-
专题限时检测
(
二十
四
)
阅读理解
D
篇增分练
(
二
)
(
共
2
篇，限时
20
分钟
)
A
The United
Nations Climate Change Conference takes place next
week in Poland.
About 20,000 people
from 190 countries are expected to take part in
the conference.
There, world leaders
will debate how to limit climate change
—
the weather events
linked
to
slowly
rising
temperatures
on
Earth.
They
will
discuss
ways
to
reduce
carbon
emissions (
排放物
)
and other pollution which, scientists say, can
give rise to
long?term changes to our
planet.
For
environmentalists,
one
area
of
concern
is
South
America's
Amazon
rainforest.
Brazil
holds
about
60
percent
of
the
Amazon
rainforest. It
is
also
the
most
biodiverse
country on Earth, with more than 56,000
species of plants, 1,700 species of birds,
695 amphibians, 578 mammals, and 651
reptiles. Studies have shown that the Amazon
takes in as much as 2 billion tons of
carbon dioxide a year and releases about 20
percent of Earth's oxygen.
Scientists wonder whether the
rainforest will be protected under Brazil's next
president, Jair Bolsonaro, who began to
take office on January 1, 2019. Bolsonaro
had said that his country should
withdraw from the 2015 Paris Agreement. Under the
agreement, most nations promised to
reduce carbon emissions by 37 percent over 2005
levels by the year 2030. T
he
president?elect claims a mandate (授权
)
from voters
to
develop
land
for
agriculture
and
other
purposes.
He
said
that
Brazil's
rainforest
protection is standing in the way of
economic success.
Scientists say
deforestation is a major reason for climate
change. Studies have
linked
rising
temperatures
to
the
destruction
of
forests.
Scientists
worry
about
the
future
of
the
Amazon.
New
Brazilian
government
records
show
the
speed
of
deforestation
has increased
over the past year.
～
Carlos
Nobre, a climate scientist at the University of
S
a
o Paulo, told the
Associated
Press
that
it
is
almost
impossible
to
say
just
how
important
the
rainforest
is to the
planet's living systems. Some scientists call the
Amazon “the lungs of
the planet”. They
liken it to human lungs. Each tree
takes in and stores carbon
dioxide from
the air around it. The trees also release the
oxygen we need to live.
The Amazon,
the world's largest rainforest, also creates
weather. Billions of
trees pull up
water through their roots. Then the trees release
water vapor into the
- 1 -
air.
The
vapor
forms
a
thick
mist,
made
up
of
tiny
drops
of
water.
These
water
particles
move up into the
clouds and later return to earth as rain.
Scientists estimate that
the Amazon
creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall.
During the election campaign, Bolsonaro
promised to ease protection for areas
of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for
native peoples and wildlife. He said that
indigenous lands and nature reserves
restrict economic growth.“All these reserves
cause problems for
development
，”he said. The
president?elect also talked about
taking
away
the
power
of
Brazil's
environmental
ministry
to
enforce
laws
for
protecting the
environment.
～
Paulo Artaxo
is a professor of environmental physics at the
University of S
a
o
Paulo.
He
said
that
if
Bolsonaro
keeps
his
campaign
promises,
then
“deforestation
of
the
Amazon
will
probably
increase
quickly
—
and
the
effects
will
be
felt
everywhere
on the
planet”．
However,
senator?elect Luiz Carlos Heinze, noted that
farmers are no
t invaders
(
侵略者
), but
producers. He blamed the past administrations for
supporting native
rights
at
the
expense
of
farmers. “Brazil，
” he
said，
“will
be
the
biggest
farming
nation on Earth
during Bolsonaro's years.”
Scientists warn that if the Amazon and
other rainforests lose too many trees,
this could affect rainfall and global
climate. Nobre and others estimate that the
“tipping” point
(引爆点
)
for
the
Amazon
system
is
20
to
25
percent
deforestation.
Without
enough trees to
support the rainfall,
the longer
and bigger
dry
season could
turn more than
half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，亚马孙热带雨林对整个地球的生态有着举足轻
重
的作用。其中，约
60%
的部分位于
巴西。而
2019
年上任的巴西总统贾伊尔·波索那罗承诺为<
/p>
了发展本国经济将允许农民砍伐更多的热带雨林树木，对此很多人感到忧心忡忡。
1
．
What
does the author say about the Amazon rainforest?
A
．
It
is home to more than 56,000 species of plants.
B
．
It
makes up about 60% of Brazil's rainforests.
C
．
It
creates 30 to 50 percent of the world's rainfall.
D
．
It
supplies about 20 percent of the oxygen to Earth.
解析：选
D
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Stud
ies have
shown that the Amazon takes
in
as
much
as
2
billion
tons
of
carbon
dioxide
a
year
and
releases
about
20
percent
of Earth's oxygen.”可
知，亚马孙热带雨林为地球供应大约
20%
的氧气。故选
D
。
2. Why
does Bolsonaro want to withdraw Brazil from the
2015 Paris Agreement?
- 2 -
A
．
Because he
thinks it impossible to achieve.
B
．
Because it is
against his promises to his voters.
C
．
Because he
thinks it will sacrifice Brazil's economy.
D
．
Because it will
influence Brazil's rainforest protection.
解析：选
C
推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的亚马孙热带雨林储存二氧化碳和释放氧气
的重要作用
和第三段中的“Bolsonaro has said that his country should
withdraw ...
He said that Brazil's
rainforest protection is standing in the way of
economic
success.”可知，波索那罗想让巴西退出
《巴黎协定》是因为这一协定要求巴西减少二氧
化碳的排放，这就意味着巴
西要保护好其境内的热带雨林，但波索那罗认为这种保护会阻
碍巴西经济的发展。故选<
/p>
C
。
3.
Which of the following statements may Carlos Nobre
agree with?
A
．The significance of
rainforests is to be re?evaluated.
B
．
The
value of rainforests can not be overemphasized.
C
．
It's unwise for
Brazil to quit the 2015 Paris Agreement.
D
．
It's wrong to
link rainforests to the planet's living systems.
解析：选
B
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“it is almost impossible
to say just how
important the
rainforest is to the planet's living
systems”可知，
Carlos Nobre
认为热带雨
林对地球生命系统非常重要。故选
B
。
4. What is Luiz Carlos Heinze's
attitude to Bolsonaro's campaign promises?
A
．
Doubtful.
C
．
Favorable.
B
．
Critical.
D
．
Concerned.
解
析
：
选
C
观
点
< br>态
度
题
。
根
据
倒
数
第
二
段
的
内
容
尤
其
是
“He
blamed
the
past
administrations
for
supporting
native
rights
at
the
expense
of
farmers.‘Brazil，’he
said,
‘will
be
the
biggest
farming
nation
on
Earth
during
Bols
onaro's
years.’”可知，
Luiz Carlos Heinze
责备先前的巴西政府为了保护热带雨
林地区而牺牲了农民的利益，而且他认为在波索那
罗执政期间，巴西会成为地球上最大的
农业国家。由此可推知，他对波索那罗的承诺是持
赞同态度的。故选
C
。
5. What will probably happen if
Bolsonaro's promises are carried out?
A
．
Native peoples'
shelters will no longer be protected.
B
．
Brazil will
surely see a rapid increase in its economy.
C
．Laws to protect the
environment will be strengt?hened.
D
．
Global warming
will worsen because of deforestation.
解析：选
D
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“if Bolsonaro keeps his
campaign
promises ... the effects will
be f
elt everywhere on the
planet”和最后一段中的
- 3 -
“Scientists warn that ...
global climate.”可知，如果波索那罗信守了他的承诺，
即为了发展巴
西的农业经济，允许农民砍伐更多的树木，这可能会导致亚马孙的森林砍伐
量迅速增加，
进而对全球气候产生影响，全球变暖问题将会恶化。故选
D
。<
/p>
6
．
Which is the
most suitable title for this passage?
A
．
Are Brazil's
rainforests in danger?
B
．
What threats
the Amazon rainforest?
C
．
Why is the
Amazon rainforest important?
D
．
Will Brazil's
rainforests survive climate change?
解析：选
A
标题归纳题。文章重点讲
述
2019
年上任的巴西总统波索那罗承诺为了发展巴
西本国的经济要退出《巴黎协定》
，允许农民砍伐更多的热带雨林树木，
这会对全球气候产
生恶劣影响。因此很多人对此感到担忧。故
A
项“巴西的热带雨林处于危险之中吗？”作
本文标题最佳。
B
(2019·无锡模拟
)Stars blazed
(
猛烈地燃烧
) in the sky above
Spook like a million
tiny suns.
They
shone
through
the
mists,
which
had
—
during
the
last
year
—
become
thinner and weaker. At first, he had
thought the world itself was changing. Then
he had realized that it was just his
feeling. Somehow, by burning tin in his body
for so long, he had permanently
strengthened his senses to a point far beyond
what
other Allomancers could attain.
The
burned
tin
had
begun
as
a
reaction
to
Clubs's
death.
Spook
still
felt
terrible
about the way he'd escaped,
leaving his
uncle to die. During those
first few weeks,
Spook had burned his
metals as almost a self?punishment
—
he'd wanted to feel
everything
around
him,
take
it
all
in,
even
though
it
was
painful,
or
perhaps
because
it was painful.
But then
he'd started to
change,
and that had worried him. But,
the crew always
talked
about how hard Vin pushed herself. She rarely
slept, using pewter (
白镴
) to
keep
herself
awake
and
alert.
Spook
didn't
know
how that
worked
—
he
was
no
Mistborn,
and could only born one metal
—
but he figured that if
burning his one metal could
give him an
advantage, he'd better take it, because they were
going to need every
advantage they
could get.
The starlight was like
daylight to him. During the actual day, he had to
wear
a
cloth
tied
across
his
eyes
to
protect
them,
and
even
then
going
outside
was
sometimes
blinding. His skin
had become so sensitive that each little stone in
the ground felt
like a knife jabbing
(
猛刺
) him through the bottom
of his feet. The cold spring air
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