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一般将来时与被动语态的具体讲解与练习

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2021-01-29 14:37
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2021年1月29日发(作者:clustered)


般将来时讲解与练习



一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态



句中一般有以下时间状语:



t


onight




in


the future




tomorrow, next



day



week, mon th, yea





,so on, the day after tomorrow


(后天)


,


in+




时间(在



...


之后)等。



二、




本结构:①主语


+be going to + do;


②主语


+will+ do.


③ 主语




只能为



I /We



+shall+do


三、




定句 :在①


be


动词(


am, is, a re


)后加


not


;

< br>②


will


后加


not




won


'


t


:③


shall


后加



not




shan' t


例如:


I


'


m going to have a pic nic this after noon.



I


'


m not going to


have a picnic this afternoon.


四、



般疑问句:


be



will



shall


提到 句首,


some


改为


any, and





or


,


第一二人称互换。



例如:



We are going to go for a walk this weekend.


1






Are you going to go for a walk this weekend?


五、对划线部分提 问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情



况。



1.


New York soon.



问人。


Who


例如



I’


m going to New York soon.


f


Who's going to


2.


问干什么。

< p>
What



do.


例如:



My father is going to watch a match with me this afternoon.


f


What is your father going to do with you this afternoon?


3.


问什么时候。



When.


例如:



She


'


s going to go to bed at nine.


f


When is she


going to bed?


六、



同义句:



be going to = will


I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow.


七、



be going to



will


的区别



be going to




will


的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,



但它们的



用法是有区别


的。



2





1



be going to


主要用于:



1< /p>


、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。



E.g.



What are you going to do today?


今天你们打算做什么?



Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.


今天下午我和



爸爸打算去


看歌剧。



I


'


m going to play the violin.


我打算拉小提琴。



She


'


s going to play the piano.


她打算弹钢琴。



2


、表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。



E.g.



Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.


瞧!乌云密集,





要下雨。



I am afraid I am going to have a cold.


恐怕我要患重感冒。




2




will


主要用于在以下几个方面:



1


、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。

< br>


eg:



3




They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.


明天他们将去工厂参观。



I


'


ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.


我将和王兵、



刘涛、



杨玲一起


来。



2


、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。



eg:



Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.


今天是星期六。



明天是


日。



He will be thirty years old this time next year.


明年这个时候他就(将)


3

< p>
、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。



eg:



Will you please turn on the radio?


请打开收音机好吗?



Will you go to the zoo with me?


你和我一起去动物园好吗?



八、一般将来是特殊用法:



1




be +


不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。



We are to talk about the report next Saturday.


4




三十岁。




(将)是星期



2




be about to +


不定式,意为马上做某事。



He is about to leave for Beijing.


注意:


be about to


不能与


tomorrow, next week


等表示明确将来时的



时间状语连


用。


3


)有些表趋向性的动词可用想在进行时表将来:例如:



go



come




arrive


,


fly



飞往


< p>
,


reach




U


达),


stay


,


leave, start, die...


如:



I


'


m going to go to the zoo this weenend.=


'


I m going to the zoo this weenend.


He


'


s going to leave for Paris.= He


'


s leaving for Paris.


The old man is dying.=The old man will die.


这个老人要去世。



4


)要注意“主将从现”这一语法现象:重要连词有:


if


如果



,


as soon



as


一.…就< /p>


...



,when


当…时候



,

< br>before


,


after


,


until



直到


not..until



< /p>



...



)< /p>


, unless



=not...if


除非



...


If it rains, we won


'


t have a picnic next week.


5




I


'


ll tell you the news as soon as you come back.


时态详解:一般将来时



1.


一般将来时的定义



一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。



常用时



间畐



U




tomorrow, soon


或短语



n ext year / week / mon th, i n a few days, in the


future, sometime


做状语。如:



What will you do this afternoon.


你今天下午干什么?



We will have a meeting tomorrow.


我们明天要开会。



He is going to study abroad n ext year.


明年他要出国学习。



6




2.


一般将来时的结构及应用



(1)


shall / will +


动词原形。



表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。



特别



是表示客观性的


事情或在某条件下要发生的事情,



只能用此结构。如:



What shall we do if he doesn


'


t come?


如果他不来,我们该怎么办?



Will you be free this evening?


今天晚上有空吗?



I think he will tell us the truth.


我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。



(from


(2)


be going to +


动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情,也可



表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如:



We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening.


今天



晚上开会讨


论这件事情。



Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon.


看一



看那边的乌


云,我想天要下雨了。



There is going to be an English evening this week.


本周要举行一个英



语晚会。



7




(3)


be to +


动词原形。



表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。



如:



Who is to clea n the classroom today?


今天该谁打扫教室了?



When are you to return your library book?


你什么时候要还图书?



The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year.


这渡桥该在今年



年底前完工。



(4)


be about to +


动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗


< p>
含一种时间上的巧


合,因此,句子不能再用时间状语。如:



Don


'


t leave. Li Lei is about to come.


不要走了,李蕾就要来了。



Be quiet. The con cert is about to start.


安静下来,音乐演唱会就要开始



了。



(5)


be +


现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中



动词主要是瞬间动


词:



come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy


等。如:



Go ahead, and


'


I m coming.


走前面一点吧,我就来。



The dog is dying.


那条狗要死了。



8




Hurry up. The shop is closing.


快点,商店就要关门了。



(6)


一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说,上



课、飞机起飞、火车


离站等。如:



Don


'


t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight


不要匆忙,回忆



八点过一刻


开始。



The bus goes back at four thirty.


汽车四点返回。



(from


一般将来时也译为单纯将来时。





A




I shall not come if it rains tomorrow




(如明天下雨我就不来。







B




My brother will leave for the United States next week




(我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。





解说



从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词




shall



wi ll


”。关


于“


shall




will


”的用法,传统文法谈得很多,同



时 各文法学家的理论也不很一致。


更重要的是英国人和美国人对




shall



will


”的用法规则并不很一致,也不很严谨,所


以本书 拟只



提供下面的五个规则,



相信各位只要把下面这五个规则学通了,



你的




sh all



will


”的用法就可以中规中矩了。





说或写都尽量使用“


I'll



You'll

< p>


He'll



She'll



It'll




We'll




They'll

< br>…”的简缩形(如用法例


2



3


)。



9






要表达主语的“意志” ,通常都用“


will


”(文法上称为意志将



来。)





A



I won't see him again




(我不愿意再和他见面。







B



Who will go and help that poor old man?


(谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人?)



Mary will




(玛莉愿意。)





说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去,通常用“ 例



A




shall


”。



You shall not do that again




(你不可以再做那样的事。







B




He shall return that book tomorrow




(明天他必须把那本书归还。







第一人称问句使用“


shall


”。





A




Shall I call you a taxi ?


(需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗?)





B




Shall we


tell her the truth ?


(我们可以把实情告诉她吗?)





问句是“


Shall




”,答句就用“


shall


?


”;问句用“

< br>Will


答句就用“


will


?


”。





A



Shall you go to school tomorrow




(你明天须要上学去吗?)



Yes




I shall




We'll have an exam




(是的,我必须去。我们明天有考试。







B



Will you go to school with me tomorrow




(明天你要不要和我一道去学


校?)



10




No




I won't




I'm going on a picnic




(我不要。我已定好要去郊游。





注:



Let's


…”的附加疑问通常使用“…,



shall we



”。



Let's have a res



t shall we?


(我们休息一下,怎样?)



一般将来时除了使用“


shall


/


will


+


V


…”以外,也可以使用



下列的几种句式来表


达。



1. .................................... .....................



be going to


+


V


…(即将会



;打算将







A



It is going to rain




Take an umbrella with you




(带一把伞去。看样子就要下雨了。







B



The Browns are going to move to Australia


.



(布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去。





2.


be about to


+


V


(即将


....


,指紧接着要发生的动作。)



例:



Let's wait a minute


.


He is about to arrive


.



(我们等一下。他即将会到达。





3. ...............................................



be


+


V




ing


…(定于



,指接近的将来动


作。)



例:


He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning


.



(他定于明天早晨到香港去。





4. .......................................



be


+


to V


(定于



,指预定的将来动作。)



例:



She is to be here at 9




00 a



m




tomorrow




(她定于明晨九时到达这里。





5.



V


—(


e




s


11




(定于……,指接近的将来动作,但不如第



例:



He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning




3




主观。)



(他定于明天早晨到香港去。——与(



3


)项的区别在于(



3


)项



的动作是出自主语的决定,




5


)项则不一定是出自主语的决定。





常用于修饰一般将


来时的时间副词有:



tomorrow




tomorrow



morning




afternoon




evening


),



next




时间





next night




next


Mon day


…,



n ext week, mon th


…,



n ext summer




n ext year



.



in



the



future


(将来),



soon


(不久之后),



in


+时间




in five days


---



过五天,


in two weeks


-------


再过二星期),


etc


.



Drilling Square


I


.


请在下列各题空格处填入



shall



will




1.


You


_____ not drive through a red light


.



2.


I _____


do everything for her


.



3.


______



you help me with this heavy bag


,


John?


4.


______



I help you with that heavy bag


,


Madam?


5.


_____________________________________



Let's go and take a walk


after dinne


,


r


________________________________


we?


6.


________



leave the classroom if I haven't said Oka


,


y


teache


.


r


7.


It


____


soon be over


,


I am sure


.



8.


Do what you


_____



,


but don't go out


.



9.


I _____


take you there with me


,


if it's OK with your mother


.



10.


_____________________



Rain or shine


,


I


come


.



12




H.


请在下列各题空格处就所设动词给予适当的将来时。



1.


A



How do you want to go to Hualain


,


by air or by train?


B



I am not in a hurry this time


,


so I



1




take the train


.



2




A


:(


2






you like




to go to the game this afternoon?


B




I'd love to




Where




3





we meet




?


A



You just stay home and wait for me




I



4




drive my car there




so I




5





pick




you up at about 1



30




3



A



It's a good dictionary




I


(< /p>


6


)(


buy




it




but I don't have money


with me now




B



Don't worry




I



7





lend




you




4



A



I hear Miss Chen




8




leave our school and teach in a bigger school


in Taipei




B



But the principal


(校长)





9




not let her go




He says she




10




teach at least for another semester until he finds a new teach



er


情况



构成方法






例词



一般情况






s


1


.清辅音后读



/s/




map




maps


2


.浊辅音和元音后





/z/






s




sh




ch




ba g



bags



car




cars


x


等结尾的词






es




/iz/ bus




buses


watch



watches


13






ce




se




ze





d



ge


等结尾的词






s




/iz/ license



licenses


以辅音字母




14





y


结尾的词





y




i




es




/z/ baby


——



babies


练习:



一、填空。



1.


我打算明天和朋友去野炊。



I _________



______


_



picnic with my friends.


2.


下个星期一你打算去干嘛



?


我想去打篮球。



What


________


_______



________


________



Monday?


I


______



________


_______


play basketball.


3.


你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。




your mother



go ?


Yes, she ________ . She ____


_______


_____



4.


你们打算什么时候见面?



What time ____________ you





_________


meet?


15




have a


next


shopping this


buy some fruit.


二、改句子。



5.


Nancy is going to go camping



.


改否定)



Nancy


_


_____



going to go


camping.


6.1


'


II go and join them.


(改否定)



I


_


______


go


_


_____


join them.


7. I


'


m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow



.


改一般疑问句)




_______


______


_______


to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?


8. We wiII meet at the bus stop at 10:30



.


改一般疑问句)




______



_______


meet at the bus stop at 10:30?


9. She is going to Iisten to music after schooI



.


对划线部分提问)




_______



______


she


_________________________


after schooI?


10.


My father and mother are going to see a play the day after


tomorrow.(


同上


)



________



________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow?


16




三、用所给词的适当形式填空。



11. Today is a sunny day. We


________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.


12. My brother


_____________


(go) to Shanghai next week.


13. Tom often _____________ (go) to school on foot. But today is


raining ,he _____________ (go) to school by bike.


14. What do you usually do at weekends?


I usually


_


________


(watch) TV and


_________


(


catch) insects?


15. It


'


s Friday today. What


_________ she


_______ (do) this weekend?


She ________ (watch) TV and


________ (catch) insec


(


ts


害虫


)


.


16.


What


_


_________


(do) you do on Sundays? I


__________



(pick)


apples on a farm.


What _____________


(do) next Sunday? I ________________



(milk)


cows.


17




17.


Mary __________


(visit) her grandparents tomorrow.


18.


Liu Tao ____________


(fly) kites in the playground after school


every Friday.


19.


David


_____________


(give) a painting show next Monday.


20.


I


_____________


(plan) for my study now.


21.


____________ We


(buy) him a pen for his birthday next week.


22.I


___________ (call)you when I get there.


23.


_______


I


______


(begin)to play computer games?


it


______


(be) sunny tomorrow, we


___________ (have)a picnic


outside.


25.I


_________ (tell)him the news when I see him at the office.


26.


__________________ There


(not be)a football match next month.


27.


_________ --- ________


he


next Friday?


(give)a talk on



Works of art



18




---No, he _____ . He


______ (visit) the Palace Museum.


28.


Where _____ Tom


_______ (go) the day after tomorrow?


29.


She


_


______ (not go) swimming this weekend.


30.


She


_


______ (watch) TV every evening. But she __________


(not


watch) TV tonight.


四、单项选择:



1.


_____________ Mother


me a nice present on my next birthday.


A. will gives B. will give


C. gives D. give


2.


_________ He


her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.


A. gives B. gave C. will give D. is going giving


3.


He __in three days.A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D.


is going to coming back


4.


Who _______



_______



swimming with us tomorrow afternoon?


A. will; go B. do; go


C. will; going


19



D. shall; goes



5.


The day after tomorrow they


______



a volleyball match.


A. will watch B. watches C. is watching D. to watch


6.


They _______



an English evening next Sunday.


A. are having B. are going to have


to have


C. will having D. is going


7.


______


you ________



free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be


C. Do; be D. Are; be


8.


He


_


_______ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is


C. will be


D. be


9.


I


__



___


a teacher in the future. A. will, be B. is, be C. is, being


D. will, is


10.


_______


They



to the park next Sunday. A. will goes B. will go C.


is going D. will go


11.


___________ My family


to church next weekend. A. will go B. goes


C. will going D. is going


20




12.


________________


My mother will me a pencil tonight. A. gives B. giving C.


give


13.


_______


He play football tomorrow. A. will B. is C. be


14.


________________________ My grandpa and grandma


to see us in two


days.


A. will coming B. will come C. is coming D. are coming


___ ___ TV this evening. A. wills watch B. will watching C. is


watching D. will watch


grandpa


___


____


at home the day after tomorrow.


A. will stay B. wills stay C. will stays D. is staying


will


____


back soon. A. comes B. coming C. comes D. Come


朋友们,看看自己掌握一般将来了吗?



如果掌握了,那就认真复习,好好巩固!再接再厉!



如果还没有,再多看几遍,多做些题,相信你很快就会掌握的!加油



啊!



21



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