stable-硫化
第
2
讲
句法类
句
法类错误主要考查三大从句和特定句式，相对来说难度较大，我们建议在解题流程的第
2
、
3
步去解决，
另外考生在平时练题中应多加分析句子、
多积累固定句式，
熟
悉三大从句的用法及特
点。
1
固定句式或特定句型考点
1
．
(2017
·全国卷Ⅰ
)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction
was left.
答案
去掉
much
2
< br>．
(2017
·全国卷Ⅲ
)I
have grown not only physically, and also mentally
in the
past few years.
答案
and
→
but
对于
固定或特定句式，
最有效的途径就是多积累多记忆。
例如，
强调句式
“
it
be
...
that
...
”
，
“祈使句＋<
/p>
and/or
＋陈述句”句式，并列句式“
not only ...
but also
...
，
neither ... nor
...
，
either ... or ...
”等，这些都是高考的常考点，考生
必须熟记于心。
2
主谓一致
考点
1
．
(2018
·
全国卷Ⅲ
)The
classroom
is
a
place
for
learning
and
that
include
learning
from textbooks, and mistakes as well.
答案
include
→
includes
2
．
(2016
·浙江高考
)He would ask who we was and
pretend not to know us.
答案
was
→
were
3
．
Tom, as well as
his children, are to visit Beijing this summer.
答案
are
→
is
4
．
I, who is your
teacher, will do my best to help you.
答案
is
→
am
．判断主谓语是关键
1
．
(1)
可
数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
(2)
动词－
ing
形式、不定式或名词性从
句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
注意：名词性从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词应用复数。
<
/p>
(3)
就近原则常见的有：
either
... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but
also ..., there
be
等。
(4)
就远原则常见的有：
with,
along with, together with, as well as, but,
except,
besides, including, in
addition to, rather than
等。
(5)
在倒装句中要找出句子的主语从而判断谓语动词的单复数
。
(6)
定语从句中的谓语动词要
与定语从句所修饰的先行词保持一致。
2
．附加成分是难点
对于分隔现象，可利用“减—减”原则：先从整体上把握主干，再去掉句子中的插入语、附加成
分等分隔干扰部分，使结构简化。
3
从句中关联词的误用
考点
1
．
(2019
·
全国卷Ⅰ
)One
afternoon
where
I
was
in
primary
school,
I was walking
by the school playground.
答案
where
→
when
2
．
(2019
·全国卷
Ⅲ
)In the cafe, customers will enjoy
themselves in the historical
environment what is created for them.
答案
what
→
that/which
3
．
(2018
·全国卷Ⅱ
)The games my parents taught me
where I was a child turned out
to be
very useful later in my life.
答案
where
→
when
4
．
(2017
·全国卷
Ⅱ
)In their spare time, they are
interested in planting
vegetables in
their garden, that is on the rooftop of their
house.
答案
that
→
which
5
．
(2016
·全国卷
Ⅰ
)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant
close to that I live.
答案
that
→
where
6
．
(2015
·全国卷
Ⅱ
)After looking at the toy for some
time, he turned around and
found where
his parents were missing.
答案
去掉
w
here
或
where
→
that
(1)<
/p>
对于定语从句要熟知：
①只能用
whic
h
的情况
(
非限制性定语从句和介词后
)
；
②关系代词和
关系副词如何区分
(
看先行词在定语从句中所作成分，作状
语时用关系副词，其他成分用关系代
词
)
。
that
另外名词性从句中要
知道对于状语从句或名词性从句可从语意或成分上去判断，
(2)
．
和
what
的区别
(that
只起连接作用，不作成分；
what
既起连接作用
又作成分，含义上等于“名
词＋
that
”
)
。
4
句子结构的对等性、逻辑性等
<
/p>
考点
(2017
·全国卷Ⅰ
)The instructor kept repeating the
words,
“
Speed
up
！
”
“
Slow
down
！
”
“
Turning
left
！
”
答案
Turning
→
Turn
所在。
引号中的直接引语为三个祈使句，是平行关系，注意到结构上
的对等性，就可以成功找出错误
过关检测
(
限时：
20
分钟
)
(2019
·新余二模
)I have
a lovely white dog called Qiu Qiu. She is a nice <
/p>
“
girl
”
，
but sometime she makes me
angry. One day, my grandmother was sewed a pair of
trousers
with a needle in the living
room. Before a while, my grandmother went to the
kitchen,
left the trousers with the
needle on the table. The needle had fell on the
floor.
Qiu Qiu saw the needle and
begin to chew it. When my grandmother got back,
she was
frightening. Immediately she
asked me to have a look. I held Qiu Qiu and
managed to
get the needle out her
mouth. When all this was over, I held her tightly
in my arm
and said,
“
Poor little girl! You might
have died
！
”
However, the little dog just
stared at
me innocent.
答案：
I
have
a
lovely
white
dog
called
Qiu
Qiu.
She
is
a
nice
“
girl
”
，
but
sometime
①
sometimes
she makes me angry. One
day, my grandmother was sewed a pair of trousers
with a
needle
②
sewing
in
the living room. Before a while, my grandmother
went to the kitchen,
∧
/left
the
leaving
③
After
④
and
trousers with the needle on
the table. The needle had
＼
fell on the floor. Qiu
Qiu saw
⑤
the needle and begin to
chew it. When my grandmother got back, she was
frightening.
⑦
fr
ightened
⑥
began
Immediately she asked me to
have a look. I held Qiu Qiu and managed to get the
needle
out
∧
her
mouth.
When
all
this
was
over,
I
held
her
tightly
in
my
arm
and
said,
“
Poor
⑧
of
⑨
arms
< br>
little
girl!
You
might
have
died
！
”
However,
the
little
dog
just
stared
at
me
innocent.
⑩
innocently
(2019
·兰州高考诊断考试
)Now
I'd like to share with you a strange experience I
had a month before. It may sound funny,
and it's true. After a day's hard work I went