earns their living, was himself an actor (with a
beard) and did his
share of noise-
making.
【词汇突破】
deliciously
美味的，但在这个句子里若是这样翻译就太死板了。
在无法准确的理
解副词意思的情况下，大可将其做
very
来理解
【主干识别】
it is
ironic+
时间状语从句
【其他成分】
when
you
consider
that
时间状语从句；
who
earns
their
living
非限制性
定语从句，修饰
Shakespeare
，其特殊在于处于主谓
之间，起到了主谓
隔离的作用，这样处理使句子内部长短相间，错落有致，写作中可以灵
活运用。
【微观解析】
首先要找清楚
Shakespeare
所搭配的动词是
was,
而且
was
himself
an actor (with a
beard) and did his share of noise-making.
这个句子是强
调句（部分强调）
，可还原为
when
you
consider
that
Shakespeare
was
an
actor
(with a beard) and his share of noise-
making.
其次再找定语从句
who earns
their living
的修饰对象是
Shakespear
e
。
【难点揭秘】
< br>这个句子的巧妙之处在于定语从句的位置以及为配合语气所做的强
调处理，建议写
作时适当运用
.
【译文赏析】
想想给
他们带来生机的莎士比亚本人就是一个演员
（而且留胡子）
，<
/p>
他也是这些噪音的一部分，你就会觉得这一切颇具讽刺意味。
【翻译点拨】
did his share of
noise-making
在翻译时不要生硬的翻译为：为
噪
声的制造做出了自己的贡献，
这里的翻译可以是：
他也参与了噪
声的制造或者
是他就是噪声中的一部分。
（
8
）
This, for
those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,
refers to
discrimination against those
whose surnames begin with a letter in the
lower half of the alphabet.
【词汇突破】
discrimination
：歧视
alphabet
：字母表
【主干识别】
This refers to
discrimination against
those
加定语从句
【其他成分】
for those as yet
unaware of such a disadvantage
：插入语，
可改写为：
for those who are unaware
of such a disadvantage as
yet
理解
起来会方便很多；
as
yet
至今；
whose surnames begin
with a letter in the
lower half of the
alphabet
定语从句。
【微观
解析】
若是对于句中的插入语理解起来有困难，
不妨试着改变它
的句式结
构，
将长定语还原为定语从句，
而这种方法的逆向思维可以与写作相结合，
使文
章的句式更加
灵活多变。
【译文赏析】
对于那些还
不了解这种危害的人来说，
它指的是对姓氏首字母位于
字母表后
半部分的人的歧视
（
9
）
Nor, if regularity
and conformity to a standard pattern are as
desirable to the scientist as the
writing of his papers would appear to
reflect, is management to be blamed for
discriminating against the
balls
among
researchers
in
favor
of
more
conventional
thinkers
who
work
well
with the team.
【词汇突破】
regularity
常规性；
conformity
一致性；
conventional
传统的
desirable
令人满意的，令人希望的，值得拥有的
例：
It is desirable that you
should be there by two o
’
clo
ck.
（希望你
两点能到那里。
）
【主干识别】
Nor is
management to be blamed. Nor
置于句首引起倒装，正常
语序为
management is not to be
blamed.
【其他成分】
if regularity
and conformity to a standard pattern are as
desirable to the scientist as the
writing of his papers would appear to
reflect
状语从句；
for
discriminating
against
the
balls
among
researchers
in
favor
of
more
conventional thinkers who
状语。
【微观解析】
if regularity and
conformity to a standard pattern are as
desirable to the scientist as the
writing of his papers would appear to
r
eflect
主干为：
regularity
and
conformity
are
as
desirable
；
to
a
standard
patter
n
定语修饰
regularity
and
conformity
；
to
the
scientist
状语；
as
the
writing of his papers
would appear to reflect. As
引导的定语从句修饰
regularity
and
co
nformity
，
as
在句中做
reflect
的宾语，如果在科学家的论
文中所反应出的对于标准模板的遵守和认同正是其所想得到的话。
【难点揭秘】
由于
nor
置于句首所引起的倒装和由
as
所引导的定语从句造成阅
读上的困难。
【译文赏析】
如果在科学家的论文中所反应出的对于标准模板的
遵守和认同正是
其所想得到的话，
那么管理层就不该因歧视研究
者中的
思维与众不同的人
，
喜
欢其中较为传统的
善于团队合作
的思想者而受到指责了。
（
10
）
But
the
human
mind
can
glimpse
a
rapidly
changing
scene
and
immediately
disregard
the
98
percent
that
is
irrelevant,
instantaneously
focusing
on
the
monkey
at
the
side
of
a
winding
forest
road
or
the
single
suspicious face in a
big crowd.
词汇突破：
glimpse
快速的看一眼；
Disregard
抛弃、
丢弃；
Irrelevant
不相干；
Instantaneously
立即；
Winding
蜿蜒曲折的；
Suspicious
可疑的
主
干
识
别
：
the
human
mind
can
glimpse
a
rapidly
changing
scene
and
immediately disregard
the 98 percent
并列的两个动词
glimpse
和
disregard
其他成分：
that
is
irrelevant
修饰
the
98
percent;
focusing
on
the
monkey
at the side of a
winding forest road or the single suspicious face
in a
big crowd.
现在分词短语做状语，
focus
的动作发出者就是句子主语
human
mind;
微析：
the
monkey or the single suspicious face
为
focus on
的并列宾语
译文赏析
:
但是人类的大脑可以只
迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立
刻放弃
98
％的不相关信息，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或
者在
茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。
（<
/p>
11
）
With economic
growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent
of
Japan’s 119 million citizens live in
cities where community and the
extended
family
have
been
abandoned
in
favor
of
isolated,
two-generation
households.
【词汇突破】
abandoned
抛弃；
extended family
大家庭
【主干识别】
centralization has
come with economic growth.
在写作的时候
可以用这个句型：
with B has come A
（随着
B
……
A
……）
【其他成分】
:fully 76 percent of
Japan
’
s 119 million citizens
live in
cities where community and the
extended family have been abandoned in
favor
of
isolated,
tow-generation
households
冒
号
< br>后
接
定
语
修
饰
centralization
。
【微观解析】
fully
76
percent
of
Japan
’
s
119
million
citizens
live
in
cities
为句子主干，
where
community and the extended family have been
abandoned
in favor of isolated, tow-
generation households.
定语从句修饰
cities
。
【难点揭秘】对于倒装的识别和系动词完成时态的识别。
【译文赏析】随着经济的增长，出现了集中化：全国
1
．
19
亿公民，其中整整
7
6
％的人口定居城市：
在这里，
原来的
社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，
取而
代之的是与外界疏于往
来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭
.
（
12
）
The newly
described languages were often so strikingly
different
from the well studied
languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some
scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of
fabricating their data.
主干识别：这是一个带有结果状语
从句的系表结构，主句系表结构的框架为：
The
…
languages were so different
from
…
that
…
各种语言是如此的不同，
以至于……
其
他
成
分
：
结
果
状
语
：
some
scholars
even
accused
Boas
and
Sapir
of
fabricating their
data.
一些学者甚至指责
Boas
和
Sapir
编造了他们的资料
定语：
The newly described
languages
这些新近被描述的语言
介词
from
的宾语：
the
well
studied
languages
of
Europe
and
Southeast
Asia
经过充分研究的欧洲和东南亚的语言
翻译点拨
: accused sb. of sth.
(
指责／谴责某人作了某事
)
fabricating
（捏造
,
伪造
,
虚构）
The newly
described
（这些新近被描述的）
strikingly
different
（显著的不同）
the well studied
languages
（经过充分研究的各种语言）的准确译法
此
句
难
点
有
三
处
：
1
）
strikingly
different
差
别
显
著
。
许
多
人
不
理
解
strikingly
，
要么不
译，
要么错译为
“严格不同”
，
“完全差别”
。
2
）
so
…
that
(
如
此…
)
以至于。
由于
so
…
that
间隔长，
有的考生看不
道这一句法结构，
错把
that
后的从
句当作
South
Asia
的定语，译文语义混乱。
3
）
fabricating
编造。这
个词许多人不认识，错译为
“构造”
，
“修饰”
< br>，
“弄错”或“修改”
。
参考译文：
这些新近被描述的各种语言与经过充分研究的欧洲和东南
亚的语言是
如此的显著的不同，
以至于一些学者甚至指责
Boas
和
Sapir
编造了他们的资料。
（
13
）
Sad to say, this
project has turned out to be mostly low-level
findings
about
factual
errors
and
spelling
and
grammar
mistakes,
combined
with lots of head-
scratching puzzlement about what in the world
those
readers really want.
词汇突破：
head-scratching
< br>：令人头疼的；
Puzzlement
困惑
主干识别：
This
project
has
turned
out
to
be
findings
combined
with
lots
of head-scratching
puzzlement
加上后面一系列的对于
finding
s
的修饰。
其他成分：
Sad to say
状语：
遗憾的说。
about what
in the world those readers really
want.
定语修饰
puzzlement
（
about
+what
引导的从句）
。
In
the
world
状语做插入语，
表示强调。从句的
主干为：
what those
readers really want.
微观解析：
factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes
。这个并列
结构是
factual
errors
和
spelling and grammar
mistakes
的并列。
combined
with
相当一个连词
and
。
译文赏析：
遗憾的说，
这个项目最终被证明是一个很低级的研究，
它着
眼于错误
的事实和拼写以及语法的问题，还有很多关于读者究竟想要什么的困惑。
（
14
）
The
male
initiative
in
courtship
is
a
pretty
indiscriminate
affair,
something that is tried on with any
remotely plausible woman who comes
within range and, of course, with all
degrees of tentativeness.
词汇突破：
courtship
求爱期；
Initiative
主动性
;
Indiscrimina
te
不加选择的，不分青红皂白的；
（何凯文出品）
随意的，
任性的，任意的；
try
on
耍花招、哄骗
remotely plausible
不合理的；
tentativeness
试探性的
主干识别：
The male initiative in
courtship is a pretty indiscriminate
affair
其他成分：
something
that
is
tried
on
with
any
remotely
plausible
woman
who
comes
within
range
and,
of
course,
with
all
degrees
of
tentativeness.
（
something
前面句子的同
位语
,
后面加上定语从句何凯文）
<
/p>
参考译文：
男性在求爱时的主动是一件很随意之事
,
就是哄骗和戏弄那些进入他
们视野而没有合理借口
的女人，当然这一切都只是试探性的程度。
（
15
）
Moreover,
those
economists
who
argue
that
allowing
the
free
market
to
operate
without
interference
is
the
most
efficient
method
of
establishing prices have
not considered the economies of non socialist
countries other than the United States.
词汇突破：
interference
干扰；
Other than
除了
主干识别
: those economists
have not considered the economies of non
socialist countries other than the
United States.
（一定找出主干）
定语从句：
who argue that allowing
the free market to operate without
interference is the most efficient
method of establishing prices
微观分析：
allowing
the
free
market
to
operate
without
interference
is
the
most efficient method of
establishing prices
参考译文：
而且，
有些经济学家认为，
允许自由市场不受干扰地运作是最为有效<
/p>
的定价手段。他们没有考虑到除了美国以外的其他非社会主义国家的经济。
(
单
独成句）
（
16
）<
/p>
The
increase
in
numbers
of
married
women
employed
outside
the
home
in the
twentieth century had less to do with the
mechanization of house
work
and
an
increase
in
leisure
time
for
these
women
than
it
did
with
their
own
economic necessity and with high marriage rates
that shrank the
available pool of
single women workers, previously, in many cases,
the
only women employers would hire.
词汇突破：
Economic necessity
经济需求
pool of single women workers
单生女工的资源
high marriage rates
高结婚率
主干识别：
The
increase
（
in numbers employed
outside the home in the
twentieth
century
定语）
had
less
to
do
with
the
mechanization
（
of
house
work
定语）
and
an
increase
(in
leisure
time
定语
)
than
it
did
with
their
own
economic necessity and with high marriage rates
在主干中出现了一个比较结构：
A
had less to do with B and C than A did with D and
E
A = The increase
B=
mechanization
C= an increase
D= their own economic necessity
E= high marriage rates
并列中
加不加
with
都是可以的；
(
与其说
A
与
BC <
/p>
有关，还不如说与
DE
有关。
)
其
他
成
分
:
that
shrank
the
available
pool
of
single
women
workers,
previously, in many
cases, the only women employers would hire.
定语从句接在
high marriage
rates
后
微观分析：
the only women
（
whom
）
employers would hire.
The
only women = single women workers
同位语中加
上一个定语从
句其中
whom
被省略了
, previously, in many
cases,
状语
参考译文：
20
世纪，在家庭外被雇佣的女性人数增加了，这与其说是由于家务<
/p>
活的机器化和闲暇时间的增加，
还不如说是由于女性自身的经济需
求和由于高结
婚率。
正是高结婚率减少了单身女工劳动力资源的
数量，
而在这之前很多情况下，
她们是雇主们会雇佣的唯一女性
。
（
17
）
If the moderate end of the legal community has its
way, the
information on products might
actually be provided for the benefit of
customers and not as protection against
legal liability.
词汇突破：
moderate end
适当的目标
Legal
community
法律界
Have one
’
sway
成功，实现，得逞
Legal
liability
法律责任
主干识别：并列句
and
后面补全是：
Information might not
be provided as
protection against legal
liability
参考译文
：
如果法律界这种恰当的目标能实现的话，那么产品上的信息可能就
真是为顾客的利益而提
供的了，而不是为了避免承担法律责任。
（
18
）
At the same time, the American Law Institute--a
group of judges,
lawyers,
and
academics
whose
recommendations
carry
substantial
weight--issued new guidelines for tort
law stating that companies need
not
warn customers of obvious dangers bombard them
with a lengthy list
of possible ones.
词汇突破：
Institute
机构；
Substantial
实际
的；
Lengthy
冗长
Bombard
不断攻击
;
向
...
连续提出问题
主干识别：
the American Law
Institute issued new guidelines
其他成分：
a
group
of
judges,
lawyers,
and
academics
whose
recommendations
carry
substantial weight
同位语。
for
tort law
定语修饰
new
guidelines
。
stating that companies need not warn
customers of obvious dangers or
bombard
them
with
a
lengthy
list
of
possible
ones
定语修饰
new
guidelines
微观解析：
companies
need
not
warn
customers
of
obvious
dangers
or
bombard
them
with
a
lengthy
list
of
possible
ones
；动词为
warn
和
bombard
并列
warn
sb of sth bombard sb with sth
难点揭秘：同位语有一个隔离现象产生；
stating+
that
+
句子其中出现两个并
列的动词；
<
/p>
译文赏析：
与此同时，
美国法律协会，<
/p>
由一群法官、
律师和专家学者组成的组织，
他们的建议分量极重，
发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，
宣
称公司不必提醒顾
客注意显而易见的危险，
也不必连篇累牍地一
再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的
危险。
（
19
）<
/p>
Perhaps more than anywhere else,
investors put their faith in
accounting
firms
to
make
sure
that
the
version
of
the
figures
that
is
made
public is reasonably
true and fair.
词汇突破：
put
one
’
s faith in
信任…倚重…
reasonably
true
and
fair
（在翻译的时候只需
要翻译出真实和合理
就可以了，其中的
reasonably<
/p>
就不用翻译了，表示强调作用）
Accounting firms
（会计师事务所）
参考译文：
可能和其他地区相比，
这里的投资者最倚重于会计师事务所，
以确定
公开版本的数据是真实并且合理的
Proficiency in anything
requires a great deal of determination and self
discipline.
In
addition,
a
person’s
ability
to
cope
with
frustration
is
also a critical factor in one’s life
career.
要精通任何事情都需要极大的决心和自律精
神。
此外，
一个人应对挫折的能力也
是
影响他一生事业的一个重要因素。
（
20
）
Although
it
has
been
possible
to
infer
from
the
goods
and
services
actually
produced
what
manufactures
and
servicing trades
thought
their
customers
wanted,
only
a
study
of
relevant
personal
documents
written
by
actual
consumers will provide a precise picture of who
wanted what.
词汇突破：
manufactur
es
制造商；
servicing trades
服务业；
precise
准确的
主干识别：
a study will
provide a precise picture.
其他成分：
Although it has been
possible to infer from the goods and
services
actually
produced
what
manufactures
and
servicing
trades
thought
their customers
wanted
（状语从句）
of
relevant personal documents written by actual
consumers
（定语修饰
study,
翻译的时候不需要翻译出修饰关系）
of who
wanted what.
（定语修饰
picture
）
微观分析：
it
has been possible to infer what manufactures and
servicing
trades thought their
customers wanted
（状语从句的主干，形式主语
it
，
真的主语是：
to
infer
…）
from the
goods and services actually
produced
（状语从句中的状语）
参考译文：
尽管我们有可能从实际生产的商品和服务中推断出制造商和服务行业
对于顾客需求的想法，
但是只有对那些由实际的消费者所写就的相关
个人记录进
行研究才能精确地描述出到底是“谁”想要“什么”
。
(
但是只有对真正顾客所写
的相关个
人记录的研究才能对什么人需要什么东西提供一个精确的描述。
)
（
21
）<
/p>
Sternberg notes that traditional tests
best assess analytical and
verbal
skills but fail to measure creativity and
practical knowledge,
components also
critical to problem solving and life success.
词汇突破：
analytical
解析；
Verbal
文字的；
Components
成分
主干识别：
Sternberg notes
that+
宾语从句
其他成分：
traditional
tests
best
assess
analytical
and
verbal
skills
but
fail to measure creativity and
practical knowledge
宾语从句；
并列的动词
best assess
和
fail to measure components
also critical to
problem solving and
life success
为
creativity and
practical knowledge
的同位语；
critical to problem solving and life success
为形容词短语修
饰
components
译文赏析：
斯顿伯格指出传统的测试能最好的评估出解析能力和语言能力
而不能
衡量一个人的创造性和实际才能，
而这些都是对于解决问
题和成功人生而言极其
重要的因素。
（后置定语前置，同位语单
独成句）
（
22
）
Those
who
remain
content
with
Putinism
should
heed
it,
and
see
that,
when the interests of the powerful are
at stake, their rulers have no
compunction about compromising their
economic and political well being
词汇突破：
heed
注意到；
At stake
处于危险之中；
Compunction
内疚，懊悔，
后悔；
Compromise
妥协，退让，出让，损害；
Well being
利益
句子主干：
those should heed it
and see that+
从句
其他成分
: when the interests of
the powerful are at stake,
（宾语从句
中的状语从句）
their rulers have no compunction about
compromising their economicand
political well being
（宾语从句的主干）
参考译文：
那些对于普京主义感到满意的人应该注意到这点，
同时，
也应该认识
到当权贵们的利益有危险的时候，
统治
者们会毫无愧疚地去出让这些人的经济和
政治利益的。
（对于英
语中的代词不一定都得翻译出来，尤其是
their,
his
等形
容词的物主代词，很多时候不用翻译出来）
Emerging model
新兴模式
It is time
to start caring the sharing.
是时候去关心分享了。
（押韵）
（
23
）<
/p>
This
prosperous
community
is
the
picture
of
the
good
and
ever
longer
life
—
just what policymakers
have in mind when they say that raising
the
eligibility
age
for
Social
Security
and
Medicare
is
a
fair
way
to
rein
in the
n
ation’s troublesome debt.
<
/p>
词汇突破：
prosperous
繁荣的
；
Eligibility
有资格的
;
符合条件的
;
有能力
< br>Someone who is eligible to do something is qualified or able to do it,
for example
because they are old enough. Most half the
population are
eligible to vote in
today's election...
大约有一半人有资格参加今天的选举投票。
rein in = control
控制
主干识别：
This prosperous
community is the picture of the good and ever
longer life
其他成分：
What
做前面整个句子的同位语；同时做后面句子中
have
的宾语；
when they
say that raising the eligibility age for Social
Security and
Medicare is a fair way to
rein in the nation
’
s
troublesome debt.
状语
从句；同时有一个<
/p>
that
引导的宾语从句
参考译文：
这样一种繁荣的社区正是
高质量和更长寿生活的写照。决策者们认
为提高享受社保和医保的资格年龄会是控制国家
糟糕的债务状况的正当之道，
那
时他们脑海中有的也正是这样一
幅图画。
（
24
）
While
warnings
are
often
appropriate
and
necessary--the
dangers
of
drug
interactions,
for
example--and
many
are
required
by
state
or
federal
regulations,
it
isn’t
clear
that
they
actually
protect
the
manufacturers
and sellers
from liability if a customer is injured.
词汇突破：
appropriate
：恰当的、合适的
liability
：责任（
duty
，
obligation,
commitment
的同义替换词）
主干识别：
it
isn
’
t clear that
+
主语从句（
it
为形式主语）
其他成分：
while warnings are
often appropriate and necessary and many
are required by state or federal
regulations.
让步状语从句
the dangers of drug interactions, for
example.
插入语
that
they
actually
protect
the
manufacturers
and
sellers
from
liab
ility
：
宾语从句。
if a
customer is injured
：条件状语从句
微观解析：
由
while
引导的时间状语从句中，
大的并列可还原为
while
warnings
are
often
…
and many warnings are
required
…
译文赏析：
尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的
--
比如对
于药物相互作用的危险提出
警告
--
许
多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而
(
我们
)
并不清楚，
如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警
告其实是在使其生产者和销售者豁免责任。
如果说某事是
a long shot,
意思是实现此事的机会不大。
I'm
looking for a first edition of Alice in Wonderland
for my mother's
birthday. I know it's a
long shot, but do you have one in stock? My
favourite football team is in the cup
final at the weekend. I think we
could
win,
but
it’s
a
long
s
hot.
We
could
ask
the
company
to
replace
your
broken smart phone for free. It's a
long shot, but it's worth trying.
（
25
）
The
railroad
industry
as
a
whole,
despite
its
brightening
fortuning
fortunes, still does not earn enough to
cover the cost of the capital it
must
invest to keep up with its surging traffic.
词汇突破：
fortuning
：可观的（由
fortune
变化而来）
Fortune
财富，未来
Surging
：汹涌澎湃的。但是在句子中是表示迅速发展的
Traffic
运量
（
在用于网络的描述时表示：流量）
Cover
可以表达的意思很丰富。
例如（
1
）
a
horse one day can cover 14
miles.
（表示走过的距离）
（
2
）
100
dollars
could
cover
my
monthly
spending.
（表示需要的金钱）
等，还可以表示“报道的意思”
主干识别：
the railroad industry
does not earn enough
其他成分：
as
a whole
定语；
despite its
brightening fortuning fortunes
插入语（这里的<
/p>
despite
可以换为
in
spite of
）
；
it must
invest
定语从句
（这里省略
了
that
）
；
to cover the cost of the capital it must invest
to
keep up with its surging traffic.
表目的的不定式
微观解析：
the
capital
it
must
invest
to
keep
up
with
its
surging
traffic.
it must invest
为省略了
that
的定语从句
to keep up
with its traffic
为定语修饰
capital
句中较长的插入语可以转化为让步状语从句：
though
it owns brightening
fortuning
fortunes
。
译文赏析：
就铁路工业整体而言，
尽管拥有大好形势，
但它的收入仍旧不可以与
资本的消耗相平衡，而这些资本则是为了满足庞大的交通体系而
必须的。
（多个
后置定语出现时可以用前置和拆分的方法分别处
理）
Our business
has suffered not a little through the war.
主谓：
The effect
upon our business of the war has been striking.
主系表
The war has
affected our business to remarkable extent.
主谓宾
The war has
done our business much harm.
主谓宾
1
宾
2
The war has rendered our business dull.
主
谓宾
宾补
（
26
）
They
gather
all
the
data
they
can,
not
just
performance
statistics
and biographical
details but also the results of their own
laboratory
experiments with high
achievers.
词汇突破：
statistics
数据；
Achievers
获得成功的人<
/p>
(
写作过程中可以使用固定词伙：
statistics and details)
主干识别：
They gather all the
data.
主谓宾结构。
其他成分：
they
can
的完整表达为：
that they can
gather
，出于简洁的考
虑省掉了
that <
/p>
和
gather
；
not
just
performance
statistics
and
biographical
details
but
also
the
results
of
their
own
laboratory
experiments
with
high
achievers
整个部分是
data
的同位语
微观解析：同位语中第一部分是
performance
statistics and biographical
details
第二个部分为：
the
results
of
their
own
laboratory
experiments
with
high
achievers.
其中
with high
achievers
为定语修饰
experiments. <
/p>
译文赏析：
他们尽其所能收集了一切数据，
这些数据不仅包括表现数据和生物信
息，而且也包括了那些表现优异者在实验室中所取
得的实验结果。
（
27
）
The examples of
Virtual Vineyards,, and other pioneers
show that a Web site selling the right
kind of products with the right
mix
of
interactivity,
hospitality,
and
security
will
attract
online
customers.
词汇突破：
i
nteractivity
互动性；
Hospitality
友好性；
Security
安全性
主干识别：
The examples show that<
/p>
…
+
宾语从句；主谓宾结构
其他成分：
of
Virtual
Vineyards,
,
and
other
pioneers
做
example
的同位语，我们把其看做为：
A of B
的结构
，
A
为上义词，
B
< br>为下义词；这样
在翻译的处理中我们不需要生硬的翻译为…的例子
；
a Website selling the
right
kind
of
products
with
the
right
mix
of
interactivity,
hospitality,
and security will attract online
customers.
宾语从句
微观解析：
selling the right kind
of products with the right mix of
interactivity, hospitality, and
security
现在分词短语修饰
a website;
宾语从句主干为：
a Website will
attract online customers.
译文赏析：像
Virtual Vineyards
，
Amazon
．
com
这样的先驱网站表明，一个将
交互性、
服务性和安全性合理结合，
且销售正确产品的网站是可以吸引来网上客
< br>户的。
（宾语从句单独成句
;
在翻译
example
of
…的时候翻译为像…）
（
28
）
A
financial vehicle that saw the euro zone take most
risk through
equity,
other
governments
a
bit
more
through
subordinated
debt
and
private-sector investors
the least through senior debt is still a long
shot.
词汇突破：
A
financial vehicle
融资工具和融资方式
Equity
权益
；
subordinated debt
次级贷；
senior debt
优先款
a long shot :
很少机会成功的尝试（注意：不要用字典的解释去用到翻译
中，
一定要根据语境来决定具体的表达。
Reaching
our
sales
goal
this
quarter
is
along
shot
because
of
the
economy.
由于经济原因，本季度我们不太可能完成销售目标
.
主干识别：
A financial vehicle is
still a long shot.
其他成分：
that
saw the euro zone take most risk through equity,
other
governments
a
bit
more
through
subordinated
debt
and
private-sector
investors
the
least
through
senior
debt
定语从句，<
/p>
that=financial
vehicle
在翻译的时候一定单独成句。
翻译点拨：
financial vehicle
不可能发出
saw
的动作，所以不能
翻译为：融
资方式看见。
其实就是指：
融资方式是什么样子的；
the
euro
zone
take
most
risk
through equity,
后面是并列引起的省略补全后是：
other
governments take a
bit more through
subordinated debt andprivate-sector investors take
the
least through senior debt is still
a long shot.
翻译出来是：欧元区通过
普通股票吸
收最多的风险，
其他政府通过次级贷吸收稍多的风险，
而私有行
业的
投资者则通过优先债吸收最少的风险。
（翻译的时候注意调
整语序）
参考译文：
欧元区通过普通
股票吸收最多的风险，
其他政府通过次级贷吸收稍多
的风险，<
/p>
而私有行业的投资者则通过优先债吸收最少的风险，
这种融资模式
依然
是不太可能实现的。
（
29
）
But
everybody knows Obama needs a liberal to stop the
court from
moving further to the right
than it already has under John Roberts, the
present chief justice, a man more
stealth-bomber than aircraft-carrier,
whose
professions
of
judicial
modesty
during
his
own
confirmation
hearings
in
2005
gave
little
inkling
of
the
controversial
decisions
over
which he has since presided.
词汇突破：
liberal
自由主义者；
Chief justice
大法官
Stealth-
bomber
隐形轰炸机；
Aircraft-
carrier
航空母舰
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