英语语言学 易混淆概念辨析

Phonological structure

音系结构

Which

sound units are used and

how

they are put together

Phonological analysis

音系学分析

Take a word,

replace

one sound by another, and see whether a

different meaning

results.

(

minimal pairs

Phonemic contrast

The

relation

between

2

phonemes

when

they

occur

in

the

same

environment

and

distinguish

meaning

Phonological rule

音系规则

a

formal way

of expressing a systematic phonologicalprocess or

sound change

in language.

Assimilation

Dissimilation

异化

A

process

where 2

identical or similar

phonemes

changes

or

displaces

the other one

Suprasegmental

/

Phonological features

(syllable

stress

tone

intonation

Those

aspects of speech

that involve

more than single sound segments

Syllable structure

音节结构

(divided into

rhyme

and

onset

Componential analysis

A

way

in

which

the

meaning

of

a

word

can

be

dissected

into

meaning

components

,

called

semantic features

.

Grammatical construction

语法结构

The process of

internal organization

of a

grammatical unit

(

IC analysis

Syntactic construction

句法结构

(

endo/exo-centric

construction

Syntactic function

句法功能

Shows

the

relationship

between

a

linguistic

form

and

other

parts

of

the

linguistic

pattern

in

which it is used

Grammatical rule

By which the grammaticality of a sentence is governed

Grammatical relations

The

structural

and

logical functional relations

of constituents

Syntactic relations

positional/substitutability/co- occurrence