reception-beng
英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记（四六级考试）
1.
好的家庭教养不仅能帮助儿童开发智力，
而且有助于帮助他们建立一些个人良好品质，
比如
自制
、勤奋。
Good
Parenting
（
1.
好的家庭教养）
not only helps children
develop intelligence
（
2.
开
发智力）
, but
also helps them develop some good
personal qualities
（
3.
个人品质）
such
as
self-control
<
/p>
（
4.
自制）
a
nd
diligence
（
5.
勤奋）
.
1-good parenting
parenting
指的是家长对孩子的抚养、培育，除了保证孩子正常生活，还侧重关
爱、指导。
词典释义：
parenting
●○○○○
1.N-UNCOUNT
不可数名词
育儿；养育子女
Parenting
is the
activity
of
bringing up
and looking after your child.
【搭配模式】：
oft
N n
1.
?
Parenting is
not
fully valued by society.
养儿育女没有得到社会的充分
重视。
2.
< br>?
...
parenting
classes.
育儿课程
外刊例句：
Maybe if
you directly taxed literacy and
used the money to subsidize illiteracy
it
would be worse. You could tax
good parenting
and subsize
child
abuse. (The
Economist)
替换词：
upbringing
、
nurture
学生错误表达：
（
< br>1
）
good family
breeding
点评：这里不能写成
good family breedin
g
，
breeding
是指动物的饲养
或者人的教养，
礼貌，与“家庭教育”有所区别。
（
2
）
domestic
upbringing
点评：
domestic
upbringing
为生造表达，不建议使用。
（
3
）
good
family manner
点评：
manner
一般指礼貌、礼仪，不能指家庭教养。
2-develop intelligence
develop
作为“（使）开发、发展”，有“逐渐形成”的含义在其中
。
develop
的其它宾
语搭配见下
方字典。
词典释义：
3.
FEELING
感觉
, T to
start to have a
feeling or quality
that then becomes
stronger
形成，产生
:
?
He had developed a certain
affection for
me.
他对我产生了某种喜爱之情。
develop a sense / awareness
/ knowledge of sth.
?
The children are beginning
to develop a sense of
responsibility.
这些孩子开始
培养责任感。
?
It was in college that he
developed a taste for (=
started to
like) rugby
football.
他是在大学里开
始喜欢上橄榄球的。
4.
SKILL / ABILITY
技术
/
能力
,
I,T if you develop a skill
or
ability, or if
it develops, it becomes
stronger or more
advanced
加强，增强
:
?
The course is designed to
help students develop
their speaking
skills.
这门课
程旨在帮助学生提高口头表达能力。
外刊例句：
One of the
bugaboos that authors of science fiction
sometimes use to scare
their human readers is the idea that
ants may
develop
intelligence
and take
over
the Earth. (The
Economist)
替换词：
play a positive role in
the intellectual development
学生错误表达：
（
1
）
develop
children
’
s
talents
点评：
talent
是指人的天资，天赋，与智力不同。
（
2
）
develop
children
’
s
mentality
点评：
ment
ality
是指心态，思想方法，也与智力不同。
（
3
）
explore children's
intelligence
点评：
e
xplore
是“探索”，与培养不同。
Intelligence
与
intellect
的区别：
Intellect
and
intelligence
both
refer more exactly
and more formally than
mind
to
mental
ability.
Intellect
is
usually
applied
only
to
man,
and
suggests
a
loftier,
more
finely
developed
and
more
esteemed
faculty
than
the
more
widely
used
intelligence
, which
generally denotes innate capacity to
perform mental
tasks,
to
remember,
to
solve
problems
and
to
perceive
relationships.
[Dr.
Smith
is a man of great
intelligence
but
Professor Brown earns the
respect of
his
colleagues for his high
intellect
.]
Intelligence
is
also the term
preferred
to
suggest lack of mental skills or the degree to
which they are
possessed
singly or in combination: a class of low
intelligence
;
weak in
mechanical skills but
reflecting above-average
intelligence
; tests to
determine
verbal
intelligence
in
pre-school children.
3- personal
qualities
personal quality
是一个固定的表达，一般指认身上的优秀品德，例如宽容、诚实。
词典释义：
3.N-COUNT
可数名词
优秀品质
< br>;
品德
Someone's
qualities
are the good
characteristics that they have which
are part of their nature.
【搭配模式】：
usu
pl
1.
?
Sometimes you
wonder where your kids get their good qualities...
有
时你会想，孩子们身上的优秀品质是从何而来呢？
2.
?
He wanted to
introduce mature people with leadership qualities.
..
他
想引进具有领导素质的成熟人才。
3.
?
A
job
analysis
should
also
include
what
skills
and
personal
qualities
are required.
工作岗位分析也应当包括必备技能
与个人素质。
外刊例句：
When he
became the party
’
s leader in
2012, more was known
about
Mr Xi
’
s
family
and
personal
qualities
than about his
politics. (The Economist)
This did not happen by accident. Mrs
Palin has rare
political
qualities
. She is
bold:
she
embraced the tea parties well before their impact
became obvious.
(The
Economist)
替换词：
personality
traits
学生错误表达
：
（
1
）
personal traits
点评：没有
personal
traits
这个表达，应该改为
personality
traits
4- self-
control
词典释义：
self-
control
●○○○○
1.N-UNCOUNT
不可数名词
自制力
;
自我克制
Self-control
is the ability to not
show
your feelings or not do the things
that your feelings make you want to do.
1.
?
His
self-
control
, reserve and
aloofness were almost inhuman...
他自
制、矜持和冷漠得几乎有些不近人情。
2.
?
I began to wish
I'd shown more
self-control
.
我开始想当时若是更自制
一些就好了
。
外刊例句：
Empathy is
“
sugary soda, tempting and
delicious and bad for
us
”
. In its
stead,
Mr Bloom prescribes a nutritious
diet of reason,
compassion
and
self-control
.
(The
Economist)
替换词：
self-
discipline / self-restraint
学生错误表达
：
（
1
）
self-contained
点评：
self-contained
是指“（人）独立的，自立的”，不能指自控。
（
2
）
self-
command
点评：
self-
command
含义是“镇定自若，自信”，与自控不同。
5-diligence
词典释义：
dili
?
gence
/
?
dilid
??
ns
/
?
noun
[U]
? (
formal
)
careful and thorough work or effort
?
勤勉；勤奋；用功
:
?She shows
great diligence in her
schoolwork.
她上学非常用功。
外刊例句：
Before the word meritocracy was coined
by Michael Young, a
British sociologist
and
institutional entrepreneur, in the 1950s there was
a
different name for the
notion that power, success and wealth
should be
distributed
according to
talent and
diligence
,
rather than by accident of birth:
American. (The
Economist)
可供替换的表达：
assiduity /
industriousness
学生错误表达
：
（
1
）
industrious/hardworking
点评：
industrious
和
hardworking
都是形容词，这里应该使用名词。
< br>
Q:
“建立一些个人良好品质”这
里的“建立”可以翻译成“
build
”吗？
< br>
A:
quality
的常见搭配为
develop
quality
，很少有
build
quality
的说法，不建议使用。
很多同学写句子很粗心，
本来是句子成分是名词，
< br>却写的是其形容词形式，
还有主谓一致问
题，
经常会犯，
希望同学们写句子回过头写完检查下句子结构和成分，
尽量不要犯低级错误，
如
: The
great upbringing is not just about helping
children to
develop
intelligence, but also about helping
them build good qualities, such
as
self-control and hard-
working.
其中
hardworking
就搞错词性。
2.
在线学习可以满足不同学生的需要，符合
“
因才施教
”
的教育理念。<
/p>
Online learning
（
1.
在线学习）
can
suit the needs of
（
2.
适应
……
的需要）
different
students,
conforming to the
idea that
（
3.
符合
……
的理念）
students
should be taught
in
accordance with
（
4.
与
……
相符合）
< br>their
aptitudes
（
5.
天资）
.
1-
online
learning
online learning
是“在线学习”的固定表达，此时
online
是
adj
，
learning
作为动名词短
语侧重事物，
例如
online banking
，
在线银行
“业务”
，
类似表达还有
online
shopping
、
online
chatting
；
learning
online
是动名词短语
/
现在分词短语，其中
online
是
adv
，
侧重的是动
作。
online
和加连字符的
on-
line
通用。
词典释义：
online
(
also
on-
line
)
adjective
[before noun]
UK
[
??
?
n]
US
[
?
ɑ
?
?
n]
describes
products,
services
or
information
that
can
be
bought
or
used
on
the
Internet
（产品、服务或信息）联网的，在线的，网上的
?
an
online
newspaper/magazine/dictionary
网上报纸／网络杂志／在线词典
?
online
banking/shopping
网上银行服务／购物
外刊例句：
The
convenience
of
online study
makes it
especially suitable for
working
people. According to Phil
Regier, dean of
Arizona
State University (ASU) Online,
the
market for online degrees in
America is the 30m or so 25- to
40-year-olds
who dropped out of college
first
time round. (The
Economist)
One of the great
advantages of
online learning
is
the ability to work at
massive scale, which makes production
of courses
studying the
tiniest niche
subjects economical. (The
Economist)
替换词：
distance
learning / online education /
e-learning
2-
suit the needs
of
suit
needs
、
suit
somebody
都可以表示“满足需要”。
词典释义：
动词
对…方便
;
满足…需要
;
合…心意
If something
suits
you, it is
convenient for you or is
the best thing for you in the circumstances.
【语法信息】：
V n
【搭配模式】：
no
cont
1.
?
They will only
release information if it
suit
s them...
他们只会
发布
对他们有利的信息。
2.
?
They
should
be
able
to
find
you
the
best
package
to
suit
your
needs.
他们应该能提供满足你需要的最佳套餐。
外刊例句：
Rather than
being so focused on wealth
accumulation, the asset management
industry needs
to provide products that
suit the
needs
of individuals. (The
Economist)
替换词：
meet/satisfy
/fulfill/serve
the
needs/demands/requirements of
somebody,
cater for the needs of
学生错误表达
：
（
1
）
content
different demands of
students
点评：
conte
nt
做动词时含义是“使满意，使满足”，没有
content
demands
这个搭配。
3-
conform to the
idea that...
conform to/with
something
表示“按……方式做事”，
idea
表示“看法、理念”，这
里用
the
idea of something / the idea of doing something
，
或者同位语从句
the idea
that...
都是可以的。
词典释义：
UK
[k
?
n'f
?
:m]
US
[-'f
?
:rm]
< br>
verb
intransitive
conform to / with sth
■
to obey a rule or
reach the necessary stated standard,
or to do things
in
a traditional way
遵守，遵照；符合，达到；依照
?
Before buying a pram, make
sure that it
conforms
to the official safety
standards.
购买婴儿车之前，要确保它符合官方的安全标准
。
?
Members must
conform
to a
strict dress
code.
成员们必须遵守严格的衣着规定。
外刊例句：
Even during
the
campaign in Wales
there were complaints that the Welsh Tories
did not have
the freedom to campaign as they would
have wished, having
to
conform to
plans laid down at Central
Office in London. (The
Economist)
学生错误表达
：
（
1
）
cater to the
education concept
点评：
cater
to
含义是“迎合（某人的需要）”，不与
conc
ept
搭配
4-
in accordance
with
accord
的基本含义是“和……相一致、相符合”它的动词短语形式是
accord
with
something
词典释义：
accordance
UK
[
?<
/p>
'k
?
:.d
?
n
t
s]
US
[-'k
?
:r-]
formal
noun
in
accordance with a rule/law/wish/etc.
■
following or
obeying a rule/law/wish/etc.
依照规则／法律／意愿等
?
In
accordance
with
her
wishes, she was buried in France.
按照她的遗愿，人
们把她安葬在法国。
外刊例句：
The Kremlin
had
warned that an attack
was coming.
“
Comrades are
working
in
accordance
with
tried and tested
schemes,
”
Vladimir Putin
’
s
spokesman,
Dmitry Peskov, said last month,
predicting an attempt to
“
rock the
boat
”
ahead of elections in Russia. (The
Economist)
Employees
increasingly expect to be
able, for example, to dress
in
accordance
with
their faith
while at work, and be given
appropriate times and places for
prayer. (The Economist)
替换词：
be
congruent with
5-
aptitude
aptitude
指的是天生的、或后天习得的才能，而且尤其是指能够进一步学习，使人变得更
加能胜任某项工作的才能。
词典释义：
aptitude
●○○○○
1.N-VAR
可变名词
天资
;
天赋
;
才能
Someone's
aptitude
for
a
particular
kind
of
work or
activity is their ability to learn it quickly and
to do it well.
【搭配模式】：
usu
N
for n/-ing
1.
?
An
aptitude
for
computing is
beneficial for students
taking this
degree.
计算才能对于攻读这
个学位的学生有益处。
2.
?
Some
students
have more
aptitude
for
academic
work than
others.
一些学生比其他学生更有学术才能。
外刊例句：
On the
other
hand it is
encouraging schools to develop a specialism (eg,
technology or
music) and is allowing such schools to
select up to 10% of their
intake
by
aptitude
for the
specialist subject.
Finally,
on the
question of innate
talent, they asked questions such as,
“
Being a
top
scholar
of [discipline]
requires a special
aptitude
that just can
’
t
be
taught
”
,
designed to elucidate how important respondents
thought it was in
their own, particular
fields.
替换词：
talent
Q
：关于连字符，之前有同学
cooper
ation
写成
co-operation
，加了横杠，还有这次的
online
也是，写成
on-line
，这样的写法对吗？
A
：
co-
operation
以及
on-line
的写法都是正确的。我们可以通过查词典来确定连字符的
使用是否正确，举个例子，在
剑桥词典中可以看到，
on-
line
以及
co-operation
的写法都
是支持的。
cooperation
(
UK
also
co-
operation
)
UK
[k
????
p.
?
r'e
?
.
?
?
n]
US
[ko
??ɑ
:.p
< br>?
're
?
-]
noun
u
ncountable
online
(
also
on-
line
)
adjective
[before noun]
UK
[
??
?
n]
US
[
?
ɑ
?
?
n]
Q
：
可以
我用的是
could
，
这里我有些不大明白
could
和
ca
n
的使用了？
A
：
can
在语气上比较强烈、肯定，强调能力；
could
在语气上比较委婉，不确定，强调可能
性。举个例子：
My mom can
arrive anytime
now.
（表示我妈妈有能力随时会到，强调能力）
My mom could arrive anytime
now.
（表示我妈妈现在有可能随时会到，强调可能性）
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