-出台
英语的学习是一个积累的过程,所以在平时的学习中,同学们学会积累,
找到好的学习方法,总结考试经验,同时注意针对性的训练,以下是英语宾语
从句详解及
练习。
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语
,或介词的宾语,
或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类
。
1.
由
that
引导的宾语从句。
that
只
有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口
语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:
He said (that) he wanted to stay
at home.
She doesn't know (that)she is
seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will
succeed.
2.
由连接代词
who, whom, whose, what,
which
和连接副词
when,
where,
why, how
引导的宾语从句。这些连接代
词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个
成分。例如:
Do you know who(whom)they are waiting
for?
He asked whose handwriting was the
best.
Can you tell me where the No.3
bus stop is?
I don't know why the train
is late.
3.
由
if
p>
或
whether
引导的宾语从句。
If
和
whether
在句中的意思是“是
否”。例如:
I want to know if(whether)he lives
there.
He asked me whether(if)I could
help him.
【宾语从句歌诀】
宾语从句三姊妹,
that
,
if
/whether
,
wh-/how
展
风采。
展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。
主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变。
陈述请你选
that
,疑问需用
if/
whether
连。
特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。
三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意。
留意变脸的
if/when
,从句的简化记心间。
【歌诀解码】
一、三姊妹
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:
1.
由
that
引导的宾语从句。如
We knew(that)we
should learn from each other.
2.
由
if/whether
引导的宾语从句。如
Please tell me if/whether you
have been to America.
3.
由
p>
who
,
where
,
how
等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如:
Can you tell me how I can get
to the nearest post office?
二、三关
1.
引导词关
如果从句是陈述句,引导词
用
that(that
在口语或非正式文体中常省略
);
如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用
if/wh
ether;
如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导
词用由疑问词转换而
来的疑问代词
/
副词。
2.
语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。如:
He is an honest boy. The teacher said.
→
The teacher
said(that)h
e was an honest boy.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。如:
Does he work hard? I wonder.
→
I wonder if/whether he
works har
d.
When did he
leave? I don
’
t know.
→
I
don
’
t know when he left.
3.
时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:
I have heard(that)he will come back
next week.
②如果主句是过去的某种时态,
那么从
句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。
如:
He said(that)there were no classes
yesterday.
注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主
句是什么
时态,从句都要用一般现在时。如:
He said that light travels much faster
than sound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
1.
从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主
语一致
;
如果
是第二人称,则与主句的
宾语一致
;
如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:
< br>
“
May I use your
knife?
”
He asked me.
→
He asked me if he might
use my knife.
“
Do
you know her telephone
number?
”
He asked me.
→
He asked me if I know her
telephone number.
2.
宾语从句的标点
均由主句决定。
主句是陈述句,
用句号
;
主句是疑问句,
用问号。如:
Who will give us a talk? I
don
’
t know.
→
I
don
’
t know who will
give us a talk.
Do you know?
Where does he live?
→
Do you
know where he lives?
四、两副面孔
if
和
when
既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。因此,遇到它们
就要认真分析一下,它们
究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如:
If it
rains tomorrow, I won
’
t
come.(
时间状语从句
)
I
don
’
t know if it will rain
tomorrow. (
宾语从句
)
五、从句的简化
1.
当主句谓语动词是
find
,
see
,
watch
,
hear
等感官动词时,从句常简
化为“宾语
+
宾补”结构,宾补为不带
to
的不定式或
V-ing
形式。如:
< br>
She found that the wallet was lying
on the ground.
→
She found
the wallet lying on the ground.
2.
当主句谓语动词是
hope
,
< br>wish
,
decide
,
p>
forget
,
plan
< br>,
agree
等,且
主句主语与
从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:
She
agreed that she could help me with my maths.
→
She agreed to
help me with my maths.
3.
在连
接代词
/
副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接
宾
语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词
/
< br>副词
+
不定式”结构。如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the
station?
→
Can you tell me
how to get to the station?
【
中考
范例】
1. Miss Green
didn
’
t tell us _______ in
2002.
A. where does she live B. Where
she lives
C. where did she live D.
where she lived (
北京市中考试题
)
p>
【解析】答案:
D
。该题考查的是宾语从句
的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈
述句的语序和时态,所以应选
D
。
2. Would you
please tell me ________?
(
上海市徐汇区中考试题
)
A.
when did he come home B. where he would play
football
C. if he had seen the film D.
why he didn
’
t watch the game
【解析】答案:
D
。该题考查的是宾语
从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上
是现在时,宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序
和一般过去时。
3. I
don
’
t know when __________.
A. will the train leave B. the train
will leave