assurance英语高考-完形填空说明文

2.

结构清晰

说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正 确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择

正确答案具有重要意义。

3.

难度较大

说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较 多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。

4.

遣词用字简练

说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、 性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物

的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。

5.

条理清晰

说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑 顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。

【解题技巧】

1.

快速弄清文章大意

对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往

生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。

< br>

2.

弄清楚说明的顺序

把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章 的理解。

3.

把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节

把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达 清楚的、逻

辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结 尾，从主题句着手，找出支

持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要 被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节

的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对 文章进行深层次的理解。

4.

注重上下文语境

< br>应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和

词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。

5.

熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：

（< /p>

1

）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤 立地分析每一空格，造成误选。

（

2

）语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。

（

3

）逻辑合理。在完形填空题 中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不

合语境逻辑的 。

（

4

）符 合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。

Cloze 1

（

< br>2016

·上海卷）

体裁

说明文

文章话题

一种新型管理理论——授权 管理

及其作用。

In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed

the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 1 work

and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find

satisfaction in work.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to Theory X.

They believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work

effectively,

or

that

decisions

must

be

imposed

from 4 without

consultation.

This,

of

course,

makes for

authoritarian

(

专制的

) managers.

Different

cultures

have

different

ways

of 5 people.

Unlike

authoritarian

management,

some

cultures,

particularly

in

Asia,

are

well

known

for

the

consultative

nature

of

decision-making

—

all

members of the department or work group are asked to 6 to this process. This is management

by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing

things, which are based

on general 7 . Some experts

say that women

will become more effective

managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional

8 managers cannot.

词数

382

建议时间

15

分钟

难度

★★★☆☆

自测正确率

A

recent

trend

has

been

to

encourage

employees

to

use

their

own

initiative,

to

make

decisions

on their own without 9 managers first. This

empowerment

(

授权

) has been part of the trend

towards

downsizing: 10 the

number

of

management

layers

in

companies.

After

de-layering

in

this

way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and

employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of

delegation

(

委托

)

much

further

than

has 12 been

the

case.

Empowerment

and

delegation

mean

new

forms

of

management

control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become

more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

Another trend is off- site or 14 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and

the

Internet

work

on

projects

from

their

own

houses.

Project

managers

evaluate

the 15 of

the

team

members

in

terms

of

what

they

produce

for

projects,

rather

than

the

amount

of

time

they

spend

on them.

1. A. desire

B. seek

C. lose

D. dislike

D.

2. A. contrary

extreme

3. A. vice versa

4. A. outside

5. A. replacing

encouraging

6. A. refer

B. expectation

C. degree

B. for example

B. inside

B. assessing

C. however

C. below

D. otherwise

D.

D. above

C. managing

B. contribute

B. practice

C. object

D. apply

7. A. agreement

8. A. bossy

9. A. asking

C. election

D. impression

D. male

D. firing

D. estimating

D. compared

D. occasionally

D. ensure

D.

B. experienced

B. training

C. western

C. warning

C. reducing

C. crowded

10. A. doubling

11. A. honored

B. maintaining

B. left

12. A. economically

13. A. deny

B. traditionally

B. admit

C. inadequately

C. assume

14. A. virtual

on-the-scene

15. A. opinion

B. ineffective

C. day-to-day

B. risk

C. performance

D. attractiveness

Cloze 2

（

2014

·新课标全国卷

I

）

体裁

说明文

文章话题

各种形式的活动，如果人们 经常

做，都会产生厌倦情绪。

As

a

general

rule,

all

forms

of

activity

lead

to

boredom

when

they

are

performed

on

a

routine

(

常规

)

basis.

As

a

matter

of

fact,

we

can

see

this

1

at

work

in

people

of

all

2

.For

example,

on Christmas morning, children are excited about

3

with their new toys. But their

4

soon

wears

off

and

by

January

those

5

toys

can

be

found

put

away

in

the

basement.

The

world

is

full

of

6

stamp

albums

and

unfinished

models,

each

standing

as

a

monument

to

someone

’

s

7

interest.

When parents bring home a pet, their child

8

bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short

time,

however,

the

9

of

caring

for

the

animal

is

handed

over

to

the

parents.

Adolescents

enter

high

school

with

great

10

but

are

soon

looking

forward

to

11

.The

same

is

true

of

the

young

adults

going

to

college.

And

then,

how

many

12

,

who

now

complain

(

抱怨

)

about

the

long

drives

to work,

13

drove for hours at a time when they first

14

their driver

’

s licenses(

执

照

)?Before people retire, they usually

15

to do a lot of

16

things, which they never had

17

to do while working. But

18

after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and

all

of

the

other

pastimes

become

as

boring

as

the

jobs

they

19

.And,

like

the

child

in

January,

they go searching for new

20

.

1. A. principle

2. A. parties

3. A. working

4. A. confidence

5. A. same

B. habit

B. races

C. way

D. power

D. ages

词数

249

建议时间

17

分钟

难度

★★★☆☆

自测正确率

C. countries

C. playing

B. living

B. interest

D. going

C. anxiety

C. funny

D. sorrow

D. expensive

D. half- filled

B. extra

6. A. well-organized

7. A. broad

B. colorfully- printed

C. newly-collected

C. different

D. main

B. passing

8. A. silently

9. A. promise

10. A. courage

B. impatiently

B. burden

B. calmness

C. gladly

C. right

D. worriedly

D. game

C. confusion

D. excitement

D. success

D. retirees

11. A. graduation

12. A. children

B. independence

B. students

C. responsibility

C. adults

13. A. carefully

14. A. required

15. A. need

16. A. great

17. A. time

18. A. only

19. A. lost

20. A. pets

B. eagerly

B. obtained

C. nervously

C. noticed

C. start

D. bravely

D. discovered

D. plan

D. correct

D. knowledge

B. learn

B. strange

C. difficult

C. skills

B. money

B. well

B. chose

B. toys

C. even

D. soon

D. quit

D. colleagues

C. left

C. friends

Cloze 3

（

2012·新课标全 国卷Ⅰ

）

体裁

说明文

文章话题

身势语在交际中的重要性

词数

246

建议时间

18

分钟

难度

★★★★☆

自测正确率

Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks

1

than

words.

According

to

specialists,

our

bodies

send

out

more

2

than

we

realize.

In

fact,

non- verbal(

非言语

) communication takes up about 50% of what we really 3

. And body language

is

particularly

4

when

we

attempt

to

communicate

across

cultures.

Indeed,

what

is

called

body

language is so

5

a part of us that it

’

s actually often misunderstandings occur as a result

of it.

6

, different

societies treat the

7

between people differently. Northern Europeans

usually do not like having

8

contact(

接触

)even with friends, and certainly not with

9

.

People from Latin American countries,

10

, touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it

’

s

possible that in

11

, it may look like a Latino is

12

a Norwegian all over the room. The

Latino,

trying

to

express

friendship,

will

keep

moving

13

.

The

Norwegian,

very

probably

seeing

this as pushiness, will keep

14

—

which the Latino will in return regard as

15

.

Clearly, a great deal is going on when people

16

. And only a part of it is in the words

themselves. And when parties are from

17

cultures, there

’

s a strong possibility of

18

.

But whatever the situation, the best

19

is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would

like to be

20

.

1. A. straighter

2. A. sounds

3. A. hope

B. louder

C. harder

D. further

B. invitations

C. feelings

D. messages

B. receive

C. discover

D. mean

4. A. immediate

5. A. well

B. misleading

B. far

B. Thus

C. important

C. much

D. difficult

D. long

D. In short

D. greetings

D. telephone

D. enemies

6. A. For example

7. A. trade

8. A. eye

C. However

B. distance

C. connections

B. verbal

B. relatives

C. bodily

9. A. strangers

10. other words

C. neighbours

B. on the other hand

all means

a similar way

11. A. trouble

B. conversation

B. helping

B. faster

B. going on

C. silence

C. guiding

D. experiment

12. A. disturbing

13. A. closer

D. following

D. away

14. A. stepping forward

15. A. weakness

16. A. talk

C. backing away

D. coming out

D. coldness

B. carelessness

C. friendliness

C. laugh

D. think

D. rich

17. A. different

18. A. curiosity

B. European

C. Latino

B. excitement

C. misunderstanding

19. A. chance

20. A. noticed

D. nervousness

C. result

D. advice

D. pleased

B. time

B. treated

C. respected

Cloze 1

（

2019