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英语中常见的省略
省略是为了避免重复，
突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语
法修辞手段。
省略在语言中，
尤其在对话中，
是一种十分普遍的现
象。
【词的省略】
一
.
省略介词
I spent two hours ( in ) playing
basketball .
二
.
省略
连接词
that
在
know ,
think , consider , suppose , find , believe ,say ,
decide ,
等动
词后的宾语从句中
that
可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一
个
that
可以省略，其余的不可以省略。
I believe ( that ) you will succeed .
I
’
m sure
（
that
）
Mr. Smith
will help you .
注意：在宾语从句中，当有两个以上并列从句时，第
一个
that
可以
省略，以后的均不可
省略。
He said ( that ) the
text was very important and that we should
learn it by heart .
三
.
省略关系代词
在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词
that
,
which
,
who
,
whom
可省略，非限制性定语从句中的关系词不能省略。
I
will give you all ( that ) I have.
Mike
read the book ( which ) I bought yesterday .
The girl ( who / whom / that ) the
teacher spoke to is Lily .
【句子成分的省略】
一
.
省略主语。如：
Beg
your pardon. ( Beg
前省略了主语
I )
Take care ! (
Take
前省略了主语
you )
Looks as if it is going to rain . (
Looks
前省略了主语
it )
二
.
省略谓语。如：
Who next? (
Who
后面省略了谓语
comes )
The lake was deep and the ice thin .(
ice
后面省略了
was )
We
will do the best we can . (
can
后面省略了动词
do )
三<
/p>
.
省略表语。如：
-Are you ready?
-Yes ,I am .
( am
后省略了
ready )
四
.
省略宾语。如：
Let
’
s
do
the
dishes
.
I
’
ll
wash
and
you
’
ll
dry
.
(
wash
和
dry
后面省略了宾语
dishes )
五
.
省略状语。如：
Tom
was
not
hurt
.
Strange
!
(
Strange
前面省略了状语
how
)
六
.
在由
and
和
but
连接的句子中，为了避免重复，常省略一些重复
的词或词组。
1.
省略共同的主语或状语。
Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road
and ( Mr. Smith )
handed it to a
policeman .
2.
若主语不同而谓语助动词、
情态动词相同，
则省略后面的情态动词
或助
动词。
Jack must have been
playing football and Mary ( must have
been ) doing her homework .
3.
若主语与谓语相同，则省略后面的主语成分。
His
advice
made
me
happy
,
but
(
his
advice
made
)
Jim
angry
.
4.
若主语不同，
但主要动词及后续部分相同，<
/p>
则省略主要动词及后续
部分。
I was born in winter 1998 and Bob (
was born in winter ) in
1989 .
< br>5.
省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。
He was late because he had overslept
and ( because he had )
missed the train
.
【特别提醒】
一
.
省略句可同时省略掉句子的几个成分。如：
What exciting news ! ( = What exciting
news it is ! )
Pity he has failed . (
It is a pity that he has failed .)
二
.
英语中有一些固定的省略结构：
1.
在以
if
,
when
,
while
,till
,though
,as
soon
as
,
whenever
,
as if , as , whether ,
than , unless
等连词引导的状语从句中，
如从
句中的主要动词是
be
，而主语又跟主句主语相同或是
it
时，
则从句的主语和动词
be
常省略。如：
If
necessary , we shall send a telegram home .
While cycling ,
don
’
t forget to see the
traffic lights .
I will not go to the
party unless ( I am ) invited .
Though
( he was ) tired , he was not disheartened .
I Will go to Beijing next week if ( it
is ) possible .
Errors if ( there are )
any , should be corrected .
注意：
there
be
的省略
He got to
school earlier than ( he had been ) expected .
2.
由固定词组引导的疑问句。如：
What about playing basketball ?
What if it is raining ?
3.
在口语中，
为了避免重复，
不定式可以省去
和句子前部分重复的动
词原形而只保留不定式符号
to
。如：
He may leave if
he wishes to .
Don
’
t go till I
tell you to .
4.
被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上，但有时省略结构已经定型，
如果把省略部分补上，
反而不合乎习惯。如：
He is shorter
than I am . ( am
之后省略
short
，补上不合
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