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英语翻译
PART ONE
（
30
POINTS
）
I.
Multiple Choice Questions(30 points, 2 points for
each)
A. Directions: This part consists
of ten sentences, each followed by four
diff
erent versions marked A,B,C, and D.
Choose the one that is the closest
equival
ent of the original in terms of
meaning and expressiveness.
1
．
Egypt’
s very soil was born
in the Nile’
s annual flood; with the
flood came
the life-giving mud that
made Egypt the granary of the ancient
world.
（
）
A
．埃及
的土地就是尼罗河每年泛滥而形成的。河水泛滥，万物得以生长，埃及就这样成了
古代世
界的粮仓。
B
．埃及的土地就是尼罗
河每年泛滥而形成的。河水泛滥带来泥沙，万物得以生长，埃及就
这样成了古代世界的粮
仓。
C
．因为每年河水泛滥，泥沙形
成了埃及的土地，万物得以生长，埃及就这样成了古代世界
的粮仓。
D
．万物之所以能生长，是因为埃及的土地是尼罗河每年
泛滥带来的泥沙而形成的。埃及就
这样成了古代世界的粮仓。
2
．
Since economic
reform began in 1978, an average growth rate of
almost 10% a
year has seen China’s GNP
nearly
qua
druple.
（
）
A
．
自
1978
年经济改革以来，
中国经济以年均
10%
的速度增长，
使其国民生产总值翻了两番。
B
．自
1978
年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均近
10%
的速度增长，使其国民生产总值几乎翻
了
几番。
C
．自
1978
年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均近
10%
的速度增长，使其国民生产总值增长了
四倍。
D
．自
1978
年经济改革以来，中国经济以平均每年
10%
的速度增长，使
其国民生产总值增加
到原来的四倍。
3
．
The devastating
floods and droughts that imposed a recurrent tax
of sufferin
g on the farmers no longer
occur. Egyptian agriculture has been transformed,
an
d industry is benefiting from power
generated by the dam.
（
）
A
．过去
不断给农民带来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。埃及的农业得到了改造，工业
也用上
了水坝发的电。
B
．过去不断给农民
带来灾难的不但有旱涝两灾，还有税收。但是现在埃及的农业得到了改
造，工业也用上了
水坝发的电。
C
．过去不断给农民带
来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。埃及的农业得到了改良，水坝
发的电也用在了工业
上。
D
．过去不断给农民带来灾难的
不但有旱涝两灾，还有税收。但是埃及的农业得到了改良，
工业也给水坝发电带来了很大
的好处。
4
．
All plays are
alike to me just as all music is alike to
Tony.
（
）
A
．所有
的戏剧对于我就像所有的音乐对托尼一样。
B
．正如托尼喜欢所有的音乐一样，我也非常喜欢所有的戏剧。
C
．我对戏剧就像托尼对音乐一样，非常欣赏。
D
．托尼不会欣赏音乐，同样我也不会欣赏戏剧。
< br>
5
．
I
particularly want to pay tribute, not only to
those who prepared the magni
ficent
dinner, but also to those who have provided the
splendid music.
（
）
A
．我不
仅要特别奖赏那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要奖赏那些为我们提供美好音
乐的人
。
B
．我不仅要特别赞扬那些准备了
这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要赞扬那些为我们提供美好音
乐的人。
C
．我不仅要特别赞扬那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且
还要赞扬那些为我们演奏好音乐
的人。
D
．我特别赞扬的不是那些准备了这次盛晚宴的人，而是那些为我们演奏美好音乐的人
。
6
．我就担心丧失机会。不抓呀，
看到的机会就丢掉了，时间一晃就过去了。（
）
A
．
The only thing
I worry about is that we may lose opportunities.
If we don’
t
seize them, they
will slip through our fingers, time speeds by.
B
．
The only thing
I worry about is that we may lose opportunities.
Don’
t seize
them, they will
slip through our fingers, because time speeds by.
C
．
The only thing
I worry about is that we may lose opportunities.
If
we don’
t
seize
them, they will slip through our fingers. Now that
time flies fast.
D
．
The only thing
I worry about is that we may lose opportunities.
If we don’
t
seize them, they
will slip through our fingers as time speeds by. <
/p>
7
．我感谢陆登庭校长的邀请，使我有机会在这美好的金秋时节来
到你们这座美国古老而又
现代化的学府。（
）
A
．
I thank
President Rudenstine to invite me to this old yet
modern institution
of the United States
in this golden fall.
B
．
I wish to thank
President Rudenstine for inviting me to this old
yet modern
institution of the United
States in this golden fall.
C
．
I thank
President Rudenstine for inviting me to this
ancient yet modern inst
itution of the
U.S. in this golden autumn.
D
．
I wish to thank
President Rudenstine to invite me to this ancient
yet modern
institution of the U.S. in
this golden autumn.
8
．合营各方按注
册资本比例分享利润和分担风险及亏损。（
）
A
．
The parties to
the venture shall share the profits, risks and
losses in prop
ortion to their
contributions to the registered capital.
B
．
The parties to
the venture shall divide the profits, risks and
losses in pro
portion to their
contributions to the registered capital.
C
．
The parties to
the venture shall divide and enjoy the profits,
share the ris
ks and losses in
proportion to their contributions to the
registered capital.
D
．
The parties to
the venture shall share the profits, and divide
the risks and
losses in proportion to
their contributions to the registered capital.
9
．虽然我浑身酸痛，可是不干活儿不行呀！（
）
A
．
Though I still
ached all over, I must work.
B
．
Though I still
ached all over, I had to work.
C
．
Though I still
ached all over, I cannot but work.
D
．
Though I still
ached all over, but I had to work.
10<
/p>
．中国自
20
世纪
60
年代开始进行海洋油气资源的自营勘探和开发。（
）
A
．
Since the
1960s,China began to explore and exploit offshore
oil and gas reso
urces on its own.
B
．
Beginning from
the 1960s, China began to explore and exploit
offshore oil an
d gas resources on its
own.
C
．
As early
as the 1960s,China began to explore and exploit
offshore oil and ga
s resources on its
own.
D
．
Until the
1960s, China began to explore and exploit offshore
oil and gas res
ources on its own.
B
．
Directions:
This part consists of five unfinished statements,
each followed
by four choices labeled
A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes
each s
tatement.
11
．严复翻译的《天演论》，其原文的题目是（
）
A
．
Inquiry into
the Nature of Evolution
B
．
Study of
Evolution and Ethics
C
．
Evolution and
Ethics and Other Essays
D
．
Study of the
System of Logic
12
．周煦良在“翻译三论
”一文中写道：直译可以分为三类，其中不包括（
）
A
．译音而不译意
B
．照字面译
C
．不妄改原文的字句
D
．按照原文的结构或词序的翻译
13
．Cicero said,“In doing
so
, I did not think it necessary
（
）.”
A
．
to translate
word for word
B
．
to preserve the
general style
C
．
to keep the
force of the language
D
．
to change the
form of the original
14
．不符合科技英语特点的是（
）
A
．严肃的书面语体
B
．词汇含义相对单一并且固定
C
．广泛使用被动语态
D
．趋向于使用多重复合结构
15
．一般来说，在用词方面，（
）
A
．汉语喜欢重复，英语也喜欢重复
B
．汉语不怕重复，英语也不怕重复
C
．英语不喜欢重复，汉语也不喜欢重复
D
．英语不喜欢重复，汉语则不怕重复
PART TWO
（
70
POINTS
）
II. Word
and Phrase Translation(20 points,1 point for each)
A. Directions: Put the following words
and phrases into Chinese.
16
．
articles of
association
17
．
te
lecommunications
18
．
come into
force
19
．
poisonous
chemicals
20
．
Vatican
21
．
the science of
biotic control
22
．
academic
exchanges
23
．
weapons of
mass destruction
24
．
undermanned
25
．
instrument of
ratification
B. Directions: Put the
following words and phrases into English.
26
．诺贝尔奖获得者
27
．奥运会
28
．北洋军阀政府
29
．预算
30
．生产力
31
．御花园
32
．基金会
33
．渔场
34
．振兴中华
35
．人类文明的发祥地
III
．
Translation
Improvement(20 points, 2 points for each)
A
．
Directions:
Each of the following Chinese translations has one
or more inade
quacies. Improve the given
translations.
Example:
原文：
Adelaide enjoys a
Mediterranean climate.
译文：阿德莱德享有地中海型气候。
改译：阿德莱德属地中海型气候。
36
．原文：
I believe
Chinese economic authorities recognize the problem
and the
next Five-Year Plan will
address it effectively.
译文：我相信中国经济管理部门已
认识到这个问题，在下一个五年计划中会有效地提到它。
37
．
原文：
World War II
was more complex than World War I, which was a
collision
among the imperialist powers
over the spoils of market, resources and
territori
es.
译文：
第
二次世界大战比第一次世界大战更复杂，
那是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场资源和领
土的冲突。
38
．原文：
Yet there
was a bigger movement in the air by 1750.
< br>译文：到了
1750
年，进行了一场更大的空中运动。<
/p>
39
．原文：Byron’s
father, by his first marriage, had a daughter,
Augusta, Byro
n’s
half
-sister.
译文：拜伦的父亲和第一位妻子生
了一个女儿，名叫奥古斯塔，是拜伦同母异父的妹妹。
40
．原文：
It is no
use telling grown-up children not to make
mistakes, both bec
ause they will not
believe you, and because mistakes are an essential
part of e
ducation.
译文：
告诫子女不要犯错误，那是没用的，一来他们不听你的，二是错误本身也是教育的一
< br>个重要方面。
41
．原文：
Driving
southward from Cairo into the valley, I entered a
landscape t
hat owed little to the
present era.
译文：我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色没
有亏欠多少现在的时代。
B
．
Directions:
Each of the following English translations has one
or more inade
quacies. Improve the given
translations.
Example:
原文：能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。
译文：
To write a preface to
this collection of his essays gives me a great
hono
r.
改译：
I find
it a great honor to write a preface to this
collection of his essa
ys.
42
．原文：我最近还在另一个地方说过：艺术的最高境界是无技巧。
译文：
I’
ve also
said recently in another place that the highest
state to which
art can attain is
artlessness.
43
．原文：凤霞从
1966
年被迫离开舞台，后来又因病不能登台，至今已经
< br>14
年之久。
译文：
Fengxia was driven off
the stage in 1966 and later fell ill, for 14 years
she has not been able to perform.
44
．原文：合营企业的有关外汇事宜，应遵照中华人民共和国外汇管理条
例办理。
译文：
The
foreign exchange transactions of an equity joint
venture shall observ
e the regulations
on foreign exchange control of the People’s
Republic of Chin
a.
45
．原文：
老年人有长处，
但也有很大的弱点——老年人
容易固执，
因此老年人也要有点自
觉性。
译文：
Old people have
strengths but also great
weaknesses
—
they are easy to
be
stubborn, for
example
—
and they should be
aware of that.
IV
．
Paragraph
Translation(30 points)
A
．
Directions:
Translate the following passage into Chinese.(15
points)
46.
China may
well be the favorite whipping boy of manufacturers
in the Unit
ed States these days. But in
the developing world, the country is becoming the
trading partner of choice, drawing in
airplanes from Brazil, soybeans from
Arge
ntina and seafood from Malaysia,
boosting economies and leading to new
politica
l alliances.
The growing appetite of the
world’
s most
populous nation
has made China
a new source of income
for the developing economies of South America and
Asia.
“China’s
booming imports from developing
countries—
especially of
comm
odities
—
are
not only helping growth in countries from Brazil
to Africa, but ar
e already reshaping
international trade relations,”said Kenneth
Rogoff, an eco
nomics professor at
Harvard University.
Developed countries also are sending
more goods to Chins, the world’s s
ixth-
largest economy, with an estimated $$1.334 trillion
gross domestic product
in 2003,
according to the IMF.
B
．
Directions:
Translate the following passage into English.(15
points)
47
．
中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护，把发展海洋事业作
为国家发展战略，
加强海洋综合管理，
不断完善海洋法
律制度，
积极发展海洋科学技术和教
育。
中国积极参与联合国系统的海洋事务，
推进国家间和地区性海洋领域的合作，
并认真履
行自己承担的义务，为全球海洋开发和保护事业做出了积极贡献
。
1998
年是联合
国确定的国际海洋年，
中国政府愿借此机会介绍中国海洋事业的发展
情况。
海湾战争综合症
the complexities of the gulf war
豪赌
unrestrained
gambling
好事不出门，恶事传千里
good news never goes beyond the gate,
while bad news spread
far and wide.
好出风头的运动员
exhibitionist, grandstander
好莱坞大片
hollywood
blockbuster
好球
合理引导消费
guide
rational consumption
合议庭
collegiate bench
黑店
gangster inn
宏观调控
macro-
control efforts
红包
（中）
red paper containing
money as a gift, (
贬
) bribe,
kickback
环太平洋地区
pacific rim
后防空虚
leave the defense exposed
胡子工程
long-drawn-
out project (a project which takes so long that
young workers
BECome bearded)
虎父无犬子
a wise
goose never lays a tame egg.
户口管理制度
domicile
system, residence registration system
户主
head of a
household
护身法宝
amulet
华表
ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele
华盖
canopy
坏球
还俗
resume secular life, unfrock
黄、赌、毒
黄金时段
prime time
挥棒
swing
挥棒不中
fan
灰色收入
income from
moonlighting
汇丰银行
hong kong and shang hai banking
corporation
婚外恋
extramarital love
活到老，学到老
one is
never too old to learn.
货币回笼
withdrawal of currency from circulation
第三部分
倍数减少的表示方法
倍数减少在英译
时，需把倍数换算成分数。成几倍减少，可以改译成
”
减少到<
/p>
1/n“
或减少
了
”n
-
1/n“
。而减少了
n
倍，可改译成
”
减少
到
1/n
＋
1“
或
”
减少了
n/n+1“
。
1.
句式特点：表示
减少意义的动词＋
n times
表示成
n
倍减少，译成
”
减少到
1/n“
或
”
减少了
n-
1/n“
the length of laser tube was reduced
ten times.
激光管的长度缩短了十分之九。
2.
句式特点：表示减少意义的动词＋
by<
/p>
＋
n times
表示成
n
倍减少，译成
”
减少到
1/n“
或
”
减<
/p>
少了
n-
1/n“
the bandwith was reduced by two
times.
带宽减少了二分之一。
3.
句式特点：表示减少意义的动词＋
by a factor
of + n times
表示成
n
倍
减少，译成
”
减少到
1/n“
或
”
减少了
n-
1/n“
4.
句式
特点：
表示减少意义的动词＋
a-n
times(n-fold)+ reduction
译成
”<
/p>
减少到
1/n“
或
”
减少了
n-
1/n“
the principal advantage over the
old-fashioned machine is a four-fold reduction in
weight.
与旧式机器比，主要特点是重量减少了四分之三。
5.
句式特点：表示减少意义的动词＋
n times
＋
as + adj./adv. ...
..
译成
”
减少到
1/n“
或
”
减少了
n-
1/n“
6.
句式特点：表示减少意义的动词＋
n times+
比较级＋
than
< br>表示减少了
n
倍，译成
”
减少
到
1/n
＋
1”
或
“
减少了<
/p>
1/n
＋
1“
the plastic container is five times
lighter than that glass one.
这个塑料容器比那个玻璃
容器
轻六分之五。
Translation
Conclusion
Unit 1 stories
1. He was thirty-
six
，
his youth had passed
like a screaming eagle
，
leaving
him old and disillusioned.
他已三十六岁，青春像一路鸣叫的鹰，早已一闪而逝，
留给他的是衰老和幻灭。
2. average
height
普通高度
3.
gleaming eyes
两眼闪着光辉
4. in his
middle twenties
大概是二十五六岁的年龄
5. ignoring the
chair offered him
，
Chu The
stood squarely before this youth
more
than ten years his junior and in a level voice
told him who he was
，
what he
had
done
in
the
past
，
how
he
had
fled
from
Yunnan
，
talked
with
Sun
Yat-
sen
，
been
repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in
Shanghai
，
and had come to
Europe to find a new way of
life for
himself and a new revolutionary road for China.
朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子，
端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前，
用平稳的语
调，
说明自己的身份和经历：
他怎样逃出
云南
，
怎样会见孙中山，
怎样在
上海
被陈独秀
拒绝，
<
/p>
怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲。
6. When both
visitors had told their
stories
，
Chou smiled a
little
，
said he
would
help
them
find
rooms
，
and
arrange
for
them
to
join
the
Berlin
Communist
group
as
candidates
until
their
application
had
been
sent
to
China
and
an
answer
received.
两位来客把经历说完后，
周恩来微笑着说，
他可以
帮他们找到住的地方，
替他们办理加
入党在柏林的支部的手续，
在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前，暂时作候补党员。
7. Chinese
Communist Party
中国共产党
8.
两条要求，
忠实——内容，
通顺——语言
9.
Several
times
on
his
trips
to
China
，
which
he
made
as
a
guest
of
the
Chinese
Government
，
Bill
‘
s birthday occurred
while he was in Beijing.
以中国官方客人的身份，
比尔来访中国已多次了，
而且在
北京
停留期间恰适他生日也
有好几次了。<
/p>
10.
‘
This is for
you
，’
Bill Morrow heard on
many occasions he would never
forget
——
such
as
when
he
was
taken
a
boat
down
the
Grand
Canal
and
every
boat
that
passed sounded its siren in salutation.
Or when he shown over the great Nanjing
bridge
，
built
where
the
ferries
used
to
carry
trains
across
the
Changjiang
River.
He
was
given
a
chair
and
asked
to
wait
a
little
as
darkness
came
on
，
then
suddenly
the whole bridge
was outlined in lights.
“这是为你安排的。
”
这句话比尔。
莫诺听到过好几次，
每一次都令他难以忘怀。
有
一次，
他沿大运河乘船顺水而下，途经的每艘船都鸣笛致敬。
还有一次，
他参观雄伟的
南京长江大桥——以前没桥时，
要靠轮渡托载火车横渡长江。
夜幕渐渐降临了，
他被安
排坐下，并被告知稍坐等候，
然后突然间，
整个桥身被灯光勾画出了一个清晰的轮廊。
11. The most
important day I remember in all my life is the one
on which my
teacher
，
Anne
Mansfield
Sulliven
，
came
to
me.
I
am
filled
with
wonder
when
I
consider
the immeasurable
contrast between the two lives which it connects.
在我的记忆里，
安妮。曼斯匪尔德。
沙利文教师来的那一天，是我一生中最重要的日
子。
从这一天开始，
我的生活与以前迥然不同，
一想到这一点，
我就感到非常兴奋。
12. it
would have been difficult to find a happier child
than I was as I lay in my
crib at the
close of that eventful day and lived over the joys
it had brought me
，
and for the first time longed for a new
day to come.
当那感概万千的一天快要结束时，
我躺在自己的小床里，
感受这一天带给
我的那些快乐，
我觉得没有人比我更幸福了。
一生中第一次，我期待着新一天的来临。
13.
一切旧的传统观念，
一切阻止社会进步和人性发展的不合理的制度。
All
outmoded
traditional
thinking
；
any
irrational
system
which
obstructs
social
progress or human
development.
14.
我觉得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心，
又
觉得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的笔为自己伸冤一
样。
I felt as if my
mind was being whipped
，
as
if a ghost had commandeered my pen
and
was writing to redress the injustices it had
suffered.
15.
另一个地方
On another
occasion.
16.
长得好看的人用不着浓妆艳抹，
而我的文章就像一个丑八怪，
不打扮，
看起来
倒还顺眼些。
Physically
attractive people don
‘
t need
heavy make-up. Though my writing
resembles an ugly
monster
，
it actually looks a
little better without any
embellishment.
17.
我最恨那些盗名欺世，
欺骗读者的谎言。
This means I oppose
fabrication
，
deception and
flowery language. What I hate
most are
those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public
with their lies.
18.
就学习英语而言，有三个方面值得注意：拼法正确，合
乎用法——一个词怎么用，
和哪个词连用，很有讲究。句子平稳—合乎语法。
Unit2
HISTORY
1.
The
country
was
a
place
where
men
worked
from
dawn
to
dark
，
and
the
labourer
lived
not
in
the
sun
，
but
in
poverty
and
darkness.
What
aids
there
were
to
lighten
labour
were immemorial
，
like the
mill
，
which was already
ancient in Chaucer
‘
s
time.
The
industrial
Revolution
began
with
such
machines
；
the
millwrights
were
the
engineers
of
the
coming
age.
James
Brindley
of
Staffordashire
started
his
self-made
career in 1733 by working at mill
wheels
，
at the age of
seventeen
，
having been
born poor in a village.
在农村，
人们从早到晚都得干活，<
/p>
劳动者并不是沐浴在阳光下，
而在生活在贫困和黑暗
之中，
那么帮助减轻劳动的机械都不知从哪个年代就有了。
< br>比如磨坊，
在乔叟的时候就已经
是古老的了。
而工业革命就是从这些机械开始的。
修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程
师。
斯塔福郡的詹姆斯。布林斯雷，出身于一个贫苦的农村家庭；一七三三年，他十七岁
，就着
手改良磨坊的车轮，从而开始了他那自我奋斗的生涯。
2. in the air
酝酿之中
-purpose
machine
多功能机器
4. Brindley had begun on
his own account
，
out of
interest
，
to survey the
waterways that he traveled as he
went
about his
engineering projects for mills
and
mines.
布林斯雷在为
他的磨坊和矿井建筑工程到处奔走的时候，
出于自愿和兴趣，
对
沿途经过
的河道进行了勘察。
5.
they
often
had
little
education
，
and
in
fact
school
education
as
it
then
was could only dull an
inventive mind.
他们一般都没有受过什么教育。事实上，当时那种学校教育也只能窒息人的创造性。
6. arteries of
communication
交通的动脉
7.
readability
，
读起来上
口，顺。所谓翻译，是翻译意思，而不是翻译词句。只要抓住
了意思，译文在词句上可以
有一定的灵活性。
8.
Despite
the
great
gains
in
industry
，
agriculture
remained
the
nation
‘
s
basic
occupations. The
revolution in
agriculture
——
paralleling
that in manufacturing
after the war
involved a shift from hand labor to machine
farming
，
and
from
subsistence
to
commercial
agriculture.
Between
1686
and
1910
，
the
number
of
farms
in
the
United
States
trebled
，
increasing
from
2
million
to
6
million
while
the
area farmed more than doubled from 160 million to
352 million hectares.
尽管工业的收益很大，
农业仍是国民的基础产业。
农业革命——和战后的制造业革命齐
驾齐驱，使手工业劳作变为机械耕种，使维持生计
的农业变为商业化的农业。从
1860
年至
1910
年间，
美国农场的数量翻了三番，
从
2000000
个增至
60
00000
个，
耕种的面积也从
1.6
公顷增至
3.52
公顷，增长了一倍多
。
9.
In 1840
，
Cyrus McCormick
performed a miracle by cutting from two to
two-and-a-half hectares a day with the
curious machine he had been developing for
nearly 10 years.
到了
1840
年，塞路斯，麦克米克创造了一个奇迹，用他历经近十年研制的神奇机器，
一天可割麦
2
——
2.5
公顷。
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