传媒英语 unit 4.doc

分钟。

?

微型片段——主题精练的广播词和 声音

/

采访的混录片段，时长通常为

4

到

6

分钟。

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解说词——录制到磁带上的广播词 （预先写好或编辑过的），这些广播词一般都是

讲个人问题或经历的，而不涉及宏观问题 ，时长通常为

3

分钟。

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采访路人——就某一事件或问题被 采访人或采访人的声音片段（一个接一个的），

通常是向所有被采访者提出同样的问题， 时长大约

3

到

4

分钟。

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讨论——录制好的小组讨论，

题目由小组成员选定，

原来

20

分钟的自由讨论通常会

被剪辑成

5

到

6

分钟左右的可 播录音。

广播稿件写作

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广播稿件写作必须紧凑清晰，最重要的是要有趣味性。

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要有创意，要注意谴词、音响和语言。

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一个句子只表达一个意思。

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在播送新闻时，导语里使用现在时或现在完成时态的动词。

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标明消息来源、出处，必要时使用解释性的引文。

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尽可能使用常见的、一到两个音节的词语。

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使用充满活力的动词。简洁的句子 加上生机勃勃的动词会使稿件富有表现力。

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使用现在时态。

< br>现在时态让你的新闻稿件充满即时性和活力，

让听众觉得他们收听

的是正在发生的新闻。

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广播是交谈式的媒体，所以你的稿件听起来应该是用来“说的”，而不是用来“读

的”。

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让你的磁带一直转着。

广播有一条黄金法则：

收听效果的最佳时刻往往在你停止录

音的那一瞬间到来。

这是有 理由的：

当你按下

“停止”

键的时候，

听众会松一口气，

恢复自然状态。自然、真实的瞬间是无价的。 而磁带很便宜，所以，让你的磁带一

直转着，保持录音状态吧。

采访

?

< /p>

要想让人们开诚布公地谈话，

有一条简单的原则：

你必须对你周围的世界真正地感

兴趣。

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让被采访者在采访录音中确认他们 自己的身份。

在采访开始时，

你可以问一些诸如

“请问你是谁啊？”（即便你知道他们是谁！！）、“你多大了？”、“你是做什

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

么的？”或是“做这工作多久了？”之类的问题，其它恰当的导入性问题也行，只

一旦找到想 要采访的人，你最好把要涉及的题目和想要问的问题列成一个单子。

< br>准备好采访问题的单子；

但你要记住，

被采访者有可能带 来意外的评论或信息，

所

以你要认真倾听，如有必要，随时改变 你的采访重点。

好的采访是两个或几个人之间的对话。

即使你是问问题的，

你也应该参与到对话中

去 。

当采访对象说话时，你要保持绝对安静。不要笑，千万不要 打断采访对象。

不要让外部嘈杂的声音破坏你的录音。如果有 火车经过或是有汽笛或什么其它噪

音，就先停下采访，

直到噪音 消失。

如果采访对象正说到关键环节的一半，

让他说

帮助被采访者，

使他的语言更具描述性。

为了让采访对象描述的信息更具视觉效果，

请他用语言把要描述的东西绘制成一幅图画。

情感内容在广播节目中会产生极好的效果。

诸如

“这让 你有何感受？”

这类的问题

会让你得到绝佳的采访录音。

不要怕重新录音。记住：

任何东西都是可以 编辑的。如果不行就重新录，直到你对

节目完全满意为止。

音响

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< /p>

周围的音响和环境会给你的节目加分。

采访完之后再采集一些背景 音响会给你的节

目增色不少。

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收集一些好的音响。每次录音的时 候，收集所有你能想到的特定的音响：狗吠声、

海浪声、走廊里的学生、赛场上的声音、 摔门声、打开收音机的声音、搅拌机的声

音等等。要有创意。以后做节目的时候你会用得 着这些音响。

?

< br>如果你做一篇关于交通的报道，

那就录下汽车声和喇叭声；

如果节目谈论的是大海，

钓鱼，那浪花溅到岩石上的声音就必不可少。

组合资料

在把录音输入到 电脑里之前自己先听听是个不错的主意。

写一个录音列表

（把录 音磁带

上的内容列成一个单子）

，

标明 录音的时间和内容。

这有助于你把录音剪辑成你要做的节目

样式 。然后把可用的材料都输入到电脑里，再用

CoolEdit

软 件进行编辑即可。

Part Three

Supplementary Reading

The Basics for Newswriting

Source:/

These

pages

provide

an

introduction

to

radio

newswriting.

The

topics

cover

sentence

structure, how to begin stories, the proper use of numbers in scripts, how

to rewrite newspaper

stories

and

press

releases,

and

how

to

prepare

broadcast

scripts

based

on

information

from

law

enforcement officials.

1 Avoiding

Many

of

the

stories

we

report

involve

crimes

and

police

attempts

to

apprehend

those

responsible.

The

importance

of

these

stories

to

our

listeners,

as

well

as

the

often

complex

and

uncertain nature of police investigations, can be quite intimidating for young reporters, with the

result that they frequently repeat verbatim the description of a crime given to

them by a police

official.

Don't

Police

officers

are

taught

to

describe

their

investigations

in

a

way

that

provides

specific

details

of

events

with

the

vaguest

possible

discussions

about

those

whom

police

believe

responsible. This

to meet in order to make arrests and gain convictions. But

radio.

Here's an example of

small-market station:

?

Two men are under arrest for robbing a jewelry store. Police say the men entered the village

pawn

shop

at

1407

main

street

at

approximately

10:15

yesterday

morning.

After

waiting

inside the store for a few minutes, one of the men displayed a gun and ordered two employees

to place into a duffel bag all the cash from the register as well as several items of jewelry.

There was no one else in the store at the time. The men left the store, and one employee was

able

to

see

the

men

drive

off

in

a

blue

dodge

aries.

The

employees

notified

police,

and

at

approximately 11 o'clock a vehicle matching the description of the getaway car was spotted

parked in an alley in back of a house at 684 willow street. Police entered the house where

they found two men, an amount of money, and items of jewelry later identified as having been

taken from the store. A computer check of the vehicle determined that it was stolen. The men

were

identified

as

34-year-old

miles

standish

of

middleville

and

28-year-old

john

alden

of

smalltown. The men will face a variety of charges.

Cut irrelevant details

This script (which runs about 54 seconds) is far too long, with irrelevant details such as the

make and model of the getaway car, while the identification of the suspects isn't revealed until the

very end. It is obvious that the reporter merely repeated the words of a police officer or of a police

press release. Here's a brief rewrite of the script (which now runs 31 seconds):

?

Two men are behind bars this morning after an armed robbery of a middleville pawn shop.

Police say 34-year-old miles standish of middleville and 28-year-old john alden of smalltown

robbed the village pawn shop on main street yesterday, forcing two workers at gunpoint to

stuff

a

duffel

bag

with

money

and

jewelry.

The

suspects

were

later

arrested

in

a

house

on

willow street after police say they spotted the getaway car behind the home and items taken

in the heist were found inside the house. Standish and alden are expected to face a variety of

charges.

The new version has the police making the allegations against the two suspects (as is legal

and proper), but many details unnecessary to the main point of the story have been removed.

But don't make the opposite mistake of being too informal

reporters, but the opposite extreme seems to be taking hold in larger markets. Big-city reporters

are

becoming

exceedingly

colloquial

in

their

language

when

covering

police

stories.

Here's

an

example

that

aired

on

a

major-market

station

in

New

England.

The

story

concerned

a

stolen

minivan in which a mother had left two babies inside. In telling the story the reporter said:

?

...A woman left two infants in the van while she dropped off an older child at daycare. The

van was still running, and meanwhile some guy must have jumped in and drove off. When he

realized there were two infants in back, he ditched the van, and police are now searching for

the guy in some nearby woods.... But thankfully the kids are okay.

This script does not clearly report what police believe to have happened. In fact, the script

seems to indicate that this version of events is merely speculation on the part of the reporter. There

was no indication of any witness seeing who drove the minivan away. Perhaps the driver was a

woman. Moreover, there is no evidence for the alleged motivation of this mystery driver to have

abandoned the minivan. Maybe the driver saw the babies, maybe the driver didn't.

Just

as

troubling

as

the

sloppiness

with

which

this

script

was

put

together

was

the

overly

conversational

tone.

A

suspect

of

unknown

sex

should

be

called

a

If

an

unidentified

suspect is a man, he should be called a

credibility of the reporter to be an authoritative source of information.

Radio

reporters

need

to

strike

a

balance

in

the

language

they

use.

Scripts

cannot

be

ploddingly

detailed

and

dull,

yet

being

too

colloquial

may

lead

to

sloppiness

and

lack

of

credibility.

2 Broadcast Sentence-Structure

Journalism instructors often state that broadcast newswriting is supposed to sound just like

everyday speech. In essence, however, writing broadcast news is more akin to writing song lyrics.

Both tasks involve constructing language in a visual form (writing) for communication in an oral

form

(speaking

or

singing).

Like

song

lyrics,

broadcast

newswriting

adheres

to

patterns

of

language use (such as appropriate vocabulary and formulaic sentence-structure) that the audience

expects to hear and will use in interpreting the communication.

Even though commercial broadcasting has been around for less than a century, radio listeners

have come to expect their newscasts to be written in a particular way. Learning about broadcast

sentence- structure is one of the foundations for developing effective skills at radio newswriting.

Keep it simple

Grammarians distinguish between three types of sentences: simple, compound and complex.

A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb. A compound sentence is composed of two simple

sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction (

composed of two simple sentences joined by a subordinating conjunction (which may be temporal,

such as

You probably remember this lesson from elementary school, but the distinctions remain quite

relevant to broadcast newswriting. In your scripts, simple sentences are best. You will, of course,

regularly use compound and complex sentences, but the clarity achieved through the use of simple

sentences can rarely be surpassed.

Linguists describe English as a highly asyndetic language -- which means that clauses in the

same train of thought do not always need to be connected by conjunctions or connecting particles.

Such particles in English include the words

should be avoided in broadcast newswriting. Listeners are themselves capable of connecting the

elements

of

a

story

if

the

story

is

presented

clearly

and

concisely,

and

these

listeners

expect

important

news

to

be

reported

in

simple

sentences.

This

expectation

is

especially

true

of

leads,

which generally should be written as simple sentences. When a lead begins with a subordinating

conjunction, listeners discount the story's urgency. This is why such leads almost always appear in

feature stories or zingers.

Avoid your relatives

Relative clauses, which begin with a relative pronoun or adverb such as