建筑学英语词汇、句子

UNIT ONE

ARCHITRCTURE

e

大建筑物，体系

ssive strength

抗压强度

架设，跨度

e strength

抗拉强度

on

构架，轮廓，草图

ever

悬臂梁

t

伸出，设计

正厅

（注意读音）

侧廊

pt

教堂左右两翼

私人祈祷处

耳室

cathedral

哥特式教堂

14. module

模数

rade

栏杆

ade

柱廊

nt

装饰物

（

decoration)

柱子

( post, pillar)

section

黄金分割

The

precise

activities

to

be

housed

in

any

specific

building,

ranging

from

an

assembly

line

in

a

factory

to

a

living

room

in

a

home,

should dictate the size and shape of the several

areas within.

翻译 ：

将要容纳在具体建筑物中明确的各种

活动，范围从工厂流水线 到住宅的起居室，

都应限定其中各部分空间的大小和形状。

Furthermore, a structure must be well built , it

could

have

such

permanence

as

the

purpose

for

which

it

is

intended

demands

and

as

the

materials chosen may allow.

此外，一座建筑的结构必须建造良好，

必须

具有永久性。

这种永久性既是设计意图要求

的，也是材料选择许可的。

In

stone

buildings,

windows

doors,

and

the

spaces between columns are almost compelled

to

be

taller

than

they

are

wide--- the

vertical

rectangle of the stone aesthetic.

在石建筑中，窗、门以及支柱间的空间， 其

高度不得不超过宽度，

从而形成了狭长的矩

< br>形的石建筑美。

Wood, a fibrous material, withstand tension as

readily as it does compression.

as readily as

容易地、无困难地

< br>翻译：木材是一种纤维质材料，既可以承受

压力，又可以承受拉力。

Wooden beams may be relatively longer than

stone

beams,

and

wooden

posts

slender

and

widely spaced.

木梁比石梁相对长一些，木柱 子则比较细，

并且间距宽。

A

horizontal

rectangle,

wider

than

its

high,

results from the natural properties of wood, as

may be seen in Japanese architecture.

由于木材的天然性能而形成宽度大于高度

的扁而宽的矩形建筑，

正如，

正如在日本建

.

Architecture calls for good proportions(

比例）

–

a

pleasing

relationship

of

void

to

solid,

of

height

to width, of length to breadth.

虚与实、高与宽、长与宽

Anyone

who

has

observed

a

steel

building

under

construction

must

have

noticed

the

gridiron

of

horizontal

rectangles

produced

by

the

slender,

widely

spaced

columns

and

the

long beams of each floor.

be under construction

正在施工

任何观察过正在施工的钢结构建筑的人，

必

定注 意到地板上细长而且间隔很宽的柱子

形成的横向矩形的格状结构。

The Study of Architecture

Key words

Bachelor of Architecture

建筑学学士

Required course

必修课

Behavioral sciences

行为科学

Freehand drawing

徒手画

Three- dimensional

三维的

Descriptive geometry

画法几何

Reinforced concrete

钢筋混凝土

Construction supervision

施工监理

Site planning

场地规划

etc.

缩写

= et cetera (and)

等等

Key words

go through the fire

历尽磨难

full time course

全日制课程

play hell with

困境

auxiliary

辅助

chisel

雕刻

Functionalism

功能主义

atelier

画室

meager

缺乏

make up

弥补

UNIT TWO HOUSING

KEY WORDS:

housing

住宅，住宅建筑

quarters

住宅，住处

neighborhood

街坊，住宅小区

single-family

独户，独户的

metropolitan

大城市的

accessibility

可达性

dwelling

住处，寓所

semidetached

半独立的（房屋）

row houses

排式住宅

plot

基址，小块地皮

terrace

露台

by virtue of

凭借，依靠

hallway

门厅，过道

tenement-house

租用房屋，经济公寓

zoning

分区制

building codes

建筑规范

sanitary

卫生的

Key words

fortified wall

城墙

estate

地产

real estate

房地产

Middle Age

中世纪

Industrial Revolution

工业革命

slum

贫民窟

textile town

纺织城

mining town

矿业城

as a rule

通常

ventilation

通风

Great Depression

大萧条

As

a

rule,

row

houses

made

up

the

streets

of

the company towns.

通常，联排住房构成公司城镇的街道。

exemption

免税

free-enterprise

自由经营

shantytown

平民窟

The act provided for grants-in-aid

（中央给地

方的拨款

补助金，

助学金）

fo r slum clearance

and

housing

rehabilitation,

improvement

of

sewage

and

water

facilities,

supplementary

rent payments to low-income facilities, health

and

recreation

facilities,

urban

renewal,

and

suburban community development.

该法令提供拨款清除贫民窟，

更新 住房，

改

善给排水设施、给低收入家庭补贴房租；改

娱乐设施，

支持城市改建和社区发

展。

In

crowded

areas

where

land

is

fairly

expensive,

the

semidetached,

or

two-family

house is frequently found.

由 于人口稠密地区地皮昂贵，所以连璧住

房，即两户式住房随处可见。

A theater includes a stage or performing area

and

an

auditorium

or

viewing

place

for

the

audience.

UNIT THREE

THE LANGUAGE OF

ARCHITECTURE

KEY WORDS:

aboriginal

土著的

refined

精细的

illiterate

文盲的

put down

认为

spire

塔尖

innumerable

无数的

indeterminate

不确定的

intangible

触摸不到的

interpretive

解释的

receptive

有接受能力的

humble

地位低下的

closet

衣橱

hinge

合页

mansion

大厦

doorway

入口

allow for

考虑到

banner

旗帜

Triumph arch

凯旋门

plaza

广场

exclusively

专有的

Thus

the

final

meaning

is

an

indeterminate

intangible which depends, just as does poetry

or

music,

on

the

creative

and

expression

power

of

the

creator

and

the

interpret ive(

说

明）

or receptive capacity

（理解力

) of those

who respond.

因此，

参 与交际的双方所涉及的人有巨大的

差别，

就像诗歌和音乐一样其 含义取决于作

者的创造力和表现力以及应答者的理解力

和感受力 。

New words

hive

蜂巢

cubicle

小寝室，小隔间

toil

辛苦工作

routine

例行公事

vague

模糊的

womb

子宫

thriller

恐怖电影

creak

嘎吱作响

open

sesame

芝麻开门

affective

感情的，情绪上的

burglar

小偷

term

术语

an thropomorphism

神人同形，拟人

dignity

威严，高尚的品德

dictator

独裁者

pediment

三角形山墙

rock-and-roll

摇摆舞

fa?

ade

立面

scratch

抓，挠，勉强糊口

suffice it to say that

只要说

----

就够了

self-indulgent

放纵，任性

snugness

舒适

Much

the

same

sort

of

expressive

functions

are

performed

by

the

other

architectural

elements---- columns,

roofs,

steps,

railings,

and so on.

column

柱子

roof

屋顶

step

台阶

railing

栏杆

Unit five

The Domain of Urban Design

Key Words