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最新考研英语阅读理解试题及解析

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2021-01-29 04:07
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2021年1月29日发(作者:烤炉)


考研英语阅读理解试题及解析



Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born


for


every


100


females,but this


ratio


drops


to near balance


at the


age


of


maturity, and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.


But


the


great


universal


ofmale


mortality


is


being


changed.


Now,


boy


babies


survive


almost


as


well


as


girlsdo.


This


means


that,


for


the


first


time, there will be an excess of boys inthose crucial years when they are


searching for a mate. More important, anotherchance for natural selection


has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy(particularly a boy


baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy


meant


almost


certain


death.


Today


it


makes


almost


nodifference.


Since


much


of


the


variation


is


due


to


genes,


one


more


agent


ofevolution


has


gone







There


is


another


way


to


commit


evolutionary


suicide:


stay


alive,but


have


fewer


children.


Few


people


are


as


fertile


as


in


the


past.


Except


insome


religious


communities,


very


few


women


have


15


children.


Nowadays thenumber of births, like the age of death, has become average.


Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences


between people and theopportunity for natural selection to take advantage


of it have shows what is happening. The country offers


wealth


for


a


few


in


the


greatcities


and


poverty


for


the


remaining


tribal


peoples.


The


grand


mediocrity


oftoday―everyone


being


the


same


in


survival


and


number


of


offspring


meansthat


natural


selection


has


lost


80% of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes







For


us,


this


means


that


evolution


is


over;


the


biological


Utopiahas


arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No otherspecies


fills


so


many


places


in


nature.


But


in


the


past


100,000


years



even


thepast 100 years



our lives have been transformed but our bodies have


not. We did notevolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin


had


a


phrase


todescribe


those


ignorant


of


evolution:


“they


look


at


anorganic


being


as


average


looks


at


a


ship,


as


at


something


wholly


beyond hiscomprehension



” No doubt we will remember a 20th century


way of life beyondcomprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed


our descendants may be athow far from Utopia we were, they will look


just like us







1.


What


used


to


be


the


danger


in


being


a


man


according


to


thefirst


paragraph?





[A]A lack of mates







[B]A fierce competition







[C]A lower survival rate







[D]A defective gene







2. What does the example of India illustrate?





[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people







[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor







[C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of thetribes







[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate







3.


The


author


argues


that


our


bodies


have


stopped


evolving


because____







[A]life has been improved by technological advance





[B]the number of female babies has been declining





[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution





[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing





4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?





[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution





[B]Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution






[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature






[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere





名师解析






1.


What


used


to


be


the


danger


in


being


a


man


according


to


the


firstparagraph?





根据第一段,做男人以前有什么危险


?





[A]A lack of mates.


缺少配偶。






[B]A fierce competition.


激烈竞争。






[C]A lower survival rate.


低存活率。






[D]A defective gene.


有缺陷的基因。






【答案】



C





【考点】



事实细节题。






【分析】



文中第一段提到



做男人从来都充满危 险,新生儿男女


比例大约是


105:100

,但到了成年,这一比例基本持平,


而在


70


岁的


老人中女性是男性的两倍,但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改


变,现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高



这 说明男人的存活率相对


是比较低的。






2. What does the example of India illustrate?





印度的例子证明了什么


?





[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people







富人往往孩子比穷人少。






[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor







自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用。






[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of thetribes







中产阶 级的人口比部落人口少


80%







[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate







印度是出生率很高的国家之一。






【答案】



B





【考点】



推断题。






【分析】



使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例,


我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。 本文中提到,



进化意义上的自杀


还有 一种方法:存活,但少生孩子



。首先



现在几乎没有人像过去那


样多育。除了在一些宗教社区,几乎 没有几名妇女会生


15


个孩子


-水族馆


-水族馆


-水族馆


-水族馆


-水族馆


-水族馆


-水族馆


-水族馆



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