-ecosystem
新视野大学英语
3
U1
Love without limitations
My
brother,
Jimmy,
did
not
get
enough
oxygen
during
a
difficult
delivery,
leaving him with brain damage, and two
years later I was born. Since then, my
life revolved around my brother’s.
Accompanying my growing up was
always
“go
out
and
play
and
take
your
brother
with
you”.
I
couldn’t
go
anywhere
without him, so I urged the
neighborhood kids to come to my house for some
out-of-control kid-centered fun.
My mother
taught Jimmy practical things like how to brush
his teeth or put on
belt. My father, a
saint, simply held the house together with his
patience and
understanding. I was in
charge outside where I administered justice by
tracking
down the parents of the kids
who picked on my brother, and telling on them.
My father and
Jimmy were inseparable. They ate breakfast
together and on
weekdays drove off to the navy shipping
center every morning where they both
worked-Jimmy unloaded color-coded
boxes. At night after dinner, they would
talk and play games late into the
evening. They even whistled the same tunes.
So
when
my
father
died
of
a
heart
attack
in
1991,
Jimmy
was
a
wreck,
beneath
his careful disguise. He was simply in disbelief.
Usually very agreeable,
he now quit
speaking altogether and no amount of words could
penetrate the
vacant expression he wore
on his face. I hired someone to live with him and
drive him to work, but no matter how
much I tried to make things stay the same,
even
Jimmy
grasped
that
the
world
he’d
known
was
gone.
One
day
I
asked, ”You
miss Dad, don’t you?” His lips quivered and then
he asked, “What
do you think, Margaret?
He was my best friend.” Our tears began
flow.
My mother died of lung cancer six
months later and I alone was left to look
after Jimmy.
He didn’t adjust to going to work
wi
thout my father right away, so he
came
and lived with me in New York City
for a while. He went wherever I went and
seemed to adjust pretty well. Still,
Jimmy longed to live in my parents’ house
and work at his old job and I pledged
to help him return. Eventually, I was able
to
work
it
out.
He
has
lived
there
for
11
years
now
with
many
different
caretakers
and
blossomed
on
his
own.
He
has
become
essential
to
the
neighborhood.
When
you
have
any
mail
to
be
picked
up
or
your
dog
needs
walking, he is your man.
My mother was right, of
course: It was possible to have a home with room
for
both his limitations and my
ambitions. In fact, caring for someone who loves
as
deeply and appreciates my efforts as
much as Jimmy does has enriched my life
more than anything else ever could
have.
This hit
home a few days after the September 11th disaster
on Jimmy’s 57th
birthday. I had a party
for him in my home in New York, but none of our
family
could join us because travel was
difficult and they were still reckoning with the
sheer terror the disaster had brought.
I called on my faithful friends to help
make it a merry and festive occasion,
ignoring the fact that most of them were
emotionally drained and exhausted.
Instead of the customary “No gifts, please”,
I shouted, “Gifts! Please!”
My friends-
people Jimmy had come to know over the years-
brought the ideal
presents: country
music CDs, a sweatshirt, one leather belt with
“J
-I-M-M-
Y” on
it, a knitted wool hat and a cowboy
costume. The evening led up to the gifts and
then the chocolate cake from his
favorite bakery, and of course the ceremony
wasn’t complete without the
singing.
A thousand times Jimmy asked, ”Is it
time for the cake yet?” After dinner and
the
gifts
Jimmy
could
no
longer
be
restrained.
He
anxiously
waited
for
the
candles
to be lit and then blew them out with one long
breath as well all sang
“Happy
birthday”. Jimmy wasn’t satisfied with our effort,
though. He jumped up
on the chair and
stood erect pointing both index fingers into the
air to conduct
us and
yell
ed, ”One…more…time!” We sang with
all of the energy left in our
souls
and
when
we
were
finished
he
put
both
his
thumbs
up
and
shouted.
“ That
was super!”
We had wanted to let him know that no
matter how difficult things got in the
world,
there
would
always
be
people
who
cared
about
him.
We
ended
up
reminding ourselves instead. For Jimmy,
the love with which we sang was a
welcome
bonus,
but mostly he had
just
wanted
to see
everyone else
happy
again.
Just as my father’s death
had changed Jimmy’s world ov
ernight,
September
11th changed our lives; the
world we’d known was gone. But, as we sang for
Jimmy and held each tight afterward
praying for peace around the world, we
were reminded
that the
constant
love
and
support
of
our
friends and
family
would get us through whatever life
might present. The simplicity with which
Jimmy had reconciled everything for us
should not have been surprising. There
had never been limitations to what
Jimmy’s love could accomplish.
无限的爱
我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后，我出生了。
从此以后，我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。
伴随我成长的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也带上。
”
不带上他，
我是哪里也去不了的。因此，
我
怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来，
尽情地玩孩子们玩的
游戏。
我母亲教吉米学习日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。
我父亲宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。
我则负责外面的事，
找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母，
告他们的状，
为我哥哥讨回公道。
父亲和吉米形影不离。
他们一道吃早饭，
平时每天早上一道开车去海军航运中心，
他们都在那里工作，
吉米在那搬
卸标有彩色代号的箱子
。
晚饭后，他们一道交谈，玩游戏，直到深夜。
他们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。
<
/p>
所以，父亲
1991
年因心脏病去世时，
吉米几乎崩溃了，尽管他尽量不表现出来。
他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。
通常，
他是一个令人愉快的人，
现在却一言不发，
无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表
情了解他的心事。
< br>
我雇了一个人和他住在一起，开车送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地维持原
状，吉米还
是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。
有一天，我问他：
“你是不是想念爸爸？”
他的嘴唇颤抖了几下，然后问我：
“你怎么看，玛格丽特？他是我最好的
朋友。
”
接着，我俩都流下了眼泪。
六个月后，母亲因肺癌去世，剩下我一人来照顾吉米。
吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着，因此搬来纽约和我
一起住了一段时间。
我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像适应得很好。
但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。
此事最后做成了。
如今，他在那
里生活了
11
年，在许多人的照料下，同时依靠自己生活得有声
有色。
他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。
如果你有邮件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。
当然，母亲的话没错：可以有一个家，既能容纳他的缺陷又能
装下我的雄心。
事实上，
关照像吉米
这样一个深爱又感激我的人，
更加丰富了我的生活，
其他任何东
西都不
能与之相比。
这一点，在
9
·
11
灾难后几天更显真切。那天是吉米
57
岁生日
。
我在纽约自己的家里为他举办生日宴会，
< br>但是我们家的人都没能来参加，
因为交通困难，
而
且灾难带来的恐惧使他们依然心有余悸。
我
邀请了我的好友，
请他们来帮忙把宴会弄得热闹些，
增加点欢快
气氛，
没去理会他们多数
人在情感上都有些疲惫这一事实。
于是我一反常态，没说“请不要带礼物”
，而是向他们喊“请带礼物来”
。
我的朋友──吉米认识他们多年了──带来了中意的礼物：
乡村
音乐
CD
、
一件长袖运动衫、
一条有“吉米”字样的皮带、一顶编织的羊毛帽，还有一套牛仔服。
<
/p>
那天晚上，
我们先是送礼物，
然后是切从
他喜欢的面包店里买来的巧克力蛋糕，
当然还唱了
“生日歌”<
/p>
，否则宴会就不算完整了。
吉米一次次地问：
“该切蛋糕了吧？”
等用完餐和送完礼物后，吉米再也控制不住了。
他焦急地等着点上蜡烛，然后在我们“生日快乐”的歌声中，一口长气吹灭了蜡烛。户
然而吉米对我们的努力还是感到不满足。
他纵身跳到椅子上，直挺着身子，双手食指朝天，一边喊一边指挥我们唱歌：
“再──来─
─次！
”
我们全力以赴地唱。待我们唱完时，他翘起两个拇指喊道：
“好极了！<
/p>
”
本来我们
想让他知道，无论世上有多难的事情，总是有人来关心他。
现在反倒是提醒了我们自己。
对于吉
米来说，
我们唱歌时的爱心，
是他心中额外的礼物，但是他原先
更想看到的，是别人
再次感到快乐。
有如父亲的去世一夜之间改变了吉米的世界，
9
·
11
也改变了我们的生活；我们熟悉的世界
不复存在了。
但是，当我们为吉米唱歌，相互
紧拥，祈祷全球和平时，我们也意识到，朋友、家人间永恒
的爱和支持可以让我们克服生
活中的任何困难。
吉米以朴素的方式为我们协调了眼前的一切
，他做到这一点并不令人吃惊。
吉米的爱可以征服一切，这是任何东西都限制不了的。
U2
Iron and the
Effects of Exercise
Sports medicine experts have observed
for years that endurance athletes,
particularly females, frequently have
iron deficiencies. Now a new study by a
team of Purdue University researchers
suggests that even moderate exercise
may lead to reduced iron in the blood
of women.
were normally inactive and
then started a program of moderate exercise
showed evidence of iron
loss,
Purdue. Her study of 62 formerly
inactive women who began exercising three
times a week for six months was
published in the journal Medicine & Science in
Sports & Exercise.
supplements were able to bounce
back,
followed their normal diet showed
a decrease in iron levels.
Iron deficiency is very common among
women in general, affecting one in four
female teenagers and one in five women
aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the
ratio is even greater among active
women, affecting up to 80 percent of female
endurance athletes. This means, Lyle
says, that
amount of iron they take
in
since their monthly bleeding is a
major source of iron loss. Plus, many
health-conscious women increase their
risk by rejecting red meat, which
contains the most easily absorbed form
of iron. And because women often
restrict their diet in an effort to
control weight, they may not consume enough
iron-rich food, and are liable to
experience a deficiency.
takes in only
two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for
iron,
another expert.
iron
loss from exercise may be enough to tip her over
the edge into a more
serious
deficiency,
Exercise can
result in iron loss through a variety of
mechanisms. Some iron is
lost in sweat,
and, for unknown reasons, intense endurance
exercise is
sometimes associated with
bleeding of the digestive system. Athletes in
high-impact sports such as running may
also lose iron through a phenomenon
where small blood vessels in the feet
leak blood. There are three stages of iron
deficiency. The first and most common
is having low iron reserves, a condition
that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue
and poor performance may begin to
appear in the second stage of
deficiency, when not enough iron is present to
form the molecules of blood protein
that transport oxygen to the working
muscles. In the third and final stage,
people often feel weak, tired, and out of
breath
—
and
exercise performance is severely compromised.
if they're not at the third stage,
nothing is wrong, but that's not
true,
L. Beard, who helped design the
Purdue study.
iron reserves go to zero,
and if you wait until that point, you're in
trouble.
However, most
people with low iron reserves don't know they have
a deficiency,
because traditional
methods of calculating the amount of iron in blood
(by
checking levels of the blood
protein that transports oxygen) are not
sufficient,
Beard states. Instead, it's
important to check levels of a different compound,
which indicates the amount of storage
of iron in the blood. While active,
child-bearing age women are most likely
to have low iron stores, he notes,
are
not safe, especially if they don't eat meat and
have a high level of physical
activity.
stores.) Beard and
other experts say it's advisable for people in
these groups to
have a yearly blood
test to check blood iron reserves.
If iron levels are low, talk with a
physician to see if the deficiency should be
corrected by modifying your diet or by
taking supplements. In general, it's
better to undo the problem by adding
more iron-rich foods to the diet, because
iron supplements can have serious
shortcomings. Supplements may produce a
feeling of wanting to throw up, and may
be poisonous in some cases. The best
sources of iron, and the only sources
of the form of iron most readily absorbed
by the body, are meat, chicken, and
fish. Good sources of other forms of iron
include dates, beans, and some leafy
green vegetables.
cereals with the
words 'iron-added' on the label,
Nancy
Clark.
occurs in grains. Eat these
foods with plentiful Vitamin C (for example, drink
orange juice with cereal or put a
tomato on a sandwich) to enhance the amount
of iron absorbed.
derive iron
from the pan during the cooking process.
tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for
three hours showed a striking increase,
the level going up nearly 30
times,
have low iron should avoid
drinking coffee or tea with meals, she says, since
substances in these drinks can
interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.
Purdue's Lyle.
gone, you can remedy the deficiency
before it really becomes a
problem.
铁与运动的关系
运动医学专家经过多年的观察，发现耐力运动员，特别是女性，经常会缺铁。
普渡大学研究人员进行的一项新的研究表明：
即
使是适度的锻炼，
也可能会降低女性血液中
的铁含量。
“我们发现，那些通常不运动的女性一旦开
始适度的锻炼，就会出现铁含量下降的迹象，
”
普渡大学罗斯安
妮·
M.
莱尔副教授说。
她对
62
名妇女进行了研究，并将研究结果发表
在《体育运动医学与科学》杂志上。这些妇
女原先不怎么运动，后来开始了为期
6
个月、每周
3
次的锻
炼。
莱尔指出：
< br>“那些增食肉类食品或服用铁质补剂的女性能够恢复到健康状态。
但突然参加锻炼却仍沿用旧食谱的人则显示出铁含量降低。
”
缺铁在女性中是很常见的，
每四个十几岁的少女中有一人缺铁，
每五个
18
至
45
岁的女性中
有一人缺
铁。
而在积极锻炼的妇女中这一比例更高，女耐力运动员中，
缺铁者比例则高达
80%
。
莱尔说，这意味着
“太多女性忽视了
自己摄入的铁含量”
。
育龄女性危险最大，因为月经是铁流失的重要原因之一。
此外，
许多保健意识太强的女性也很危险，
因为她们拒绝食用牛肉或羊肉，
而这些肉中含有
的铁最易被吸收
。
而且，
由于女性常常为了控制体重
而节食，
从而未能摄取足够的含铁丰富的食物，
结果可能
导致缺铁。
另一
名专家指出，
“普通女性每天摄入的铁只是应摄入量的三分之二。
”
他指出，
“对于那些已经缺铁的女性，任何因锻炼而产生的更多铁质流失都足以导致体内缺
铁
状况的恶化。
”
运动可能通过多种机制导致铁流失。
有些铁随汗液流失。
另外，
由于某些未知的原因，
高强度的耐力运动有时会引起消化系统内
出血。
<
/p>
运动员从事跑步之类高强度剧烈运动，也可能会因为足部血管失血的现象而使铁质流失。<
/p>
缺铁分为三个阶段：
第一也即最常见
的阶段，是铁质储量不足。这一阶段一般没有症状。
到了缺铁
的第二阶段，
就会出现疲倦和力不从心，
此时体内已没有足够的
铁来形成血蛋白分
子，将氧输至运动肌肉。
< br>在第三即最后阶段，人常常感到虚弱、疲乏无力、喘不过气，运动成绩大打折扣。
“人们认为，
只要不到第三阶段就不
会有什么问题。
这种想法是不对的。
”
帮助设计普渡大
学研究的约翰·
L.
比尔德说。
“只有当你的铁储量为零
时，
你才会进入第三阶段。
而你若坐等到这个时候，
你的麻烦就大
了。
”
然而，
比尔德指出，
大多数铁质储量低的人并未意识到自己缺铁，
因为传统的检测血液中铁
含量的方法──检验血液中输送氧气的血蛋白的含量──是不够的。
<
/p>
其实，有必要检查血液中另一种混合成分的含量，它可以显示血液中的铁含量。
他还指出，虽然积极锻炼的育龄妇女最有可能铁含量低，
“但男性也并非不缺铁，尤其是在
他们不吃肉类而又从事高强度的体力活动的情
况下。
”
（估计有
15%
的男性长跑运动员铁含量低。
< br>）比尔德和其他专家都说，对这些人而言，最好
每年验一次血，以测定血液中的铁
含量。
如果铁含量低，就要去看医
生，以确定是否该通过调整饮食或服用铁质补剂来校正不足。
一般说来，
解决问题的最好方法是在食谱中增加含铁丰富的食物，
因为铁质补剂可能存在严
重缺陷。
“服用铁质补剂可能使人想
呕吐，有时甚至还会引起中毒。
最好的铁来源，以及唯一最易
为身体所吸收的铁来源，是肉、鸡和鱼。
其他较好的铁质来源
包括枣、豆类和一些多叶绿色蔬菜。
”
“选择那些标有‘加铁’字样的面包和麦片，
”
运动营养专家南希·克拉克写道，
“
这些增加的铁质补充了谷物中自然含铁量的不足。将这些食物与含有大量维生素
C
的食
物一起食用──比如吃麦片时喝橘子汁，或在三明治内夹上番茄─
─可以促进铁质吸收。
”
克拉克还建议用铁锅烹食，因为烹调过程中食物能从铁锅中吸收铁质。
她写道，
“
在铁锅内烹煮了
3
个小时的番茄汁，
其铁含量大大提高，
增加到原来的
30
倍左右。
”
她说，
铁含量可能低的人，<
/p>
吃饭时应避免喝咖啡或饮茶，
因为这些饮料中所含的物质会妨碍<
/p>
身体对铁质的吸收。
“运动女性应特别注意选择饮食。
”普渡大学的莱尔总结说：
< br>
“如果你在铁含量流失之前就注意到了警告信号，
你就
可以在它真正成为问题之前弥补铁质
的不足。
”
U3
Where Principles Come First
The Hyde School operates on
the principle that if you teach students the merit
of such values as truth, courage,
integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern,
then academic achievement naturally
follows. Hyde School founder Joseph
Gauld claims success with the program
at the $$18,000-a-year high school in
Bath, Maine, which has received
considerable publicity for its work with troubled
youngsters.
Gauld, Joseph's
son, who graduated from Hyde and is now
headmaster.
ourselves as preparing kids
for a way of life
—
by
cultivating a comprehensive
set of
principles that can affect all kids.
Now, Joe Gauld is trying to spread his
controversial Character First idea to public,
inner-city schools willing to use the
tax dollars spent on the traditional program
for the new approach. The first Hyde
public school program opened in
September 1992. Within months the
program was suspended. Teachers
protested the program's demands and the
strain associated with more intense
work. This fall, the Hyde Foundation is
scheduled to begin a preliminary public
school program in Baltimore. Teachers
will be trained to later work throughout
the entire Baltimore system. Other US
school managers are eyeing the program,
too. Last fall, the Hyde Foundation
opened a magnet program within a public
high school in the suburbs of New
Haven, Connecticut, over parents' protests.
The community feared the school would
attract inner-city minority and troubled
students.
As in
Maine the quest for truth is also widespread at
the school in Connecticut.
In one
English class, the 11 students spend the last five
minutes in an energetic
exchange
evaluating their class performance for the day on
a 1-10 scale.
a 10.
homework.
didn't ask questions
today.
says the conventional education
system cannot be reformed. He notes
amount of change
The Hyde School assumes
based on character, not intelligence or
wealth. Conscience and hard work are
valued. Success is measured by growth,
not academic achievement. Students
are
required to take responsibility for each other. To
avoid the controversy of
other
character programs used in US schools, Gauld says
the concept of doing
your best has
nothing to do with forcing the students to accept
a particular set
of morals or religious
values. The Hyde curriculum is similar to
conventional
schools that provide
preparation for college, complete with English,
history,
math and science. But all
students are required to take performing arts and
sports, and provide a community
service. For each course, students get a grade
for academic achievement and for
attend four-year colleges. Commitment
among parents is a key ingredient in
the Hyde mixture. For the student to
gain admission, parents also must agree to
accept and demonstrate the school's
philosophies and outlook.
The parents agree in writing to meet
monthly in one of 20 regional groups, go to
a yearly three-day regional retreat,
and spend at least three times a year in
workshops, discussion groups and
seminars at Bath. Parents of Maine students
have an attendance rate of 95% in the
many sessions. Joe and Malcolm Gauld
both say children tend to do their
utmost when they see their parents making
similar efforts. The biggest obstacle
for many parents, they say, is to realize
their own weaknesses. The process for
public school parents is still being
worked out, with a lot more difficulty
because it is difficult to convince parents
that it is worthwhile for them to
participate. Of the 100 students enrolled in New
Haven, about 30% of the parents attend
special meetings. The low attendance
is
in spite of commitments they made at the outset of
the program when Hyde
officials
interviewed 300 families.
Once the problems are worked out, Hyde
should work well in public schools,
says a teacher at Bath who taught for
14 years in public schools. He is optimistic
that once parents make a commitment to
the program, they will be daily role
models for their children, unlike
parents whose children are in boarding schools.
One former inner-city high school
teacher who now works in the New Haven
program, says teachers also benefit.
fruitful relationship with each
student. Our focus is really about teacher to
stud
ent and then we together
deal with the…academics. In the traditional high
school setting, it's teacher to the
material and then to the
student.
teacher-student relationship is
taken even further at Hyde. Faculty evaluations
are conducted by the students.
Jimmy DiBattista, 19, is
amazed he will graduate this May from the Bath
campus
and plans to attend a
university. Years ago, he had seen his future as
college
DiBattista remembers
his first days at Hyde.
cursed
everybody. Every other school was, 'Get out, we
don't want to deal with
you. 'I came
here and they said, 'We kind of like that spirit.
We don't like it with
the negative
attitudes. We want to turn that spirit
positive.'
品德至上
海德中学的办学宗旨是：如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、
正直、领导能力、好奇心和关
心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩自然就会提高。
该校的创始人约瑟夫·
高尔德声称学校的教
学很成功。
海德中学位于缅因州巴思市，
每年的
学费高达
1.8
万美元，因其教导问题少年有方而闻名
遐迩。
“我们并不把自己看作一所
专为某一类孩子而开设的学校，
”马尔科姆·高尔德说。他是约
瑟夫的儿子，毕业于海德中学，现任海德中学校长。
“我们把
帮助孩子培养一种生活方式看作自己的职责，
办法是倡导一整套能影响所有孩子的
价值观念。
”
<
/p>
现在，乔·高尔德
(
约瑟夫·高尔德
)
正试图将他尚有争议的“品德第一”的理念向旧城区的
公立学校推广。这些学校愿意将用于传统教学计划的税金用于实施这一新的教学方法。
海德公立学校第一个教学计划始于
1992
年
9
月。
但几个月后，该计划即告暂停。
教师
们对教学计划的高要求以及高强度工作所带来的压力表示抗议。
今年秋天，海德基金会计划在巴尔的摩启动初步的公立学校教
学计划。
教师要接受培训，以便今后能在整个巴尔的摩体系内胜任工作。
美国其他学校的领导们也在关注这个教学计划。
去年秋天，
在家长的一片抗议声中，
海德基金会在康
涅狄格州纽黑文市郊区的一所中学内启
动了一个引人注目的教学计划。
< br>
当地居民担心该校可能招进来旧城区的少数民族学生和问题学生。
就像在缅因州那样，求真也在康涅狄格州的这所
中学得到广泛推崇。
在一堂英语课上，
11
名学生用最后的
5
分钟展开激烈
的讨论，依照
1
－
10
的评分标准相互
评价他们当天的课堂表现。
“我得
10
分。
”
“
我有意见。你既没做语法作业，也没做拼写练习。
”
“那好，就
7
分吧。
”
“你只能得
6
分。
”
“等等，我可是全力以赴的。
”
“是的，可你今天没提问。
”
在解释自己的教育方法时，乔·高尔德指出，对传统的教育体
制不能只是改革。
他说“无论怎样改革”
，用马和马车“是改革不出汽车的”
。
海德中学认为
“每一个人都有自己的
独特潜能”
，
这种潜能的基础是品格而不是智力或财富。
良知和苦干受到推崇。
成功由不断进步来衡量，而不是由学习成绩来评定。
学生必须相互负责。
为了避免美国中
学使用的其他品格培养方案所引发的争议，高尔德解释说，
“全力以赴”这
一概念并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。
海德中学的课程与那些为升入大学做准备的传统学校所开设的
课程相似，包括英语、历史、
数学和自然科学。
但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育，还要提供社区服务。
在每门课程中，学生都会得到一个综合了学习成绩和“努力程度”的分数。
在巴思市，
97%
的海德
中学毕业生都升入了大学本科。
在海德中学的综合教育中，父母的参与是一个关键的组成部分。
为了使孩子被该校录取，家长也必须同意接受并实践学校的思想和观点。
家长们签约同意每月出席一次区域小组会议
(
共
20
个区域小组
)
，每年去区域休养所三天，
每年至少参加三次巴思市的研修班、
讨论组和研讨会。
在很多活动中，缅因州学生家长的出席率高
达
95%
。
乔和马尔科姆·
高尔德都说，
当孩子们见到自己的父母都在全力
以赴时，
他们也会竭尽全力。
他们说
，对许多家长而言，最困难的是让他们意识到自己的不足。
公立学校学生家长的活动计划仍在制定之中。
这项工作的困难要
大得多，
因为很难使家长相
信他们的参与很有价值。
在纽黑文市录取的
100
名学生中，有
30%
左右的家长出席了各类特别会议。
这一低出席率违背了他们在教学计划开始实施时所做的承诺，
当时海德中学的官员曾与
300
个家庭进行了
面谈。
巴思市一名在公立学校教书
达
14
年之久的教师说，一旦问题得到解决，海德教学计划就会
在公立学校中获得成功。
他乐观地认
为，
一旦家长们投入到计划当中，
他们就会成为孩子们日常行为
的榜样，
这与寄
宿学校的学生家长完全不同。
< br>
一名曾任教于旧城区学校的教师如今在从事纽黑文教
学计划。他说，教师也能从中受益。
“在这里，我们真正开始
集中精力与每一个学生建立卓有成效的关系。
我们的重点真的是先考虑师生关系，然后是师生共同探讨学业。
而在传统的中学里，是先考虑教师和教材的关系，然后再考虑师生关系。
”
师生关系在海德中学被进一步深化了。
对教职员工的评估由学生来进行。
19
岁的吉米·迪巴蒂斯塔今年
5
月将从巴思校区毕业，并准备升入大学。对此他感到惊奇。
几年前，他还觉得自己的前途“是在监狱，而不是在大学”
。
迪巴蒂斯塔还记得他刚到海德中学时的情景。
“我来这儿时，见人就侮辱，就咒骂。
其他每所学校都会说：
‘滚出去！我们这儿不要你。
’
我来到这儿，他们却说：
‘我们有几分喜欢
这种活力，但并不喜欢它消极的一面，我们要将
它转化成积极的东西。
< br>’
”
U4
Five Famous Symbols of
American Culture
The Statue of Liberty
In the mid-1870s, French artist
Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was working on an
enormous project called Liberty
Enlightening the World, a monument
celebrating US independence and the
France-America alliance. At the same time,
he was in love with a woman whom he had
met in Canada. His mother could not
approve of her son's affection for a
woman she had never met, but Bartholdi
went ahead and married his love in
1876.
That same year
Bartholdi had assembled the statue's right arm and
torch, and
displayed them in
Philadelphia. It is said that he had used his
wife's arm as the
model, but felt her
face was too beautiful for the statue. He needed
someone
whose face represented
suffering yet strength, someone more severe than
beautiful. He chose his mother.
The Statue of Liberty was
dedicated on an island in Upper New York Bay in
1886.
It had his mother's face and his
wife's body, but Bartholdi called it
Liberty
Barbie
Before all
the different types of Barbie dolls for sale now,
there was just a single
Barbie.
Actually, her name was Barbara. Barbara Handler
was the daughter of
Elliot and Ruth
Handler, co-founders of the Mattel Toy Company.
Ruth came up
with the idea for Barbie
after watching her daughter play with paper dolls.
The
three-dimensional model for Barbie
was a German doll
—
a joke
gift for adults
described as having the
appearance of
refashioned the doll into
a decent, all-American
—
although with an
exaggerated breast
size
—
version and named it
after Barbara, who was then a
teenager.
Since her introduction in
1959, Barbie has become the universally recognized
Queen of the Dolls. Mattel says the
average American girl owns ten Barbie dolls,
and two are sold somewhere in the world
every second.
Now more than
sixty years old, Barbara
—
who declines interviews but is said to
have loved the doll - may be the most
famous unknown figure on the planet.
Barbie's boyfriend, Ken, was introduced
in 1961 and named after Barbara's
brother. The real Ken, who died in
1994, was disgusted by the doll that made his
family famous.
American Gothic
Grant Wood instantly rose to fame in
1930 with his painting American Gothic, an
often-copied interpretation of the
solemn pride of American farmers. The
painting shows a serious-looking man
and a woman standing in front of a
farmhouse. He was strongly influenced
by medieval artists and inspired by the
Gothic window of an old farmhouse, but
the faces in his composition were what
captured the world's attention.
Wood liked to paint faces
he knew well. For the grave farmer he used his
dentist,
a sour-looking man. For the
woman standing alongside him, the artist chose his
sister, Nan. He stretched the models'
necks a bit, but there was no doubt who
posed for the portrait. Nan later
remarked that the fame she gained from
American Gothic saved her from a very
boring life.
The Buffalo
Nickel
Today, American coins
honor prominent figures of the US government
—
mostly
famous
former presidents. But the Buffalo nickel,
produced from 1913 to 1938,
honored a
pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of
the American
frontier
—
the destruction of the
buffalo herds and the American Indians.
While white people had
previously been used as models for most American
coins,
famed artist James Earle Fraser
went against tradition by using three actual
American Indians as models for his
creation. For the buffalo on the other side,
since buffalo no longer wandered about
the great grasslands, Fraser was forced
to sketch an aging buffalo from New
York City's Central Park Zoo. Two years
later, in 1915, this animal was sold
for $$100 and killed for meat, a hide, and a
wall decoration made from its horns.
Uncle Sam
Fourteen-year-old Sam Wilson ran away
from home to join his father and older
brothers in the fight to liberate the
American colonies from the British during the
American Revolution. At age 23, he
started a meatpacking business and earned
a reputation for being honest and hard
working. During a later war in 1812,
Wilson gained a position inspecting
meat for US Army forces, working with a
man who had signed a contract with the
government to provide meat to the
army.
Barrels of meat supplied to the army were stamped
the company (EA) and country of origin
(US).
According to one
story, when a government official visited the
plant and asked
about the letters, a
creative employee told him
Wilson. Soon
soldiers were saying all Army supplies were from
After the war, a character
called Uncle Sam began appearing in political
cartoons, his form evolving from an
earlier cartoon character called Brother
Jonathan that was popular during the
American Revolution. Uncle Sam soon
replaced Brother Jonathan as American's
most popular symbol. The most
enduring
portrait of Uncle Sam was created by artist James
Montgomery Flagg
in his famous army
recruiting posters of World Wars I and II. That
version
—
a
tall
man with white hair and a small white beard on his
chin, a dark blue coat and
a tall hat
with stars on it
—
was a
self-portrait of Flagg.
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