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考研英语阅读理解真题解析第二篇智商测验

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2021-01-29 05:06
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2021年1月29日发(作者:peach怎么读)


2007 Text 2



For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called


“Ask


Marilyn.”


People


are invited


to


query


Marilyn


vos


Savant,


who


at


age


10


had


tested


at


a


mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228



the highest score ever


recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has


been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit


confusing when vo


s Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s


the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?



It’s


not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to


answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.




在过 去的几年,


《星期日报》的增刊《漫步》开设了一个名为



询问玛丽琳



的专栏。人们被


邀请去询问玛丽琳


?


沃斯


?


萨文特,玛丽琳


?


沃斯


?


萨文特在


10


岁时测试的智 力水平达到别人


23


岁时的水平,


这使 得她的智商高达


228――


是有记录的最高水平。


智商测试要求你完成口


头和视觉分析,


要求你在纸张 被折叠、剪切后想象它的形状,


要求你推论数字的顺序,


还有< /p>


其他类似的项目。所以,当沃斯


?


萨文特 面对普通人(智商为


100


)提出的像



热爱与喜爱之


间的区别是什么?


”< /p>


或者



运气与巧合的特征是什么?



这样的问题时,她感到有点困惑。设


想物体 、


判断数字模式的能力如何使一个人能够回答难倒了一些最杰出的诗人和哲学家的问


题,这可并不那么显而易见。




mental



adj.


精神的


,


智力的




verbal



adj.


口头的


【记】


verb


(言语)


,+


al


(形容词后缀)=口头的;


nonve rbal


:不用语言的




analogy



n.


类似


,


类推



【习】


have an analogy to/with


具有与


...


相似之处

;by analogy


用类推法



【例】


No analogy exists between them.



两者毫无相似之处。




envision



vt.


想象


,


预想




numerical



adj.


数字的


,


用数表示的




fondness



n.


爱好


,


溺爱




coincidence n.


一致


,


相合


,


同时发生或同时存在


(


尤指偶然


)


的事




【巧】


co< /p>



together


< br>+ incidence



incident

< p>
)=


coincidence


:两个小的事情同时 发生,



巧合




【例】


What a coincidence.


多巧啊。




elude



v.


躲避




1



It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits



1


/


61


one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.




【译文】



有些问题连一些最杰出的诗 人和哲学家都难以回答,但是想象物体和计算数字模


式的能力却能使人找出答案,其中原 因并不为人所知。




【析句】



这是一个简单句,


It


只是形式主语,真正的主语是


how


引导的主语从句。而在主


语从句中,主语是


t he capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns


,谓语是


suits< /p>


,宾语是


one



to answer questions


是宾语补足语,而


questions


后又跟了一个定语从句。




【讲词】



visualize


意为



想象





imagine< /p>


的同义词。


例如:


He had a hard time to visualize the


scene as it was described.


(他难以设想所描绘的场景。




elude


表示


躲避




也 可表示



理解不了,


想不起来

< p>



根据句中的意思,


可以 译为



回答不了




例如:


The answer to this question eluded me for a long time, perhaps because it was so simple.


(这


个 问题的答案我想了许久,也许是因为问题太简单了。





Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart?


How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology,


genetics, computer science and other fields?




毫无疑问,


智力包含的不仅仅是一次测试所得的分数。


而聪明意味着什么?可以明 确显示智


力有多少?我们能够从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学以及其他领域了解的智力又 有多少?




encompass



v.


包围


,


环绕


,


包含或包括某事物




The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests


are


not


given


as


often


as


they


used


to


be.


The


test


comes


primarily


in


two


forms:


the


Stanford-Binet


Intelligence


Scale


and


the


Wechsler


Intelligence


Scales


(both


come


in


adult


and


children’s


version).


Generally


costing


several


hundred


dollars,


they


are


usually


given


only


by


psychologists,


although


variations


of


them


populate


bookstores


and


the


World


Wide


Web.



Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a


statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by


the


chronological


age


and


multiplying


by


100.


Other


standardized


tests,


such


as


the


Scholastic


Assessment


Test


(SAT)


and


the


Graduate


Record


Exam


(GRE),


capture


the


main


aspects


of


IQ


tests.



人类有关智力的定义性术语似乎仍然是智商分数,


即使人们并不像以前那样经常进行 智商测


试。


智商测试主要表现为两种形式:

斯坦福



比奈特智力衡量表和威斯勒智力衡量表

< p>
(两种


都包含成人和儿童测试类型)


。由于这些测 试一般要花费几百美元,因此通常只有心理学家


才进行这些测试,尽管这些测试的变种存 在于书店和环球网上。像沃斯


?


萨文特得到这样的


超高分数也再不可能,


因为现在的分数依据的是相同年龄者的统计学群体分布 状况,


而不是


简单地通过实足年龄乘以


100


来划分智能年龄。


其他标准测试,


比如学术能力检测以及研究


生入学考试,包含了智商测试的主要方面。




statistica



adj.


统计的


,

< br>统计学的


n.


统计量




2


/


62



peer



n.


同等的人




2



Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a


statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by


the chronological age and multiplying by 100.




【译文】



再也不可能出现


vos


Savant


测得的智力高分了,因为评分标准是根据同年龄中人


口分布统计 数据而制定,而不是简单根据时间年龄除以智力年龄,再乘以


100




【讲词】



这句话中包含一些术语,< /p>


如:


scoring


< br>得分,


即智力测验的得分)



s tatistical population


distribution

< p>
(人口分布统计)



age peers


(同龄人)



mental age


(智力年龄)



chronol ogical age


(时间年龄或日历年龄)





Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school


and


in


life,


argues


Robert J.


Sternberg.


In


his article


“How


Intelligent


Is


Intelligence


Testing?”,



Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure


creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.


Moreover,


IQ


test


do


not


necessarily


predict


so


well


once


populations


or


situations


change.


Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress


conditions, but under high- stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership



that is,


it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test- taking skill also


matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions t


o skip.




罗伯特


?



?


斯顿伯格认为,


这样的标准测试不可能评估在学校和生活中取得成功所需的所有


重要因素。


在其名为



智力测试如何明智?



的文章中,斯顿伯格指出,传统 的测试最恰当地


评估了分析能力和语言表达能力,


但没有测量创 造性和实际知识,


这些也是解决问题和在生


活中取得成功的关键 因素。


而且,


一旦种群或环境发生变化,


智商测试就不一定预测得那么


准确。


研究发现,


如果在低压力状况下进行智商测试,


那么这种测试就可以预测出领导才能,< /p>


但是,


在高压力状况下,


智商测试所得的 结果与领导才能的关系是否定的,


也就是说,


它预


测的结果是相反的。


任何经历过学术能力检测的人都会认为,


应试能力也很重要,


无论是知


道何时应该进行推测,还 是知道应该忽略什么问题。





elements



n.


原理


,


基础




predict



v.


预知


,


预言


,


预报



【巧】


pre


(先)+


dict


(说)=


predict

(在发生之前就说了,也就是预言)



【例】


predict rain for tomorrow


预告明天有雨





3



Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure


creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.





3


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