-doom
PROBLEMS
IEC 60364 -
4
–
41
GB16895.21
Protective equipotential bonding
保护等电位联结
According to IEC61140
5.2.5
and IEC 60364-4-41
411.1
, shall protective
equipotential
bonding be provided for
outdoor TN and TT system with automatic
disconnection of
supply?
根据
IEC61140
(
GB/T17045
)
5.2.5
及
IEC
60364-4-41
< br>(
GB16895.21
)
41
1.1
,应
为带有自动断电保护的户外
TN
和
TT
系统,提供保护等电位联结
吗?
What kind of
earthing systems commonly used for external
lightings (including street
lighting)
in foreign countries?
在国外,外部照明(包括路灯)一般使用哪类接地系统?
The permissible maximum
disconnection time
5 s or 1
s for circuits defined by
IEC
60364-4-41
411.3.2.3
and
411.3.2.4,
in
case
of
without
protective
equipotential
bonding, can it ensure the protection
against electric shock?
IEC 60364-4-41<
/p>
(
GB16895.21
)
411.3.2.3
和
411.3.2.4
规定,允许最大断电时间
< br>5 s
或
1
s
,在没有保护等电位联结的情况下,能确保防电击吗?
Wherever the steel
reinforcement of concrete structures to be
considered as external
conductive
parts, shall it be welded or it may be wrapped is
allowable for protective
equipotential
bonding purpose? What about for down conductor of
lightning protection
system?
将混凝土结构加强钢筋作为外部可导电部分考虑的任何情况下
,
应将其作为保护等电位
联结进行焊接或缠绕吗?防雷系统的引
下导体是怎样的?
For
building
floors
without
steel
reinforcement,
shall
it
to
be
provided
additional
protective equipotential bonding? (e.g.
mesh)
没有钢筋的建筑楼层,应提供附加保护等电位联结吗?(比如:金属网)<
/p>
Fault loop impedance
Z
S
故
障回路阻抗
Z
S
Fault
loop
impedance
Z
S
of
LV
system
is
calculated
by
fundamental
sequence
impedance or by zero sequence
impedance?
低压系统的故障回路阻抗,是按基本阻抗还是按
0
区阻抗计算?
TT
system
1
解释:根据
IEC 60364-4-41
(
GB16895.21
)
411
.5.1
,由相同的保护电器予以保护所有
外露导电部分,应通
过保护导体连接至他们的公共接地极。
Clarify: In outdoor or wet locations,
R
A
≤
U
L
./I
D
n
, conventional touch voltage
U
L
≤
25 V.
澄清:户内或潮湿场所,
R
A
≤
U
L
./I
D
n
,
转换为接触电压
U
L
≤
25 V.
IT system
Explain: Why isolation device shall be
provided for neutral conductor of IT system with
isolated neutral?
解释:为何中性线隔离的
IT
系统,仍然要在中性线上安装
隔离电器?
What is
the typical range of operating value of the
insulation resistance for IMD?
(several
ten
k
Ω
or 0.5 M
Ω
)
绝缘监测电器(
IMD
)的绝缘电阻的典型动作值
范围是多少?(几十
k
Ω
或
0.5 M
Ω
)
PELV
Where is PELV system commonly suitable
(or not suitable) to be used?
< br>那些场合一般适合(或不适合)使用
PELV
?
IEC
60364
–
4
–
42
GB16895.2
2
Protection against thermal effects
热效应保护
Explanation: clause
422.3.9
for protection against fire.
说明:
422.3.9
条款是针对防火的规定:
4
22.3.9
末端回路及用电设备应按以下要求进行绝缘故障保护
a
)在
TN
和
TT
系统中,应使用额定剩余动作电流
I
Δ
N
≤
300mA<
/p>
的
RCD
b
)
在
IT
系统中,应提供绝缘监测电器监测整个装置,或在末端回
路中使用
RCM
。做
为选择,
可使用
a
)
中规定的额
定剩余动作电流的
RCD
,
在发生二次
故障时予以断电保
护。
Introduction on protection against fire
risk that normally for public and office buildings
and dwellings (including selection of
cable types) in foreign countries.
在防范火
灾风险方面,请介绍一下国外对于公共建筑、办公建筑、住宅(包括线缆类型
的选择)的
一般情况。
IEC 60364 - 4
–
43
GB16895.5
Overload
protection
过载保护
Explain
the
factor
1.45
of
formula
I
2
?
1.45I
Z
,
(regarding
the
tolerant
of
the
characteristic curves, cyclic load or
inrush current etc.)
解释公式
I
2
?
1.45I
Z
,
中的系数
1.45
,
(依据特性曲线的公差容限?周期性负荷?浪涌电
流?等等)
IEC 60364 - 4
–
44
GB/T16895.16
3
Earthing
resistance R
E
接地电阻
R
E
1
HV neutral solid earthing and low resistance
earthing
1
高压中性点可靠接地与低阻接地
-
R
E
≤
2000
V/I
E
instead
of
R
E
≤
1200
V/I
E
(derived
from
IEC
60364-4-44:2007
Table 44.A1
and Table 44.A2);
-
R
E
≤
2000
V/I
< br>E
代替
R
E
≤
1200
V/I
< br>E
(摘自
IEC
60364-
4-44:2007
表
44.A1
及表
44.A2
)
Note: The GB code considers the earth
fault current of
≥
110 kV system can be
≥
25 kA, in order to
avoid
R
E
too
low,
as
well
as
the
difficulties
for
separating
the
HV
and
LV
earthing
within
the
substation, in this case
R
E
is allowed to
be
≤
5000
V/I
E
. (with
provision
of certain
equipotential
bonding and
screening)
注:
GB
考虑
≥
110 kV
系统的
接地故障电流可能
≥
25 kA
,
为避免
R
E
过低,
以及考虑到在变电
站分隔高压与低压接地系统的困难,
在这种情况下,接地电阻允许
≤
5000 V/I
E
.
。
(带有某
种等电位联结和屏蔽措施)
Comment: As a result,
the power frequency stress voltage
U
1
or
U
2
exceed the limit
values
defined
by GB
16895.11(idt. IEC 60364-4-442:1993) and GB
61935.1(idt. IEC60664-1), the LV equipment
may be damaged under earth fault
situation.
注释:
其结果,
源自
U
1
或
U
2
p>
的电压,
超过了
GB
16895.11(idt. IEC 60364-4-442:1993)
and
GB 61935.1(idt. IEC60664-1)
定义的限值,低压设备可能
在接地故障时损坏。
What
are the experiences and solutions concerning this
problem in foreign countries?
国外在此问题上有何经验与解决方案?
-
The earthing
of TN system is only allowed to be connected to
the HV system
R
E
.
-
TN
系统的接地只允许连接至高压系统的
R
E
Comment: As a result, the
implementation of
TT and IT system are
excluded
, as well as
the HV
and LV earthing of TN
system is not permitted to be separated.
注释:其结果,
TT
和
IT
系统被排除在外,而且
TN
系统的高压与低压接地系统不允许
被分隔
< br>
4