-onboard
(
仅供参考
)
第一课
English is a
killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric,
Cornish, Norn
and
Manx.
There
are
still
parts
of
these
islands
where
sizeable
communities
speak
languages
that
were
there
before
English.
Yet
English
is
everywhere
in
everyday use and understood by all or
virtually(actually) all, constituting such a
threat to the three remaining Celtic
languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh...
that their long-term future must be
considered... very greatly at risk.
1.
因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语
等语言的
消亡
。
这些岛上的
分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就
已存在的语言。然
< br>
而，
英语在日常生活中无处
不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人
都懂英语。
英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语
——
爱尔兰语、
苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语
的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为
它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的
。
s
also
associated
such
policies with
a prejudice
which he calls linguicism [a
condition
parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and
sexism]. As Phillipson sees it,
leading
institutions
and
individuals
within
the
predominantly
English-speaking
world,
have
[by
design(=deliberately)
or
default(=mistake)]
encouraged
or
at
least
tolerated
—
and
certainly
have
not
opposed
—
the
hegemonic spread of English, a spread
which began some (about) three centuries
ago as (when) economic and colonial
expansion.
2
.
同时，他
认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（
与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似
）
的
偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，
在
以
白人
英语为主导
的
世
界里，主
要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（
肯定没
有反对）英
语霸权主义式的传
播，这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。
and
large,
we now
view
them
as
more
or
less
benign,
and
often
talk
with
admiration and appreciation about the
cultures associated with them and what
they have given to the world. And it is
fairly (very) safe to do this, because none
of them now poses much of a threat
3
.
总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言
看作有利的语言。
在谈到与之相关
的文化及
其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，
而且这
样做是很安全的，
因为
这些语言现
在已不会构成什么大的威胁。
many people see (consider/ regard)
English as a blessing. Let me leave aside
here
the
obvious
advantages
possessed
by
any
world
language,
such
as
a
large
communicative network, a strong
literary and media complex (network), and a
powerful cultural and educational
apparatus (organization).
4.
然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈世
界语言所具有的明
显优势，
例如
庞大的
交流网络、
发达的文字与传媒体系以及强大的文化教育设施。
-speaking South
African s of British descent were not particularly
strong
1
in
opposing the apartheid regime, and the black
opposition, whose members had
many
languages, was at first weak and disorganized.
5
.
讲英语的南非英国后裔
< br>并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员
讲多种语言，在初期
软弱无力且缺乏组织
。
symbolism
suggests
(shows)
that
the
users
of
the
world's
lingua
franca
should seek to benefit as fully as
possible from the blessing and as far as possible
avoid invoking the curse.
6.
这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者
应充分发掘这一幸事
为我们带来的好
处
,
同时尽能避免招来灾难
。
第二课
1.
The turn of
events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I
had been rejected,
but I was still in
love of the most creative periods of my life.
1.
苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫没有改变这一点，
一点儿也没有。
我被炒了鱿鱼，
但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事
情。
2.
The
heaviness
of
being
successful
was
replaced
by
the
lightness
of
being
a
beginner
again, less sure about everything. It freed me to
enter one of the most
creative periods
of my life.
2.
因为，作为一个成功者的负重
感被作为一个创业者的轻松感所重新代替，一
切都还不确定。这让我觉得如此自由，进入
了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。
3.
It
was
awful
tasting
medicine,
but
I
guess
the
patient
needed
it.
Sometimes life hits you in the head
with a brick. Don’t lose faith.
3.
良药苦口
，但是我想病人需要它。有时，生活会像
一块砖头击中你的脑袋，但
不要失去信心。
4.
Remembering that you are going to die
is the best way
I
know to
avoid
the
trap of
thinking
you have something to lose. You are already naked.
There
is no reason not to follow your
heart.
4.
我知道，
“
记住你即将死去”是
避免掉进患得患失陷阱
的最佳办法。你已经什
么都没有了
,<
/p>
你根本没有任何理由不去听从自己的心声。
5.
Your
time
is
limited,
so
don’t
waste
it
living
someone
else’s
life
.
Don’t
be
trapped by dogma
—
which is
living
with the results of other people’s
thinking.
Don’t let the
noise of others’ opinions
drown out
your own inner voice.
5.
你们的时
间很有限，所以不要将它
浪费在重复其他人的生活上
。
不要被教条所
束缚
，
也
就是说不要按照别人的想法来生活。
不要让他人喧嚣的观点淹没了你的
< br>心声。
第六课
1.
Mihaly
Csikszentmihalyi,
who
coined
the
term
flow,
which
adherents
of
positive psychology
would use to describe
the
job-induced highs, says that
2
distinction is a false
one.
present,
seemingly
boring job can be a source of greater fulfillment
than one ever thought
possible.
1.
米哈里·奇凯因特米哈里认为这种区分是错误的。他发明了“强感受”
(flow)
这个说法
,
信奉正面心理学的人
常用此词来描述
由工作而引发
的兴奋状态
。在
《称心如意的工作》一书中他写道
:
“只要存在强感受因素
,
任何事情都能给我
们带来愉悦。根据这一观点
,
从事一份表面看上去枯燥的工作却会给人们带来想
象不到的更大的成就感
。
”
2.
But neither the late 1990s boom nor the subsequent
bust had much impact in
either
direction, indicating that the state of worker
happiness goes much deeper
than the
swings of the economy.
2
.
但是
20
世纪
90<
/p>
年代后期的经济繁荣和随之而
来的经济萧条都没有对员工的两种工
作态度产生多大影啊
,
这表明工人在工作
中是否能获得快乐感有比
经济形势
更深层的原因。
3. Martina Radix,
41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive
assistant at a
company
where
she
liked
her
colleagues
for
a
less
taxing
position
as
a
clerical
worker in a law
firm six
years
ago. She has
more time and flexibility but feels
stifled by her co-workers and
unappreciated by her boss.
department,
a bad atmosphere
at work, it takes away from it.
3. 41
岁的马丁娜·
蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的经理助理
,
虽然工作压力大
,
但她和
同事相处都很好
;6
年前她换了工作
,
到一家律师事务所成了一名职位
相对清闲
的办事员
。
如今她时间多了
,
自由度也大了
,
但她感觉和这里的同事共事太压抑
,
也得不到老板的赏识。她说
:
“我不适应这个部门。不管你个人生活多惬意
,
如
果工作单位氛围不好
,
个人生活就会大受影响。
”
4.
In
fact,
engagement
at
work
is
less
a
function
of
your
personality
than
is
happiness
in
general.
Harter
estimates
that
individual
disposition
accounts
for
only
about 30% of the difference between employees who
are highly engaged and
those who are
not. The rest of it is shaped by the hundreds of
interactions that
employees have every
day with co-workers, supervisors and customers.
4
.
事实上
,
对工作的投入与其说是人的个性使然
,
不如说是源于人们在工作中总体上感到
的快乐。
哈特认为
,
对工作高度投入与并不投入的员工之间之所以存在差异
,
员
工的个性只起
30%
的作用
,
其他的取决于员工每天与同事、
主管以及客户的频繁
交往。
5. Until recently, businesspeople would
dismiss employee well-being as
their
domain
and
kind
of
fringe-
ish
”
,
says
Thomas
Wright,
a
professor
of
organizational behavior at the
University of Nevada, Reno.
5
内华达大学里诺分
校的组织行为学教授托马斯·赖特说
,
直到不久前
,
企业家们还不愿考虑员
工是
否工作心情舒畅的问题
,
认为这“不属于他们关心的范围
,
和他们的职责范围相
去甚远”
6.
But
later
studies
that
looked
at
job-satisfaction
ratings
were
inconsistent.
Broader measures of happiness, it turns
out, are better predictors of productivity.
6.
但后来对工作满意度的许多研究结果却前后矛盾。
现在看来
,
用更广泛的衡量
标准来评估快乐感受
,
能更有效地预测生产率。
3
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