quiet-tomy
英语长难句解析
一、定语从句
【难句】
1. Even
China
’
s population will be
declining by the early 2030s, according
to the UN, which projects that by 2050
populations will be lower than they are today
in 50 countries. (The Economist Jun.5,
2006)
【结构分析】
本句结构清晰，
是一个复合句。
主句为
Even China
’
s
population will
be declining by the
early 2030s, according to the
UN
，其后的定语从句
which
projects that by 2050 populations will
be lower than they are today in 50 countries
修
饰先行词
UN
，关系代词
在从句中作主语，注意这里
project
作动词用，译为“指
出”，且从句里使用了比较级。
【参
考译文】联合国有关报告指出，即便是中国，到
2030
年初期
人口也将开始
递减。
这份报告同时还指出，
到
2050
年，
将有
50
个国家的人口低于今天的水平。
【难句】
2. That is
surely how history will judge modern criticism of
video games,
which are accused of
turning young people into violent criminals. (The
Economist
Jun.18, 2006)
【结构分析】
本句的主句
That is surely how
history will judge modern criticism of
video games
是主系表结构，其中表语由
how
引导的名词性从句充当，定语从句
whic
h are accused of turning young people into violent
criminals
修饰先行词
video
< br>games
，
关系代词
whic
h
指代先行词
video games
在从句中作主语，
这里使用了被
动语态
be accused of
，在翻译时我们译成主动。
【参考译文】
对于当今时代那些控诉
电视游戏使年轻人变成暴力罪犯的批评者
们，历史最终也将对他们作出同样的批判。
【难句】
3. An animal that can
remember the significance of that large, nasty-
looking
thing with the big teeth and
sharp claws will survive longer and produce more
offspring. (Time Jan. 18,
2007)
【结构分析】本句是复合句，句子的主干为
An animal
will survive longer and
produce more of
fspring
。主语
animal
后
接关系代词
that
引导的定语从句，关系代
< br>词代替
animal
在从句中作主语。在从句里，谓语动
词
remember
的宾语是
the <
/p>
significance
，它的后置定语为
that large, nasty-looking thing with the big teeth and
sharp
claws
；介词短语
with the big teeth
and sharp claws
补充说明
thing
的特点。
【参考译文】一种动物只有记住了长
相丑恶
(
具有巨大牙齿和锋利爪子
)<
/p>
且身体庞
大的重要性，才能生存长久并繁殖更多的后代。
二、名词性从句
【难句】
1. If I ever had any
doubts about how demanding a
teacher
’
s job is, it would
have disappeared for good when I spent
some time recently in schools. (The Guardian
Sep. 12, 2007)
【结构分析】
本句的结构清晰，
为主从复合句。
it
would have disappeared for good
when I
spent some time recently in schools
为主句部
分，其中包含一个
when
引导
的时间
状语从句
when I spent some time recently in
schools
。
If
引导的条件状语
从
句中，
had any doubts about
后的宾语由
how
引导的名词性从句
how demanding a
teacher
’
s job is<
/p>
充当，
how
与形容词
< br>demanding
相连作从句的表语。注意整个句
子使
用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句为
if+had done
，
主句为
would/could/should/might+have
done
的形式。
【参考译文】
如果说我以前还曾怀疑
教师的工作有多吃力，那么当我最近在学
校中待了一段时间后，我永远改变了原来的想法
。
【难句】
2. The trouble with that
approach is that consumers tend to prefer devices
that require simply plugging them in,
without complicated setups of wireless channels,
security, and other features common to
home networks. (Business Week Jan. 29,
2007)
【结构分析】
本句主干很清晰，是主
系表结构。其中表语部分由
that
引导的名
< br>词性从句
that consumers tend to prefer de
vices
?充当。
device
后是
that
引导的定语
从句
that require simply plugging them
in
?
,
关系代词
that
在从句中作主语。逗号
后的介词短语
without complicated setups of
wireless channels, security, and other
features
?作从句中的伴随状语
(
在翻译时我们可以转译为定语
)
，
句末的形容词结
构
common to home netwo
rks
后置作
features
的定语
。
【参考译文】
< br>这一方式的问题在于，消费者更喜欢不需要创立复杂的无线电频
道、安全保护以及
家庭网络所共有的其他特性，便可以简单插入的装置。
【难句】
3. Davies says guidance
must strike a balance between being flexible
enough
to take account of the
differences between disciplines and providing
enough detail to
be of use. (The
Guardian Oct. 3, 2007)
【结构分析
】
本句不难，
主句谓语
says
后是省略了
that
的宾语从句
guidance must
strike a balance
between being flexible enough to take account of
the differences
between disciplines and
providing enough detail to be of use
。
注意两个
between
的使
用。第一个
between
与后面的
and
相连，构成
being flexible
enough to
?
and
providing enough detail to
?结
构，第二个
between
后跟
dis
ciplines
表示“各学科
之间”，并且前后都使用了
be enough to do
的形式。
【参考译文】
戴维斯说，
指导规范必须
在足够灵活考虑各学科的不同点和提供充
足的可操作的细节之间寻求一种平衡。
三、非谓语动词
【难句】
1. Some
great manufacturers and great service companies
may have
become too lean in their
relentless drive to reduce costs, outsourcing not
just their
non-core activities but
essential ones too. (The Economist Jun. 15,
2006)
【结构分析】本句不难，逗号前为主句
Some great
manufacturers and great
service
companies may have become too lean in their
relentless drive to reduce costs,
使用了
too
?
to
?结构
，句末的现在分词结构
outsourcing not just their
non-core
activities but essential ones
too
作伴随状语，
进一步补充说明
r
educe costs
的具体内
容。
【参考译文】有些大的制造商和服务供应商热衷于降低成本，不仅把非核心
业务外包，而且连核心业务也不放过。
【难句】
2. Having succeeded as a
convenient vehicle for every conceivable
political and commercial slogan, the
threads themselves are becoming the newest
message, logically enough. (Time Jan.
18, 2007)
【结构分析】本句为主从复合句。主句中
的主语与从句中的主语一致，从句
中省去主谓，
造成分词作伴随
状语的形式，
我们可以还原为
since the
threads have
succeeded
as
?主句部分是
the threads
themselves are becoming the newest
message,
句末的
logically
enough
是状语，在翻译时，我们可以转译为
be
becoming the
newest
message
的补充部分。
【参考
译文】成功作为政治和商业口号的一种便捷媒介物，
(T
恤
)
衣服本身
也成了最新的信息，这种情况<
/p>
(
的发生
)
合乎
逻辑。
【难句】
3. Some of the biggest
venture capital firms are raising large funds,
targeting more established companies,
and increasingly setting their sights abroad.
(Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)
【结构分析】
本句结构清晰，
主句为
Some of
the biggest venture capital firms
are
raising large
funds,
两个现在分词结构
targeting more
established
companies
和
increasingly
setting their sights abroad
由
and
并列，作全句的伴随状语。
【参考译文】
某些大的风险投资公司
正在筹集大量的资金，他们的目标是
已经稳定的企业，并且日益将目光投向海外市场。<
/p>
四、被动语态
【难句】
1. Questions
are increasingly being asked by the councils about
how
they can be sure that misconduct is
not taking place on the grants they provide.(The
Guardian Oct. 3, 2007)
【结构分析】
本句使用了被动语态的
现在进行时结构，
主干为
Questions are
increasingly being asked
about
?，
施动者
by the
councils
构成了分隔结构。
在翻译
时，
我们可以化被动为主动，
the councils
are increasingly asking questions about
?，
介词
about
后的宾语由
how
引导的从句
how they can
be sure
?充当，这里又包含
一个特殊的结构“主语
+adj.+
从句”，
that
引导的名词性从句
misconduct is
not
quiet-tomy
quiet-tomy
quiet-tomy
quiet-tomy
quiet-tomy
quiet-tomy
quiet-tomy
quiet-tomy
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