意义-乙二酸
2013
年
6
月四级真
题仔细阅读部分
Part IV Reading
Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In
this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.
You are required
to
select
one
word
for
each
blank
from
a
list
of
choices
given
in
a
word
bank
following
the passage. Read
the passage through carefully before making your
choices. Each
choice in the bank is
identified by a letter. Please mark the
corresponding letter
for each item on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single
line through the centre. You may not
use any of the words in the bank more
than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the
following passage.
Walking,
if
you
do
it
vigorously
enough,
is
the
overall
best
exercise
for
regular
physical activity.
It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do
it and it
carries
the 47
risk
of
injury.
The
human
body
is
designed
to
walk.
You
can
walk
in
parks
or
along
a
river
or
in
your
neighborhood.
To
get 48 benefit
from
walking,
aim
for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a
week.
Strength
training
is
another
important 49 of
physical
activity.
Its
purpose
is
to
build
and
50 bone
and
muscle
mass,
both
of
which
shrink
with
age.
In
general,
you
will
want
to
do
strength
training
two
or
three
days
a
week, 51
recovery
days
between
sessions.
Finally,
flexibility
and
balance
training
are 52 important
as
the
body
ages.
Aches
and
pains
are
high
on
the
list
of
complaints
in
old
age.
The
result
of
constant
muscle
tension
and
stiffness
of
joints,
many
of
them
are
53
, and
simple
flexibility
training
can 54 these
by
making
muscles
stronger
and
keeping
joints
lubricated
(
润滑
).
Some
of
this
you
do
whenever
you
stretch.
If
you
watch
dogs
and
cats, you’ll get an idea
of how natural it is. The general
55
is simple:
whenever
the
body
has
been
in
one
position
for
a
while,
it
is
good
to 56 stretch
it in an
opposite position.
A) allowing
F) helping K) prevent
avoidable G)
increasingly L)
principle
B)
C) briefly
H) lowest M)
provoke
D)
component I) maintain
N) seriously
E)
determined J) maximum
O) topic
Section
B
Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage
is followed by some
questions or
unfinished
statements. For each of
them there are four choices marked
A), B), C) and D). You should decide on
the best choice and mark the corresponding
letter on
Answer Sheet
2
with a single line through the
centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are
based on the following passage.
Junk
food
is
everywher
e.
We’re
eating
way
too
much
of
it.
Most
of
us
know
what
we’re
doing and yet we do it anyway.
So
here’s
a
suggestion
offered
by
two
researchers
at
the
Rand
Corporation:
Why
not
take
a
lesson
from
alcohol
control
policies
and
apply
them
to
where
food
is
sold
and how it’s displayed?
“Many
policy
measures
to
control
obesity
（<
/p>
肥胖症）
assume
that
people
consciously
and rationally choose what and how much
they eat and therefore focus on providing
information and more access to
healthier foods,” note the two
research
ers.
“In
contrast,”
the
researchers
continue,
“many
regulations
that
don’t
assume
people make rational choices have been
successfully applied to control
alcohol,
a
substance
—
like
food
—
of
which
immoderate
consumption
leads
to
serious
health
problems.”
The
research
references
studies
of
people’s
behavior
with
food
and
alcohol
and
results
of
alcohol
restrictions,
and
then
lists
five
regulations
that
the
researchers think might be promising if
applied to junk foods. Among them:
Density
restrictions:
lice
nses
to
sell
alcohol
aren’t
handed
out
unplanned
to
all
comers but are
allotted
（分配）
based
on the number of places in an area that
already sell alcohol. These make
alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of
psychological cues to drink.
Similarly, the researchers
say, being presented with junk food stimulates our
desire to eat it. So why not limit the
density of food outlets, particularly ones
that
sell
food
rich
in
empty
calories?
And
why
not
limit
sale
of
food
in
places
that
aren’t primarily food
sto
res?
Display
and sales restrictions: California has a rule
prohibiting alcohol
displays
near
the
cash
registers
in
gas
stations,
and
in
most
places
you
can’t
buy
alcohol
at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food
companies pay to have
their
wares
in
places
where
they’re
easily
seen.
One
could
remove
junk
food
to
the
back
of
the
store
and
ban
them
from
the
shelves
at
checkout
lines.
The
other
measures
include restricting
portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special
price deals for
junk foods, and placing
warning labels on the products.
57. What does the author
say about junk food?
A)
People should be educated not to eat too much.
B) It is widely consumed
despite its ill reputation.
C) Its temptation is too strong for
people to resist.
D) It
causes more harm than is generally realized.
58. What do the Rand
researchers think of many of the policy measures
to control
obesity?
A) They should be implemented
effectively.
B) They
provide misleading information.
C) They are based on wrong assumptions.
D) They help people make
rational choices.
59. Why
do policymakers of alcohol control place density
restrictions?
A) Few people
are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.
B) There are already too
many stores selling alcohol.
C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause
social problems.
D) Easy
access leads to customers’
over
-consumption.
60.
What
is
the
purpose
of
California’s
rule
about
alcohol
display
in
gas
stations?
A) To
effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.
B) To help drivers to give
up the habit of drinking.
C) To prevent possible traffic jams in
nearby areas.
D) To get
alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.
61. What is the general
guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk
food
control?
A)
Guiding people to make rational choices about
food.
B) Enhancing people’s
awareness of their own health.
C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control
measures.
D) Resorting to
economic, legal and psychological means.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the
following passage.
Kod
ak’s
decision
to
file
for
bankruptcy
（破产）
protecti
on
is
a
sad,
though
not
unexpected,
turning
point
for
a
leading
American
corporation
that
pioneered
consumer
photography
and
dominated
the
film
market
for
decades,
but
ultimately
failed
to
adapt
to the
digital revolution.
Although many attribute Kodak’s
downfall to
“
complacency
(
自满)
,” that
explanation
doesn’t
acknow
-ledge
the
lengths
to
which
the
company
went
to
reinvent
itself.
Decades
ago,
Kodak
anticipated
that
digital
photography
would
overtake
film
—
and
in
fact,
Kodak
invented
the
first
digital
camera
in
1975
—
but
in
a
fateful
decision, the company chose to shelf
its new discovery
to focus
on its
traditional
film
business.
It
wasn’t
that
Kodak
was
blind
to
the
future,
said Rebecca
Henderson, a
professor at
Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed
to execute on a
strategy to confront
it. By the time the company realized its mistake,
it was too
late.
Kodak is an example of a firm that was
very much aware that they had to adapt,
and spent a lot of money trying to do
so, but ultimately failed. Large companies
have a difficult time switching into
new markets because there is a temptation to
put existing assets into the new
businesses.
Although Kodak
anticipated the inevitable rise of digital
photography, its
corporate
（企业的）
culture was too rooted in the successes of the
past for it to
make
the
clean
break
necessary
to
fully
embrace
the
future.
They
were
a
company
stuck
in time. Their history was so important
to them. Now their history has become a
liability.
Kodak’s downfall over the last several
decades was dramatic. In 1976, the
company
commanded
90%
of
the
market
for
photographic
film
and
85%
of
the
market
for
cameras.
But
the
1980s
brought
new
competition
from
Japanese
film
company
Fuji
Photo,
w
hich
undermined
Kodak
by
offering
lower
prices
for
film
and
photo
supplies.
Kodak’s