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1.
明
喻
SIMILE
1
．定义
英语的
明喻是英语中最常用、
最简便的修辞格之一，
在文学作品中尤其
如此。
它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词
(
如
like
，
< br>as
等
)
起
连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物
Rhetoric In Practice
(
《英文实用修辞学》
)
一书这样来解释明喻：
“A simile is an expressed simplest and
most direct way of connoting
an idea
with something else is by means of using
similes
．
Simile is the neuter
singular
of the Latin adjective
?similis,? meaning like.”
Si
mile(
明喻
)
运用广泛，可借以状
物、写景、抒情、喻理，使表达生动形象，
明白易懂，新鲜有趣。
关
于英语
Simile
，有两点须加以说明：
一、
Simile(
明喻
)
通常由三部分构成，即本体
(tenor
或
subject)
、
喻
体
(ve
hicle
或
reference)
和
比
喻
词
(co
mparative
word
或
indicator
of
resemblance)
。可
图示如下：
Marriage
is
like
a
beleaguered
fortress:
those
who
are
without
want to get in,
↓
↓
↓
(tenor)
(comparative word)
(vehicle)
and those within want to get out.
( P. M.
Quitard)
二、本体与喻体一般为两个不同事物
(
如属
同类也应具不同性质或特征
)
，比
喻方
可成立。例如：
①
Peter is as tall as his father.
②
Peter is as tall as a
Maypole.
稍加分析可以看出，例①
不算明喻，
只是一个比较句，因为
Peter
及其
father
同属人类；而例②
才是比喻句，因为
Peter
与
Maypole
分属人与物。
2.
引导明喻的比喻词
(comparative words)
( 1 )
介词
as
，
like
，
of
等。
As
Beauty is as
summer fruits, which are easy to
corrupt and cannot last…( Bacon: Of
Studies )
美者犹如夏日蔬果，易腐难存
…
Overhead
the
hollow
stretch
of
whitish
cloud
shutting
out
the
sky
was
as
a
tent
which had
the who1e earth as its
floor
。
( Thomas Hardy )
头顶上
方，
夺据了天际上无尽空荡的白云，
宛如高悬的帐篷一般，
把整个荒
原做了它的地面。
Out of the
sleeves came strong bony wrists and hands gnarled
knotted and hard as
peach branches.
( John
Steinbeck )
从袖子里伸出一双瘦骨嶙峋的大手，像桃树枝一样，瘤节盘错
，坚硬粗壮。
I wandered lonely as a cloud.
( W. Wordsworth: The
Daffodils )
我像一朵浮云独自漫游。
They are as like as two peas.
他们两个长得一模一样。
His young
daughter looks as red as a rose.
他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。
I passed and
repassed the house, and stopped and listened at
the door; all was dark
and silent as
the grave.
(
B
．
Shaw)
我在那房子前面走了几趟，并在门口停下来听了听；一片漆黑
，沉寂得像座
坟墓。
Love goes
towards love, as schoolboys from their books;
but
love from love, towards school with heavy
looks
．
( William
Shakespeare)
赴情人的约会，像学童抛开书一样；
和情人分别，像学童板着脸上学堂。
英语里
有不少含有明喻的成语，其结构为
as+
形容词
+as+
名词。例如：
as
firm as a rock
坚如磐石
as light as a
feather
轻如鸿毛
as
close as an oyster
守口如瓶
as
mute as a fish
噤若寒蝉
as strong as
horse
强壮如牛
as cool as a cucumber
泰然自若
as sober as a
judge
十分清醒
as sure as a gun
千真万确
Like
Paris is a morgue
without you; before I knew you, it was Paris, and
I thought it
heavens; but now it is a
vast desert of desolation and loneliness. It is
like the face of a
clock, bereft of its
hands.
( Sarah Bernhardt to
Victorian Sardou )
没有你，巴黎成了
一座陈尸所；我认识你之前，巴黎就是巴黎。我把它看成
天堂；
然而现在它变成了一片荒凉而寂寞的沙漠。
它像一个没有时针、
分针和秒
针的钟面。
All
that I had to show, as a man of letters, were
these few tales and essays, which
had
blossomed
out
like
flowers
in
the
calm
summer
of
my
heart
and
mind.
(
Hawthoren: The Old Manse )
作为一个作家，
< br>我所能贡献出来的只有这么几篇故事和散文，
它们像我心头
温和的夏天灿烂开放的花朵。
He works 1ike a horse
／
beaver
／
Trojan
／
black.
他辛辛苦苦地干活。
They spent money like
water.
他们挥金如土。
He talks
like a book.
他老是文绉绉地说话。
He eats like a horse.
他吃得很多。
He smokes 1ike a chimney.
他抽烟很厉害。
Living without
an aim is like sailing without a compass.
( John Ruskin )
生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针。
He was
like
a cock who thought
the sun
had
risen from
him to
crow.
( George
Eliot )
他这人就像一只骄傲的公鸡，以为太阳升起是为了它的啼叫。
Records fell
like ripe apples on a windy day.
( E. B. White )
被打破的记录有如刮风天成熟的苹果纷纷坠落。
The staff
member folded like an accordian.
这个工作人员就像合拢起来的手风琴似地
—
不吭声了。
My heart is like a singing
bird
Whose nest is on a watered shoot;
My
heart is like an apple-tree
Whose boughs
are bent with thick-set fruit;
My heart is
like a rainbow shell
That paddles in a halcyon
sea;
My heart is gladder than all these
Because my love is come to me.
( Rossetti )
我的心像只善歌的小鸟，
小巢建在轻拂水面的嫩枝上；
我的心像棵苹果树，
沉甸的果实把树梢压弯；
我的心像天边彩虹，
它轻拂着平静的海面；
我的心比这些更喜悦，
由于我爱人将来我身边。
Of
：
He has a heart
of
stone.
他有一副铁石心肠。
He has the heart
of
a 1ion, but he does
everything in a down-to-earth way.
他有狮子般的勇气，他办事十分认真。
He is sometimes
bad-
tempered but really he?s got a
heart
of gold.
有时候他似乎脾气不好，但他的心眼可好了。
( 2 )
连词
as
(
犹如
)
，
what
(
犹如
)
，
as if,
as though, than,
and, the way
等。
His
heart shivered as a ship shivers at the
mountainous crash of the waters.
他的心颤动，好像一艘船在海浪搏击中震荡一样。
Air
is to man as
water is to
fish.
人离不开空气，犹如鱼离不开水。
Men
fear
death,
as
children
fear
to
go
in
the
dark:
and
as
that
natural
fear
in
children is increased
with tales, so is the other.
( Francis Bacon )
犹如儿童恐惧黑暗，
人对于死亡的恐惧，
也
由于听信太多的鬼怪传说而增大。
Reading is to the mind what
exercise is to the body.
（
Sir Richard Steel
）
读书对于思想，好比运动对于身体一样重要。
Parks are to the city what lungs are to
the body.
公园对于都市正如肺对于人的身体一样重要。
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