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乡村旅游论文外文翻译

乡村旅游中英文对照外文翻译文献

(

文档含英文原文和中文翻译

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翻译

:

Assessment of Rural Tourism in Turkey Using SWOT

Analysis

Material Source: Journal of Applie Sciences

Author:

Hasan Akca

INTRODUCTION

Turkey is a country situated at cross roads of three continents: Asia,

Europe and Africa. It occupies some 780 thousand km^2 of land and is

surrounded

by

8000

km

of

coastline.

According

to

the

results

of

2000

乡村旅游论文外文翻译

population

census,

the

population

of

the

country

is

67

803

927.

Nearly

35% of the country population lives in rural areas. The number of villages

is

nearly

37

thousand

and

about

two-thirds

of

them

have

populations

below

500.

Besides,

one-thirds

of

rural

dwellers

live

in

the

villages

located within and adjacent to the forests.

The

need

to

redress

regional

imbalances

and

to

improve

income

distribution among various sections of society is engaging the attention of

policy

makers.

The

creation

of

employment,

the

improvement

of

rural

living standards and the reversal of the trend towards migration of rural

populations

to

urban

areas

are

some

of

the

main

objectives

of

Turkish

government's rural development policies (Muthoo and Onul, 1996)

At the beginning of 1990s, Turkey has decided to diversify tourism

in order to compete with western countries. The basic philosophy of new

tourism concept of Turkey can be summarized as tourism activity in four

seasons,

throughout

the

country

and

evaluating

cultural,

historical,

environmental potential of the country. In this context, Turkey is working

on two types of alternative tourism. The first type includes botanical, air

balloon,

water-related,

thermal

and

health,

physical

recreation,

religious

and cultural tourism. The second type, closely related to the first, includes

camping and caravan, bird watching (ornithology), winter sports, hunting

(sportive

fishing

and

wild

animals)

and

golf

tourism

(Pirnar,

1996;

Tavmergen and Oral, 1999).

Northern and Central Anatolian actors are

乡村旅游论文外文翻译

busy

promoting

rural

and

highland

holidays,

soft

tourism

activities

like

rafting, trekking and caving while local partners along the Southern coast

are busy developing mass tourism activities (Goymen, 2000).

Rural

tourism

is

at

the

introduction

stage

of

tourism

product

life

cycle

since

it

is

a

new

activity

in

Turkey.

Therefore,

the

number

of

research

dealing

with

rural

tourism

is

limited.

And

also

there

is

a

difficulty in gathering and disseminating data. In order to look the future

clearly

and

make

accurate

policies

drawing

the

whole

picture

of

rural

tourism in Turkey is very important.

In this context, the aim of the study is to evaluate current constraints

for

and

future

possibilities

of

rural

tourism

sector

point

of

view

of

conservation

of

natural,

historical

and

cultural

values,

sustainable

rural

development and integrating tourism, agricultural and rural development

policies of Turkey with those of the EU.

THE CONCEPT OF RURAT, TOURISM

Rural

tourism

is

a

multi- faceted

activity:

It

is

not

just

farm-based

tourism.

It

includes

farm- based

holidays

but

also

comprises

special

interest

nature

holidays

and

eco-tourism,

walking,

climbing

and

riding

holidays,

adventure,

sport

and

health

tourism,

hunting

and

angling,

educational

travel,

arts

and

heritage

tourism

and,

in

some

areas

ethnic

tourism (Bram well and Lane, 1994)

乡村旅游论文外文翻译

Lack

of

studies

on

rural

tourism

is

compounded

further

by

the

absence

of

a

commonly

accepted

definition

as

to

what

constitutes

rural

tourism.

Sometimes

rural

tourism

is

equated

with

farm

tourism

(Oppermann, 1996) .Some authors include outdoor recreation and tourism

in

National

Parks

and

wilderness

areas

into rural tourism

(Ladki, 1993;

Owens,

1984);

But

Dernoi

(1991)excludes

them.

On

the

other

hand,

Pearce (1990) discusses second homes in the context of rural tourism.

RURAL TOURISM ACTIVITIES IN TURKEY

In

recent

years

local

governors

and

NGOs

throughout

the

country

have been trying to benefit from rural tourism via supplying all historical,

natural, culture land religious values in both domestic and foreign tourism

markets. Some of the activities are summarized as follows:

Urged

municipality

has

decided

to

apply

a

project

aiming

at

introduction

of

rural

life

in

the

Cappadocia

region.

Total

budget

of

the

project

is

50

million

dollars

and

it

will

be

organized

by

Magic

Life

International. In the context of project, both domestic and foreign visitors

will

attend

village

wedding

ceremonies,

cook

traditional

rural

meals,

milking cows and sheep.

In

the

Valley

of

Kizilcukur,

located

in

the

district

of

Ortahisar,

Nevsehir province local governor is organized a tour for tourist to see the

sun. Because this area is a good place where the sun rises and sets best in

乡村旅游论文外文翻译

the world. Every year nearly 30,000 tourists visit the place paying nearly

$$1.5 per day.

Camel

wrestling

is

organized

in

many

villages

and

counties

of

Mediterranean, Marmara and Egean regions during winter season.

In the last two years, soap opera were made in rural areas of Turkey.

In addition, Turkish films named Sun Shines from the East, Taste at the

Summits and Heads or Tails were made in Cappadocia. Therefore, many

people

go

to

villages

mentioned

above

to

see

actors

and

actress.

Visit

historical places and live nostalgia.

In recent years some tourism agencies have organized tours covering

the route of Silk Road.

Some

rural

people

who

were

trained

by

professionals

joint

paralyzing activity in rural areas of Arizonian and Mugla provinces.

There are some private organizations supplying rural tourism service

in

Southwest

part

of

Turkey.

One

of

them

is

HUZUR

VADISI.

It

is

a

holiday

retreat,

which

offers

yoga,

holistic

and

walking

holidays

and

alternative

therapies

at

a

beautiful

traditional

restored

farmstead

in

a

secluded mountain valley on Fisheye coast. Tourists are accommodated

in comfortable nomadic yurts, a special highlight of the holiday. Another

professional rural tourism activity is organized by TOHUM

presents an

opportunity to visit and live in traditional villages, organic farming, folk

dancing and other activities.

乡村旅游论文外文翻译

Black Sea Region of Turkey is suitable for ecotourism and plateau

tourism. In the context of rural tourism projects, some local governors are

establishing

or

restoring

wooden

cottages

in

the

highlands

to

accommodate

tourists.

During

the

holiday

visitors

have

an

opportunity

breathing

fresh

air,

eating

traditional

meals

and

sightseeing

the

exotic

flora and fauna.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

SWOT

analysis

technique

was

used

in

order

to

explain

current

constraints

and

future

possibilities

of

rural

tourism

in

Turkey.

SWOT

stands

for

strengths,

weaknesses,

opportunities

and

threats.

A

SWOT

analysis

is

essentially

a

brainstorming

session

on

the

key

variables

that

affect a firm's/sector's performance (Hendricks, 1999; Huber et al.1999).

In the study following methods were used in order to collect data:

i)

thorough out the year 2004, all TV programs showed in 20 TV channels

related to tourism, rural life, cultural activity, mountain, etc were watched,

ii)10

provinces

and

their

counties

and

villages

were

visited

in

different

geographical

regions

of

the

country,

iii)

reported

speeches

were

made

with rural dwellers in order to define possible potential sources for rural

tourism, iv)literature was reviewed to have background information about

rural

tourism

and

their

likely

effects

on

rural

people

and

areas.

v)

government

policies

were

examined

to

learn

their

views

on

rural

development and rural tourism.

乡村旅游论文外文翻译

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of SWOT analysis of rural tourism in Turkey are given

in Table1.

Table 1: SOWT analysis of rural tourism in Turkey

Strengths

Tourism

Encouragement

Act

No:2634

Weaknesses

Difficulties

in

marketing

of

rural

tourism

product

at

2010

Tourism

Vision

of

international markets

Turkish Govern-ment

Lack

of

scientific

meeting

Declarationof

the

year

2002

related to rural tourism at local and

as

“International

Year

of

national level

Difficulties

in

gathering

and

Mountains”

Unspoiled

environment

and

disseminating date

flora and fauna

Inadequate academic study on

Unlimited hospital of Turkish

rural tourism

rural dwellers

Lack

of

co- ordination

among

Changes in the preferences of

rural NGO

tourists

Extraordinary landscape

Near

to

main

tourist

markets

geographically

Supplying exotic combination

Limited

accommodation

number

of

Not

speaking

of

foreign

languages by rural people