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Circuit breaker
断路器
Compressed air
circuit breaker is a mechanical switch equipment,
can be i
空气压缩断路器是一种机械开关设备，
能够在
n normal and special conditions
breaking current (such as short circuit cur
正常和特殊情况下开断电流（比如说短路电流）
。
rent). For example, air circuit
breaker, oil circuit breaker, interference circ
例如空气断路器、
油断路器，
干扰电路的导体
uit
conductor for the application of the safety and
reliability of the circuit
干扰电路的导体因该安全可靠的应用于其中，
breaker, current in arc from is usually
divided into the following grades: a
电<
/p>
流
断
路
器
按
灭
弧
远
离
通
常
被
分
为
如
下
等
级
：
ir switch
circuit breaker, oil circuit breaker, less oil
circuit breaker, compr
空气开关断路器、油断路器、少油断路器、
压缩空
essed air circuit breaker, a degaussing
of isolating switch, six sulfur hexaf
气断路器、
具有消磁性质的隔离开关、
六氟
luoride circuit breaker and vacuum
breaker. Their parameters of voltage,
化硫断路器
和真空断路器。
他们的参数有电压等级、
current, insulation level of breaking
capacity, instantaneous voltage off ti
开断容量的电流、
绝缘等级
开断时间的瞬时电压恢复和
me
of recovery and a bombing. Breaker plate usually
include: 1 the maxi
轰炸时间。
断路器的铭牌通常包括：
1.
最大可承
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mum tolerable current; 2 of the maximum
current is interrupted; 3 largest
受电流；
2.
最大中断电流；
3.
最大线
line voltage; 4 interrupt the cycle
number. In the 60hHZ system, interrupt
路电压；
4.
中断周期数量。
在
60hHZ
的系统中，中断
may last from 3- to 8 cycle, in order
to quickly break up to the load curre
可
能持续
3-
至
8
个周期，为了快速中断达负荷电流，
nt, we
have to ensure continued to cool it, high-speed,
breaking can limit
我们不得不确保它的持续冷却，
高速
开断能限制
on transmission line damage, it is
equally important to help system to mai
对传输线路的损害，
这一点是同等重要的它帮助系统
ntain stable operation at any time of
the accident, the main circuit breaker
在任何事故发生时维持稳定运行，
断路器主要
by
operating mechanism, actuator and arc quenching
chamber.
由操作机构、执行机构和灭弧室组成。
When a trigger current or voltage,
spring operation mechanism of air isol
当有触发电流或者电压时，
空气隔离开关的弹簧操作机构
ation switch moves quickly to reduce
the contact loss, special shape and u
迅速动作以用来减少触点的烧损，主触点的特殊形
se the material of main contact
completely fit for the arc of contact, air is
状和使用材料完全适合电弧的接触，
空气
olation switch
further improvement is due to the arc quenching
performan
隔离开关更进一步的改进是由于灭弧性能
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ce, insulating baffle plates arc
shield, with arc the function of these specia
绝缘隔板组成的灭弧罩，
带灭弧功能的触头等这些特殊性
l
properties, it is used in low voltage and DC
circuit breaker.
质，
所以仍被应用于低电压等级和直流断路器中。
Oil circuit breaker in around 1900,
mainly to meet the new, breaking capa
多
油断路器出现于
1900
前后，主要用来满足新的开断容量的要
求，
city requirements, AC
switch is immersed in an oil cylinder, the oil in
the
交流开关被浸入一个油缸之中，
油在
arc quenching and zero set off function
is very effective in the current, arc
熄灭电弧和在电流过零时建立开断功能是十分有效，
gate, nozzle, pear, a new operation
mechanism and a variety of the new c
灭弧栅、喷油嘴、鸭梨锄头、新的操作机构和多种新的断路功能
ircuit function in recent decades to
introduce the use of oil circuit breaker
< br>在近几十年引进使用多油断路器能够适应
362kV
。<
/p>
can adapt to
362kV
.
Types and Construction of
Transformer
变压器的类型和结构
A transformer is a device that
alternating current electric energy at one vo
变压器是一个通过磁场作用将一个交流电压值变成另一个电压值的
ltage level into alternating current
electric energy at another voltage level
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设备。
through the
action of a magnetic consists of two or more
coils wir
它由
2
条或更多的金属丝缠绕在
e wrapped around a common
ferromagnetic coils are (usually)
一个核心磁铁上组成的。
这些绕线（一般）不直
not
directly connected. The only connection between
the coils is the com
接接触。
绕线之间唯一的联系是它们共有的存在于磁芯
mon magnectic flux presen within the
core.
的磁通量。
One of the transformer windings is
connected to a source of ac electric po
一组变压器绕组连接到一个交流电源上，
wer,and the second(and perhaps third)
transformer winding supplies elect
同时第二组（或许第三组）变压器绕组作为电源提供给负载。
ric power to loads. the transformer
winding connected to the power souce
连接到电源上的变压器绕组叫做一次绕组，或者输
is called the primary winding or input
the winding connecte
入绕组。
连接负载的绕组叫做二次
d to the loads is called the secondary
winding or input there is
绕组或者输出绕组。
如果电压
a third
winding on the transformer,it is called the
tertiary winding. Powe
器上有第三绕组，它叫做三次绕组。
电力变
r transformer
are constructed on one of two types of type of
con
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压器由一两种磁芯中的一种构成。
一种构造是由
struction
consists of a simple rectangular laminated piece
of steel with the
一种简单的变压器绕组缠绕在矩形两边的矩形薄钢片组成。
transformer windings wrapped around
two sides of the typ
这种构
e of
construction is know as coreform .The other type
consists of three-le
造类型被认为是核心形式。
另一种类型是由绕组缠绕在中心
gged laminated core with the windings
wrapped around the center leg .Th
引脚的
3
引脚叠片铁心构成。
is
type of construction is know as shell either
case,the core is con
这种构造类型贝壳形式。
其中任意一种类型，
磁心都
structed of thin laminations
electrically isolated form each other in order i <
/p>
是
由
排
列
整
齐
的
彼
此
之
间
电
气
隔
离
的
薄
迭
片
构
成
，
n order to reduce eddy
currents to a minimum.
The primary
and secondary windings in a physical transformer
are wrapp
一个物理变压器的一次绕组和二次绕组被缠绕成一个在内部的另一
ed one on top of the other
with the low-voltage winding a
个低压绕组的上面。
这样安
n arrangement severs two purposes:
simplifies the problem of insulati
排达到了两个目的：
1.
它简化了从磁芯到高压绕组的绝
ng the high- voltage winding from the
results in much less leaka
缘问题。
2.
与过去将两个绕组在磁心上
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ge flux than
would be the two windings were separated by a
distance on t
隔离一定距离比起来，它导致更少的漏通量。
he core.
Power
transformer are given a variety of different
names, depending on th
电力变压器被赋予了很多不同的名字，
取决于它们在
eir use in
power former connected to the output of a gener
当前系统中的作用。
一变压器连接到一个发电机的输出端，
ator and used to step its
voltage up to transformer levels is sometimes call
并且用于步调它的电压达到变压器值有时被叫做单位变压器。
ed unit transformer. The transformer ai
the other end of the transformer li
变压器一个排在另一个后面——将电压从传送值
ne,which steps the voltage down from
transmission levls to distribution le
步降到分布值，
vels,is
called a substation y,the transformer that takes
th
被叫做变电站。
最后，变压器将分布电压和步幅
e
distribution voltage and steps is down to the
final voltage ai which the p
降到最后的实际使用的电能被叫做发送变压器。
ower is actually used is called a
distribution these devices
所有这些设备本
are
essentially the same-the only difference among
them is their intended
质上都是相同的——它们之间唯一不同的是它们的特定用途。
use.
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In addition to the
various power transformer, two special-purpose
trans
除了各种电力变压器
两个专用变压器使用电
formers are used with electric
machinery and power first of t
动机械和电力系统
这些特殊
hese special
transformers is a device specially designed to
sample a high
变压器中的第一个是一个专门简化高电压产生较低的二
次电压而设
voltage and produce a low
secondary voltage directly proportional to it.S
计的装置
uch a
transformer is called a potential transformer.A
power transformer al
例如一个变压器叫做电压互感器
一个电力变压器也产
so
produces a secondary voltage directly proportional
to its primary volta
生二次电压直接与它的初级电压成正比
ge;the difference between a potential
transformer and a power transforme
之间差异的一个潜在功率变压器和一个变压器，是潜在的变压器
r is that the potential transformer is
designed to handle only a very small c
是设计来处理只有一个很电流。
second type of special transformer is a device
designed to prov
在第二种类型的变压器是一个特殊装置设计为提供一个二次侧
ide a secondary smaller than but
directly proportional to its
电流。
多小但比比例对其直接初级电流。
primary device is called a current
transformer.
这个装置叫做电流互感器
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