-fingerprint
2007 Text 2
For the
past several years, the Sunday newspaper
supplement Parade has featured a column called
“Ask
Marilyn.”
People
are invited
to
query
Marilyn
vos
Savant,
who
at
age
10
had
tested
at
a
mental level of someone
about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228
–
the highest score ever
recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete
verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper
after it has
been folded and cut, and
to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar
tasks. So it is a bit
confusing when
vo
s Savant fields such queries from the
average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s
the difference between love and
fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and
coincidence?
①
It’s
not obvious how the capacity to
visualize objects and to figure out numerical
patterns suits one to
answer questions
that have eluded some of the best poets and
philosophers.
在过
去的几年,
《星期日报》的增刊《漫步》开设了一个名为
“
p>
询问玛丽琳
”
的专栏。人们被
邀请去询问玛丽琳
?
沃斯
?
萨文特,玛丽琳
?
沃斯
?
萨文特在
10
岁时测试的智
力水平达到别人
23
岁时的水平,
这使
得她的智商高达
228――
是有记录的最高水平。
智商测试要求你完成口
头和视觉分析,
要求你在纸张
被折叠、剪切后想象它的形状,
要求你推论数字的顺序,
还有<
/p>
其他类似的项目。所以,当沃斯
?
萨文特
面对普通人(智商为
100
)提出的像
“
热爱与喜爱之
间的区别是什么?
”<
/p>
或者
“
运气与巧合的特征是什么?
”
这样的问题时,她感到有点困惑。设
想物体
、
判断数字模式的能力如何使一个人能够回答难倒了一些最杰出的诗人和哲学家的问
p>
题,这可并不那么显而易见。
mental
adj.
精神的
,
智力的
verbal
adj.
口头的
【记】
verb
(言语)
,+
p>
al
(形容词后缀)=口头的;
nonve
rbal
:不用语言的
analogy
n.
类似
,
类推
【习】
have an analogy to/with
p>
具有与
...
相似之处
;by analogy
用类推法
【例】
No analogy exists between
them.
两者毫无相似之处。
envision
vt.
想象
,
预想
numerical
adj.
数字的
,
用数表示的
fondness
n.
爱好
,
溺爱
coincidence n.
一致
,
相合
,
同时发生或同时存在
(
尤指偶然
)
的事
p>
【巧】
co<
/p>
(
together
)
< br>+ incidence
(
incident
)=
coincidence
:两个小的事情同时
发生,
“
巧合
”
【例】
What a
coincidence.
多巧啊。
elude
v.
躲避
1
、
It's not
obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and
to figure out numerical patterns suits
1
/
61
one to answer questions that have
eluded some of the best poets and
philosophers.
【译文】
有些问题连一些最杰出的诗
人和哲学家都难以回答,但是想象物体和计算数字模
式的能力却能使人找出答案,其中原
因并不为人所知。
【析句】
这是一个简单句,
It
只是形式主语,真正的主语是
how
引导的主语从句。而在主
语从句中,主语是
t
he capacity to visualize objects and to figure out
numerical patterns
,谓语是
suits<
/p>
,宾语是
one
,
to answer questions
是宾语补足语,而
questions
后又跟了一个定语从句。
【讲词】
visualize
意为
想象
,
是
imagine<
/p>
的同义词。
例如:
He had a
hard time to visualize the
scene as it
was described.
(他难以设想所描绘的场景。
)
elude
表示
躲避
,
也
可表示
理解不了,
想不起来
。
根据句中的意思,
可以
译为
回答不了
。
例如:
The answer to this
question eluded me for a long time, perhaps
because it was so simple.
(这
个
问题的答案我想了许久,也许是因为问题太简单了。
)
Clearly, intelligence
encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what
does it mean to be smart?
How much of
intelligence can be specified, and how much can we
learn about it from neurology,
genetics, computer science and other
fields?
毫无疑问,
智力包含的不仅仅是一次测试所得的分数。
而聪明意味着什么?可以明
确显示智
力有多少?我们能够从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学以及其他领域了解的智力又
有多少?
encompass
v.
包围
,
环绕
,
包含或包括某事物
The defining term of intelligence in
humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though
IQ tests
are
not
given
as
often
as
they
used
to
be.
The
test
comes
primarily
in
two
forms:
the
Stanford-Binet
Intelligence
Scale
and
the
Wechsler
Intelligence
Scales
(both
come
in
adult
and
children’s
version).
Generally
costing
several
hundred
dollars,
they
are
usually
given
only
by
psychologists,
although
variations
of
them
populate
bookstores
and
the
World
Wide
Web.
②
Superhigh
scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible,
because scoring is now based on a
statistical population distribution
among age peers, rather than simply dividing the
mental age by
the
chronological
age
and
multiplying
by
100.
Other
standardized
tests,
such
as
the
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
(SAT)
and
the
Graduate
Record
Exam
(GRE),
capture
the
main
aspects
of
IQ
tests.
人类有关智力的定义性术语似乎仍然是智商分数,
即使人们并不像以前那样经常进行
智商测
试。
智商测试主要表现为两种形式:
斯坦福
—
比奈特智力衡量表和威斯勒智力衡量表
(两种
都包含成人和儿童测试类型)
。由于这些测
试一般要花费几百美元,因此通常只有心理学家
才进行这些测试,尽管这些测试的变种存
在于书店和环球网上。像沃斯
?
萨文特得到这样的
超高分数也再不可能,
因为现在的分数依据的是相同年龄者的统计学群体分布
状况,
而不是
简单地通过实足年龄乘以
100
来划分智能年龄。
其他标准测试,
比如学术能力检测以及研究
生入学考试,包含了智商测试的主要方面。
statistica
adj.
统计的
,
< br>统计学的
n.
统计量
2
/
62
peer
n.
同等的人
2
、
Superhigh
scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible,
because scoring is now based on a
statistical population distribution
among age peers, rather than simply dividing the
mental age by
the chronological age and
multiplying by 100.
【译文】
再也不可能出现
vos
Savant
测得的智力高分了,因为评分标准是根据同年龄中人
口分布统计
数据而制定,而不是简单根据时间年龄除以智力年龄,再乘以
100
。
【讲词】
这句话中包含一些术语,<
/p>
如:
scoring
(
< br>得分,
即智力测验的得分)
,
s
tatistical population
distribution
(人口分布统计)
,
age
peers
(同龄人)
,
mental
age
(智力年龄)
,
chronol
ogical
age
(时间年龄或日历年龄)
。
Such standardized tests may
not assess all the important elements necessary to
succeed in school
and
in
life,
argues
Robert J.
Sternberg.
In
his article
“How
Intelligent
Is
Intelligence
Testing?”,
③
Sternberg notes that
traditional test best assess analytical and verbal
skills but fail to measure
creativity
and practical knowledge, components also critical
to problem solving and life success.
Moreover,
IQ
test
do
not
necessarily
predict
so
well
once
populations
or
situations
change.
Research has found that IQ predicted
leadership skills when the tests were given under
low-stress
conditions, but under high-
stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated
with leadership
–
that is,
it predicted the opposite. Anyone who
has toiled through SAT will testify that test-
taking skill also
matters, whether it’s
knowing when to guess or what questions
t
o skip.
罗伯特
?
杰
?
斯顿伯格认为,
这样的标准测试不可能评估在学校和生活中取得成功所需的所有
重要因素。
在其名为
“
智力测试如何明智?
”
的文章中,斯顿伯格指出,传统
的测试最恰当地
评估了分析能力和语言表达能力,
但没有测量创
造性和实际知识,
这些也是解决问题和在生
活中取得成功的关键
因素。
而且,
一旦种群或环境发生变化,
智商测试就不一定预测得那么
准确。
研究发现,
如果在低压力状况下进行智商测试,
那么这种测试就可以预测出领导才能,<
/p>
但是,
在高压力状况下,
智商测试所得的
结果与领导才能的关系是否定的,
也就是说,
它预
测的结果是相反的。
任何经历过学术能力检测的人都会认为,
应试能力也很重要,
无论是知
道何时应该进行推测,还
是知道应该忽略什么问题。
elements
n.
原理
,
基础
predict
v.
预知
,
预言
,
预报
【巧】
pre
(先)+
dict
(说)=
predict
(在发生之前就说了,也就是预言)
【例】
predict rain for
tomorrow
预告明天有雨
3
、
Sternberg notes
that traditional tests best assess analytical and
verbal skills but fail to measure
creativity and practical knowledge,
components also critical to problem solving and
life success.
3
/
63