-quota
般将来时讲解与练习
一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
句中一般有以下时间状语:
t
onight
,
in
the
future
,
tomorrow,
next
day
(
week, mon th,
yea
「
…
)
,so on, the day after tomorrow
(后天)
,
in+
段
时间(在
...
之后)等。
二、
基
本结构:①主语
+be going
to + do;
②主语
+will+
do.
③ 主语
(
只能为
I
/We
)
+shall+do
三、
否
定句
:在①
be
动词(
am, is, a
re
)后加
not
;
< br>②
will
后加
not
成
won
'
t
:③
shall
后加
not
成
shan' t
例如:
I
'
m going to have a pic nic this after
noon.
—
I
'
m not going to
have a picnic
this afternoon.
四、
一
般疑问句:
be
或
will
或
shall
提到
句首,
some
改为
any,
and
改
为
or
,
第一二人称互换。
例如:
We are going
to go for a walk this weekend.
1
—
Are you going
to go for a walk this weekend?
五、对划线部分提
问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情
况。
1.
New York soon.
问人。
Who
例如
:
I’
m
going to New York soon.
f
Who's going to
2.
问干什么。
What
…
do.
例如:
My father is
going to watch a match with me this afternoon.
f
What is your father going
to do with you this afternoon?
3.
问什么时候。
When.
例如:
She
'
s going to go
to bed at nine.
f
When is
she
going to bed?
六、
同义句:
be going to
= will
I am going to go swimming
tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
七、
be going to
和
will
的区别
be going to
和
will
的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,
但它们的
用法是有区别
的。
2
(
1
)
be
going to
主要用于:
1<
/p>
、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。
E.g.
What are you
going to do today?
今天你们打算做什么?
Dad
and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和
爸爸打算去
看歌剧。
I
'
m going to
play the violin.
我打算拉小提琴。
She
'
s going to
play the piano.
她打算弹钢琴。
2
、表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。
E.g.
Look!
There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!乌云密集,
天
要下雨。
I am afraid I am going to have a cold.
恐怕我要患重感冒。
(
2
)
will
主要用于在以下几个方面:
1
、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。
< br>
eg:
3
They will go to visit the factory
tomorrow.
明天他们将去工厂参观。
I
'
ll come with
Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.
我将和王兵、
刘涛、
杨玲一起
来。
2
、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。
eg:
Today is
Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
今天是星期六。
明天是
日。
He will be thirty years old this time
next year.
明年这个时候他就(将)
3
、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。
eg:
Will you
please turn on the radio?
请打开收音机好吗?
Will
you go to the zoo with me?
你和我一起去动物园好吗?
八、一般将来是特殊用法:
1
)
be
+
不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to talk about the report next
Saturday.
4
三十岁。
(将)是星期
2
)
be
about to +
不定式,意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意:
be about
to
不能与
tomorrow, next
week
等表示明确将来时的
时间状语连
用。
3
)有些表趋向性的动词可用想在进行时表将来:例如:
go
,
come
,
arrive
,
fly
(
飞往
)
,
reach
(
至
p>
U
达),
stay
,
leave, start, die...
如:
I
'
m going to go
to the zoo this weenend.=
'
I
m going to the zoo this weenend.
He
'
s going to
leave for Paris.= He
'
s
leaving for Paris.
The old man is
dying.=The old man will die.
这个老人要去世。
4
)要注意“主将从现”这一语法现象:重要连词有:
if
(
如果
)
,
as soon
as
一.…就<
/p>
...
)
,when
(
当…时候
)
,
< br>before
,
after
,
until
(
直到
not..until
直
<
/p>
到
...
才
)<
/p>
,
unless
(
=not...if
除非
)
...
If it rains, we won
'
t have a picnic next week.
5
I
'
ll tell you the news as
soon as you come back.
时态详解:一般将来时
1.
一般将来时的定义
一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
常用时
间畐
U
词
tomorrow, soon
或短语
n ext year /
week / mon th, i n a few days, in the
future, sometime
做状语。如:
What will
you do this afternoon.
你今天下午干什么?
We will
have a meeting tomorrow.
我们明天要开会。
He is
going to study abroad n ext
year.
明年他要出国学习。
6
2.
一般将来时的结构及应用
(1)
shall / will +
动词原形。
表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
特别
是表示客观性的
事情或在某条件下要发生的事情,
只能用此结构。如:
What
shall we do if he doesn
'
t
come?
如果他不来,我们该怎么办?
Will you be free this evening?
今天晚上有空吗?
I think
he will tell us the truth.
我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。
(from
(2)
be
going to +
动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情,也可
表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如:
We are going to have a meeting to
discuss the matter this evening.
今天
晚上开会讨
论这件事情。
Look at the black clouds over there. I
think it is going to rain soon.
看一
看那边的乌
云,我想天要下雨了。
There is going to be an English evening
this week.
本周要举行一个英
语晚会。
7
(3)
be to +
动词原形。
表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。
如:
Who is to clea
n the classroom
today?
今天该谁打扫教室了?
When are you to return your library
book?
你什么时候要还图书?
The bridge is to be completed by the
end of this year.
这渡桥该在今年
年底前完工。
(4)
be about to +
动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗
含一种时间上的巧
合,因此,句子不能再用时间状语。如:
Don
'
t leave.
Li Lei is about to come.
不要走了,李蕾就要来了。
Be
quiet. The con cert is about to
start.
安静下来,音乐演唱会就要开始
了。
(5)
be
+
现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中
动词主要是瞬间动
词:
come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start,
stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy
等。如:
Go ahead,
and
'
I m coming.
走前面一点吧,我就来。
The
dog is dying.
那条狗要死了。
8
Hurry up. The shop is closing.
快点,商店就要关门了。
(6)
一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说,上
课、飞机起飞、火车
离站等。如:
Don
'
t hurry. The
meeting starts at a quarter past
eight
不要匆忙,回忆
八点过一刻
开始。
The bus goes back at four thirty.
汽车四点返回。
(from
一般将来时也译为单纯将来时。
例
A
:
I
shall not come if it rains
tomorrow
.
(如明天下雨我就不来。
)
例
B
:
My
brother will leave for the United States next
week
.
(我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。
)
解说
从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词
“
shall
/
wi
ll
”。关
于“
shall
/
will
”的用法,传统文法谈得很多,同
时
各文法学家的理论也不很一致。
更重要的是英国人和美国人对
“
shall
/
will
”的用法规则并不很一致,也不很严谨,所
以本书
拟只
提供下面的五个规则,
相信各位只要把下面这五个规则学通了,
你的
“
sh
all
/
will
”的用法就可以中规中矩了。
①
说或写都尽量使用“
I'll
,
You'll
,
He'll
,
She'll
,
It'll
,
We'll
,
They'll
< br>…”的简缩形(如用法例
2
、
3
)。
9
②
要表达主语的“意志” ,通常都用“
will
”(文法上称为意志将
来。)
例
A
:
I won't see him
again
.
(我不愿意再和他见面。
)
例
B
:
Who will go and
help that poor old man?
(谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人?)
Mary will
.
(玛莉愿意。)
③
说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去,通常用“ 例
A
:
shall
”。
You shall not do that
again
.
(你不可以再做那样的事。
)
例
B
:
He
shall return that book
tomorrow
.
(明天他必须把那本书归还。
)
④
第一人称问句使用“
shall
”。
例
A
:
Shall I call you a taxi ?
(需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗?)
例
B
:
Shall we
tell her the truth
?
(我们可以把实情告诉她吗?)
⑤
问句是“
Shall
…
?
”,答句就用“
shall
?
”;问句用“
< br>Will
答句就用“
will
?
”。
例
A
:
Shall you go to
school tomorrow
?
(你明天须要上学去吗?)
Yes
,
I
shall
.
We'll
have an exam
.
(是的,我必须去。我们明天有考试。
)
例
B
:
Will you go to
school with me tomorrow
?
(明天你要不要和我一道去学
校?)
10
No
,
I
won't
.
I'm going
on a picnic
.
(我不要。我已定好要去郊游。
)
注:
Let's
…”的附加疑问通常使用“…,
shall we
?
”。
Let's have a
res
,
t shall we?
(我们休息一下,怎样?)
一般将来时除了使用“
shall
/
will
+
V
…”以外,也可以使用
下列的几种句式来表
达。
1. ....................................
.....................
be
going to
+
V
…(即将会
;打算将
)
例
A
:
It is going to
rain
.
Take an
umbrella with you
.
(带一把伞去。看样子就要下雨了。
)
例
B
:
The Browns are
going to move to Australia
.
(布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去。
)
2.
be about to
+
V
(即将
....
,指紧接着要发生的动作。)
例:
Let's wait a
minute
.
He is about to
arrive
.
(我们等一下。他即将会到达。
)
3.
...............................................
be
+
V
—
ing
…(定于
,指接近的将来动
作。)
例:
He is leaving for Hong
Kong tomorrow morning
.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去。
)
4.
.......................................
be
+
to V
(定于
,指预定的将来动作。)
例:
She is to be
here at 9
:
00
a
.
m
.
tomorrow
.
(她定于明晨九时到达这里。
)
5.
V
—(
e
)
s
11
(定于……,指接近的将来动作,但不如第
例:
He leaves for
Hong Kong tomorrow morning
.
3
项
主观。)
(他定于明天早晨到香港去。——与(
3
)项的区别在于(
3
)项
的动作是出自主语的决定,
(
5
)项则不一定是出自主语的决定。
)
常用于修饰一般将
来时的时间副词有:
tomorrow
,
tomorrow
morning
(
afternoon
,
evening
),
next
+
时间
(
next night
,
next
Mon day
…,
n ext week,
mon th
…,
n ext
summer
…
,
n ext
year
)
.
in
(
the
)
future
(将来),
soon
(不久之后),
in
+时间
(
in five days
---
再
过五天,
in two
weeks
-------
再过二星期),
etc
.
Drilling
Square
I
.
请在下列各题空格处填入
shall
或
will
。
1.
You
_____ not drive through a red
light
.
2.
I _____
do everything for
her
.
3.
______
you help
me with this heavy bag
,
John?
4.
______
I help you with that heavy
bag
,
Madam?
5.
_____________________________________
Let's go and take a walk
after dinne
,
r
________________________________
we?
6.
________
leave the classroom if I
haven't said Oka
,
y
teache
.
r
7.
It
____
soon be
over
,
I am
sure
.
8.
Do what you
_____
,
but don't go
out
.
9.
I _____
take you there
with me
,
if it's OK with
your mother
.
10.
_____________________
Rain or shine
,
I
come
.
12
H.
请在下列各题空格处就所设动词给予适当的将来时。
1.
A
:
How do you want
to go to Hualain
,
by air or
by train?
B
:
I am
not in a hurry this time
,
so
I
(
1
)
take the train
.
2
.
A
:(
2
)
(
you like
)
to go to the
game this afternoon?
B
:
I'd
love to
.
Where
(
3
)
(
we
meet
)
?
A
:
You just stay
home and wait for me
.
I
(
4
)
drive my car
there
,
so I
(
5
)
(
pick
)
you up at about
1
:
30
.
3
.
A
:
p>
It's a good dictionary
.
I
(<
/p>
6
)(
buy
)
it
,
but I don't have money
with
me now
.
B
:
Don't worry
.
I
(
7
)
(
lend
)
you
.
4
.
A
:
I hear Miss
Chen
(
8
)
leave our school and teach in a bigger
school
in Taipei
.
B
:
But the
principal
(校长)
(
9
)
not
let her go
.
He
says she
(
10
)
teach at least for another semester
until he finds a new
teach
.
er
情况
构成方法
读
音
例词
一般情况
加
-
s
1
.清辅音后读
/s/
;
map
-
maps
2
.浊辅音和元音后
读
/z/
;
以
s
,
sh
,
ch
,
ba
g
-
bags
car
-
cars
x
等结尾的词
加
-
es
读
/iz/
bus
-
buses
watch
-
watches
13
以
ce
,
se
,
ze
,
(
d
)
ge
等结尾的词
加
-
s
读
/iz/
license
-
licenses
以辅音字母
14
+
y
结尾的词
变
y
为
i
加
es
读
/z/
baby
——
babies
练习:
一、填空。
1.
我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I
_________
______
_
picnic with my
friends.
2.
下个星期一你打算去干嘛
?
我想去打篮球。
What
________
_______
________
________
Monday?
I
______
________
_______
play basketball.
3.
你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。
your mother
go ?
Yes, she ________ .
She ____
_______
_____
4.
你们打算什么时候见面?
What
time ____________ you
_________
meet?
15
have a
next
shopping this
buy some
fruit.
二、改句子。
5.
Nancy is going to go
camping
(
.
改否定)
Nancy
_
_____
going to go
camping.
6.1
'
II go and
join them.
(改否定)
I
_
______
go
_
_____
join them.
7. I
'
m going to
get up at 6:30 tomorrow
(
.
改一般疑问句)
_______
______
_______
to get up at 6:30
tomorrow?
8. We wiII meet at the bus
stop at 10:30
(
.
改一般疑问句)
______
_______
meet at the bus stop at 10:30?
9. She is going to Iisten to music
after schooI
(
.
对划线部分提问)
_______
______
she
_________________________
after schooI?
10.
My father and mother are going to see a
play the day after
tomorrow.(
同上
)
________
________ going to see a play the day
after tomorrow?
16
三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
11. Today is a sunny day. We
________ (have) a picnic this
afternoon.
12. My brother
_____________
(go) to
Shanghai next week.
13. Tom often
_____________ (go) to school on foot. But today is
raining ,he _____________ (go) to
school by bike.
14. What do you usually
do at weekends?
I usually
_
________
(watch) TV and
_________
(
catch) insects?
15. It
'
s Friday
today. What
_________ she
_______ (do) this weekend?
She ________ (watch) TV and
________ (catch)
insec
(
ts
害虫
)
.
16.
What
_
_________
(do)
you do on Sundays? I
__________
(pick)
apples on
a farm.
What _____________
(do) next Sunday? I ________________
(milk)
cows.
17
17.
Mary __________
(visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18.
Liu Tao ____________
(fly) kites in the playground after
school
every Friday.
19.
David
_____________
(give) a painting show next Monday.
20.
I
_____________
(plan) for my
study now.
21.
____________
We
(buy) him a pen for his birthday
next week.
22.I
___________
(call)you when I get there.
23.
_______
I
______
(begin)to play
computer games?
it
______
(be) sunny tomorrow, we
___________ (have)a picnic
outside.
25.I
_________ (tell)him the news when I see
him at the office.
26.
__________________ There
(not be)a football match next month.
27.
_________ --- ________
he
next Friday?
(give)a talk on
“
Works of art
”
18
---No, he _____ . He
______ (visit) the Palace Museum.
28.
Where _____ Tom
_______ (go) the day after tomorrow?
29.
She
_
______ (not go) swimming
this weekend.
30.
She
_
______ (watch) TV every
evening. But she __________
(not
watch) TV tonight.
四、单项选择:
1.
_____________ Mother
me a
nice present on my next birthday.
A.
will gives B. will give
C. gives D.
give
2.
_________ He
her a beautiful hat on her next
birthday.
A. gives B. gave C. will give
D. is going giving
3.
He
__in three days.A. coming back B. came back C.
will come back D.
is going to coming
back
4.
Who _______
_______
swimming with us tomorrow afternoon?
A. will; go B. do; go
C.
will; going
19
D.
shall; goes
5.
The day after tomorrow they
______
a
volleyball match.
A. will watch B.
watches C. is watching D. to watch
6.
They _______
an
English evening next Sunday.
A. are
having B. are going to have
to have
C. will having D. is going
7.
______
you
________
free next Sunday?
A. Will; are B. Will; be
C. Do; be D.
Are; be
8.
He
_
_______ there at ten
tomorrow morning. A. will B. is
C. will
be
D. be
9.
I
__
___
a teacher in the future. A. will, be
B. is, be C. is, being
D. will, is
10.
_______
They
to the park next Sunday.
A. will goes B. will go C.
is going D.
will go
11.
___________ My
family
to church next weekend. A.
will go B. goes
C. will going D. is
going
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12.
________________
My mother will me a pencil tonight.
A. gives B. giving C.
give
13.
_______
He
play football tomorrow. A. will B. is C. be
14.
________________________
My grandpa and grandma
to see us in
two
days.
A. will coming B.
will come C. is coming D. are coming
___ ___ TV this evening. A. wills watch B. will
watching C. is
watching D. will watch
grandpa
___
____
at home the day after
tomorrow.
A. will stay B. wills stay C.
will stays D. is staying
will
____
back soon. A. comes B.
coming C. comes D. Come
朋友们,看看自己掌握一般将来了吗?
如果掌握了,那就认真复习,好好巩固!再接再厉!
如果还没有,再多看几遍,多做些题,相信你很快就会掌握的!加油
啊!
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